Mali

The Constitution is structured around 14 Titles. The first provides rights and duties while the second is dedicated to the State and Sovereignty. Subsequent titles address institutions in place including the executive power (title III), the legislative power (title IV), the judicial power (title V), the Economic, Social, Environmental and Cultural Council (title VI), and traditional authorities (title VIII). Titles IX and X respectively address the African Union and International treaties while the last titles of the Constitution address the revision process (title XI), particular provisions (title XII), transitory provisions, and final provisions (titles XIII and XIV).

Under article 10, education, training, work, housing, leisure, health, social protection, access to food and water are recognized rights.

Article 22 of the Constitution provides a right to a healthy and sustainable environment.

The Law is structured around Titles. The first sets general provisions including the purpose of the law and general principles as well as definitions. The second title addresses the scope of application including regarding the contributors (chapter I), the beneficiaries (chapter II) and the benefits (chapter III). The third title addresses the coverage of health benefits that are guaranteed including conditions applying (chapter I), medical control (chapter II), and contracting (