WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Occupational exposure of diesel station workers to BTEX compounds at a bus depot	2015	School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3 WITS, Gauteng 2050, South Africa. Raeesa.Moolla@wits.ac.za.; School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwater	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 13-Apr Volume 12 Issue 4 Start Page 4101 Other Pages 4115 Notes LR: 20150506; JID: 101238455; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Gasoline); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OID: NLM: PMC4410235; 2015/03/10 [received]; 2015/03/26 [revised]; 2 Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25872020 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph120404101 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25872020 Abstract Diesel fuel is known to emit pollutants that have a negative impact on environmental and human health. In developing countries like South Africa, attendants are employed to pump fuel for customers at service stations. Attendants refuel vehicles with various octane unleaded fuel, lead-replacement petrol and diesel fuel, on a daily basis. Attendants are at risk to adverse health effects associated with the inhalation of volatile organic compounds released from these fuels. The pollutants released include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), which are significant due to their high level of toxicity. In this study, a risk assessment of BTEX was conducted at a diesel service station for public buses. Using Radiello passive samplers, it was found that benzene concentrations were above recommended international standards. Due to poor ventilation and high exposure duration, the average benzene concentration over the sampling campaign exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's chronic inhalation exposure reference concentration. Lifetime cancer risk estimation showed that on average there is a 3.78 x 10-4 cancer risk, corresponding to an average chronic daily intake of 1.38 x 10-3 mg/kg/day of benzene exposure. Additionally, there were incidences where individuals were at potential hazard risk of benzene and toluene that may pose non-carcinogenic effects to employees. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moolla,R., Curtis,C.J., Knight,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150413 PMCID PMC4410235 Editors
Protobacco Media Exposure and Youth Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes, Cigarette Experimentation, and Current Tobacco Use among US Youth	2015	Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS F-79, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, United States of America.; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Department of Medicine, University of California S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 26-Aug Volume 10 Issue 8 Start Page e0134734 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150902; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4550466; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/03/27 [received]; 2015/07/13 [accepted]; 2015/08/26 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26308217 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134734 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26308217 Abstract PURPOSE: Youth are exposed to many types of protobacco influences, including smoking in movies, which has been shown to cause initiation. This study investigates associations between different channels of protobacco media and susceptibility to smoking cigarettes, cigarette experimentation, and current tobacco use among US middle and high school students. METHODS: By using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, structural equation modeling was performed in 2013. The analyses examined exposure to tobacco use in different channels of protobacco media on smoking susceptibility, experimentation, and current tobacco use, accounting for perceived peer tobacco use. RESULTS: In 2012, 27.9% of respondents were never-smokers who reported being susceptible to trying cigarette smoking. Cigarette experimentation increased from 6.3% in 6th grade to 37.1% in 12th grade. Likewise, current tobacco use increased from 5.2% in 6th grade to 33.2% in 12th grade. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which current tobacco use is associated with exposure to static advertising through perception of peer use, and by exposure to tobacco use depicted on TV and in movies, both directly and through perception of peer use. Exposure to static advertising appears to directly increase smoking susceptibility but indirectly (through increased perceptions of peer use) to increase cigarette experimentation. Models that explicitly incorporate peer use as a mediator can better discern the direct and indirect effects of exposure to static advertising on youth tobacco use initiation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of reducing youth exposure to smoking in TV, movies, and static advertising. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fulmer,E.B., Neilands,T.B., Dube,S.R., Kuiper,N.M., Arrazola,R.A., Glantz,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150826 PMCID PMC4550466 Editors
E-Cigarette Market Trends in Traditional U.S. Retail Channels, 2012-2013	2015	Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University-School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ; d.giovenco@rutgers.edu.; Department of Health Studies, University of Waterloo-School of Public Health and Health Systems, Waterloo, ON, Canada;; Center for Tobacco	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1279 Other Pages 1283 Notes LR: 20151223; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: HHSN271201100027C/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Agents); OID: NLM: PMC4683368 [Available on 10/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/10/01 00:00; 2014/09/04 [received]; 2014/12/11 [accepted]; 2014/12/26 [aheadof Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25542918 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu282 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542918 Abstract INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette sales continue to increase in the United States. To date, little surveillance research has documented the specific product attributes driving growth. This study uses national market scanner data to describe sales trends in traditional U.S. tobacco retail channels between 2012 and 2013 and identifies product features associated with sales increases. METHODS: Data on e-cigarette sales in convenience stores, drug stores, grocery stores, and mass merchandisers in the United States were obtained from the Nielsen Company. Each product was coded for attributes such as brand, flavor, and unit size. Total sales volume, market share, and percent growth were calculated for various product attributes. RESULTS: E-cigarette sales more than doubled between 2012 and 2013, from $273.6 million to $636.2 million, respectively. Growth was particularly strong in the convenience store channel. Blu eCigs quickly emerged as the best-selling brand and in 2013 constituted nearly half (44.1%) of overall sales. Although fruit-flavored and other flavored products experienced marked growth, unflavored and menthol e-cigarettes overwhelmingly dominated the market. Sales of single unit products (likely disposable e-cigarettes) increased by 216.4%, a much faster rate than multi-unit packs and cartridge refills. CONCLUSIONS: In traditional U.S. retail channels, particularly the convenience store channel, sales of e-cigarettes continue to grow, with brands like blu and disposable products as the likely drivers. Given the rapidly-changing market, expanded surveillance is needed to monitor sales not only in traditional retail locations, but sales online and in specialty "vape shops," as well. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Giovenco,D.P., Hammond,D., Corey,C.G., Ambrose,B.K., Delnevo,C.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141226 PMCID PMC4683368 Editors
A systematic review of transitions between cigarette and smokeless tobacco product use in the United States	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Mar Volume 15 Issue Start Page 258 Other Pages 015-1594-8 Notes LR: 20160223; GR: P01 HD031921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4377056; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2015/02/27 [accepted]; 2015/03/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25849604 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1594-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25849604 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in the US and may influence cigarette smoking behavior. Systematic information on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US is limited. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published literature on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EbscoHost databases for all published articles from January 2000 to March 2014 that presented estimates of transitions in US youth and adult study populations over time between at least one of the following tobacco use states: exclusive cigarette smoking, exclusive smokeless tobacco use, dual use of both products, and use of neither product. We excluded non-English language studies, studies published before 2000, clinical trials, controlled cessation programs, and clinical studies or evaluations of smokeless tobacco cessation programs. RESULTS: The review identified six studies on US populations published since 2000 with longitudinal data on some or all of the transitions that users can undergo between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies in design and tobacco use definitions. Despite these differences, the existing data indicate that switching behaviors from exclusive smoking to exclusive smokeless tobacco use are limited (adults: 0%-1.4%, adolescents: 0.8%-3.8%) but may be more common from exclusive smokeless tobacco use to exclusive smoking (adults: 0.9%-26.6%, adolescents: 16.6%-25.5%). Among adults, exclusive cigarette smoking was generally stable and consistent (79.7% to 87.6%) over follow-up across studies but less stable in adolescents (46.8%-78.7%). Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was less stable than exclusive cigarette smoking over time (adults: 59.4%-76.6%, adolescents: 26.2%-44.8%). CONCLUSION: This review provides published estimates of the proportions of adults and adolescents transitioning between tobacco use categories from the most recently available studies on longitudinal transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarettes in the US. These data can be used to track tobacco use behaviors and evaluate their effect on public health; however, the data for these studies were generally collected more than a decade ago. Additional research including nationally representative longitudinal estimates using consistent definitions and designs, would improve understanding of current tobacco transition behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tam,J., Day,H.R., Rostron,B.L., Apelberg,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150318 PMCID PMC4377056 Editors
Biomonitoring method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection	2015	School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.; School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.; School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan. Electronic addre	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.B.Analyt Technol.Biomed.Life.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 1000 Issue Start Page 187 Other Pages 191 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 101139554; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/29 [received]; 2015/07/06 [revised]; 2015/07/18 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-376X; 1570-0232 Accession Number PMID: 26245363 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.033 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26245363 Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter during industrial processing and various human activities, but human exposure to PAHs has not yet been elucidated in detail. To assess long-term exposure to PAHs, we developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring PAHs in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction using a CP-Sil 19CB capillary column as an extraction device, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Zorbax Eclipse PAH column and fluorescence detection. Seventeen PAHs could be analyzed simultaneously, with good linearity from 20 to 1000pg/mL each as determined using stable isotope-labeled PAH internal standards. The detection limits of PAHs were 0.5-20.4pg/mL. PAHs in human hair samples were extracted by ultrasonication in 50mM NaOH in methanol, and successfully analyzed without any interference peaks, with good recovery rates above 70% in spiked hair samples. Using this method, we evaluated the suitability of using hair PAHs as biomarkers for long-term exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Yamamoto,Y., Ishizaki,A., Kataoka,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150726 PMCID Editors
The effectiveness of tobacco control television advertisements in increasing the prevalence of smoke-free homes	2015	UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. sarah.lewis@nottingham.ac.uk.; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcoho	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 8-Sep Volume 15 Issue Start Page 869 Other Pages 015-2207-2 Notes LR: 20151222; GR: MR/J00023X/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 100968562; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4562106; 2014/12/11 [received]; 2015/09/02 [accepted]; 2015/09/08 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26350614 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2207-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26350614 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence that tobacco control mass media campaigns can change smoking behaviour. In the UK, campaigns over the last decade have contributed to declines in smoking prevalence and been associated with falls in cigarette consumption among continuing smokers. However, it is less evident whether such campaigns can also play a role in changing smokers' behaviour in relation to protecting others from the harmful effects of their smoking in the home. We investigated whether exposure to English televised tobacco control campaigns, and specifically campaigns targeting second hand smoking, is associated with smokers having a smoke-free home. METHODS: We used repeated cross-sectional national survey data on 9872 households which participated in the Health Survey for England between 2004 and 2010, with at least one adult current smoker living in the household. Exposure to all government-funded televised tobacco control campaigns, and to those specifically with a second hand smoking theme, was quantified in Gross Rating Points (GRPs), an average per capita measure of advert exposure where 100 GRPs indicates 100 % of adults exposed once or 50 % twice. Our outcome was self-reported presence of a smoke-free home (where no one smokes in the home on most days). Analysis used generalised additive models, controlling for individual factors and temporal trends. RESULTS: There was no association between monthly televised campaigns overall and the probability of having a smoke-free home. However, exposure to campaigns specifically targeting second hand smoke was associated with increased odds of a smoke-free home in the following month (odds ratio per additional 100 GRPs, 1.07, 95 % CI 1.01 to 1.13), though this association was not seen at other lags. These effects were not modified by socio-economic status or by presence of a child in the home. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide tentative evidence that mass media campaigns specifically focussing on second hand smoke may be effective in reducing smoking in the home, and further evaluation of campaigns of this type is needed. General tobacco control campaigns in England, which largely focus on promoting smoking cessation, do not impact on smoke-free homes over and above their direct effect at reducing smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lewis,S., Sims,M., Richardson,S., Langley,T., Szatkowski,L., McNeill,A., Gilmore,A.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150908 PMCID PMC4562106 Editors
Web-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in war-traumatized Arab patients: randomized controlled trial	2015	Department of Clinical Psychology, Freie University, Berlin, Germany. christine.knaevelsrud@fu-berlin.de.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 17 Issue 3 Start Page e71 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; ANZCTR/ACTRN12611001019998; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC4385175; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/04 [received]; 2014/11/26 [accepted]; 2014/09/01 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 25799024 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.3582 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25799024 Abstract BACKGROUND: In recent years, armed conflicts in the Middle East have resulted in high rates of exposure to traumatic events. Despite the increasing demand of mental health care provision, ongoing violence limits conventional approaches of mental health care provision. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have proved feasible and effective in Western countries, but their applicability and efficacy in war and conflict regions remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral Internet-based intervention for war-traumatized Arab patients, with focus on Iraq. METHODS: A total of 159 individuals with PTSD participated in a parallel group randomized trial. Participants were randomly allocated by a computer-generated sequence to a treatment group (n=79) or a waiting list control group (n=80). The treatment group received 2 weekly 45-minute cognitive behavioral interventions via Internet over a 5-week period (10 sessions in total). The primary outcome was recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS: Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly reduced from baseline to posttreatment (intention-to-treat analysis) in the treatment group relative to the control group (F1,157=44.29, P<.001 d="0.92)." treatment="" effects="" were="" sustained="" at="" follow-up.="" completer="" analysis="" indicated="" that="" of="" patients="" in="" the="" group="" had="" recovered="" from="" posttraumatic="" stress="" symptoms="" posttreatment="" change="" and="" diagnostic="" scale="" score="" versus="" patient="" control="" ci="" p="" indicating="" chance="" recovering="" was="" times="" higher="" than="" group.="" conclusions:="" results="" indicate="" even="" unstable="" insecure="" settings="" with="" ongoing="" exposure="" to="" human="" rights="" violations="" through="" war="" dictatorships="" people="" benefit="" a="" cognitive="" behavioral="" provided="" entirely="" internet.="" this="" method="" delivery="" could="" improve="" access="" humanitarian="" aid="" form="" e-mental="" health="" services.="" trial="" registration:="" australian="" new="" zealand="" clinical="" registry="" actrn12611001019998="" https:="" by="" webcite="" http:=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Knaevelsrud,C., Brand,J., Lange,A., Ruwaard,J., Wagner,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150320 PMCID PMC4385175 Editors
Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol	2015	Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil brilhante@ufc.br.; Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 64 Issue Pt 4 Start Page 394 Other Pages 399 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0224131; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 4602-84-0 (Farnesol); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 2014/12/05 [received]; 2015/01/18 [accepted]; 2015/02/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 25657300 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.000030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25657300 Abstract It is believed that most microbial infections are caused by pathogens organized in biofilms. Recently, it was shown that the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, estimated to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory diseases, is also able to form biofilm. Although the antifungal therapy commonly used is effective, refractory cases and recurrences have been reported. In the search for new compounds with antimicrobial activity, the sesquiterpene farnesol has gained prominence for its antifungal action. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum to the antifungal agents itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone and combined, as well as to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of these compounds against biofilms of this pathogen. The results show that farnesol has antifungal activity against H. capsulatum in the yeast and filamentous phases, with MIC values ranging from 0.0078 to 0.00312 microM. A synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index =0.5) between itraconazole and farnesol was found against 100 and 83.3 % of the isolates in yeast and mycelial forms, respectively, while synergism between amphotericin B and farnesol was only observed against 37.5 and 44.4 % of the isolates in yeast and filamentous forms, respectively. Afterwards, the antifungal drugs, itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone, and the combination of itraconazole and farnesol, were tested against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum, through XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazoliu m hydroxide) metabolic assay, and the itraconazole and amphotericin B showed lower antibiofilm activity when compared to farnesol alone and farnesol combined with itraconazole. In conclusion, farnesol showed promising results as an antifungal agent against H. capsulatum and also showed adjuvant action, especially when combined with itraconazole, increasing the fungal susceptibility to this drug. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors Data Source Authors Brilhante,R.S., de Lima,R.A., Marques,F.J., Silva,N.F., Caetano,E.P., Castelo-Branco Dde,S., Bandeira Tde,J., Moreira,J.L., Cordeiro Rde,A., Monteiro,A.J., Pires de Camargo,Z., Sidrim,J.J., Rocha,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150205 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study	2015	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. beyond.hehe@163.com.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. yaoya	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 30-Oct Volume 12 Issue 11 Start Page 13970 Other Pages 13980 Notes LR: 20151214; JID: 101238455; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4661627; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/16 [received]; 2015/10/27 [revised]; 2015/10/28 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26529002 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121113970 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26529002 Abstract BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of passive smoking among women in Jilin Province, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012, using a self-reported questionnaire interview. A representative sample of 9788 non-smoking women aged 18-79 years was collected in Jilin Province of China by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling design. Descriptive data analysis and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prevalence/frequency were conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associated socio-demographic factors of passive smoking. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of passive smoking among non-smoking women in Jilin Province was 60.6% (95% CI: 59.3-61.8), 58.3% (95% CI: 56.7-59.9) from urban areas, and 63.4% (95% CI: 61.6-65.3) from rural areas. Twenty-six percent (95% CI: 24.9-27.1) of the non-smoking women reported daily passive smoking, of which 42.9% (95% CI: 41.6-44.1) reported passive smoking at home, and 5.1% (95% CI: 4.5-5.7) reported passive smoking in restaurants. Women in urban areas were less likely to be passive smokers than those in rural ones (OR-Odds Ratio: 0.825, 95% CI: 0.729-0.935), elderly women were less likely to be passive smokers than younger women (55-64 years OR: 0.481, 95% CI: 0.342-0.674; 65-79 years OR: 0.351, 95% CI: 0.241-0.511). Seperated/divorced women were less likely to be passive smokers (OR: 0.701, 95% CI: 0.500-0.982), and widowed women (OR: 0.564, 95%CI: 0.440-0.722), as the married were the reference group. Retired women second-hand smoked due to environmental causes significantly less than manual workers (OR: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.708-0.928). Women with a monthly family income of more than 5000 RMB were less likely to be passive smokers than those with an income less than 500 RMB (OR: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.432-0.876). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of passive smoking is lower than that reported in 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) China, but passive smoking is still prevalent and has been an acute public health problem among non-smoking women in Jilin Province, China. Our findings suggest an urgent need for tobacco control and the efforts of public health should be both comprehensive and focus on high-risk populations in Jilin Province, China. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,Z., Yao,Y., Yu,Y., Shi,J., Liu,Y., Tao,Y., Kou,C., Zhang,H., Han,W., Yin,Y., Jiang,L., Li,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151030 PMCID PMC4661627 Editors
Levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy active and passive smokers	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 72 Issue 3 Start Page 99 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 26731862 Language eng SubFile Clinical Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26731862 Abstract BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is the major and most common indoor source of carbon monoxide. CO combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) which hinders oxygen transport and causes myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. CO damages the endothelium of large and medium arteries and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Participants in the study included 148 active and 306 passive smokers. In both groups the largest proportion of respondents were aged 30-49. Numbers of male and female participants were identical among the active smokers, while the majority of the passive smokers were women. Majority of the participants in both groups lived in large towns (over 100,000 inhabitants). The levels of exhaled CO were measured with Micro+smokerlyzer distributed in Poland by Synecpol. Every participant was provided with relevant instructions and the test was conducted by trained researchers. RESULTS: The mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide in active smokers was 12.57 ppm with higher levels found in men. The highest mean level of eCO was found in participants with body weight between 60 kg and 80 kg (mean eCO = 13.39 ppm). The highest levels were observed in participants living in towns with 51,000-100,000 inhabitants. In passive smokers, the mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide was 3.55 +/- 1.26 ppm with higher levels found in men. CONCLUSIONS: For non-smokers, the study identified a significant relationship between the level of exhaled CO and the participants' gender (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Krzych-Falta,E., Modzelewska,D., Samolinski,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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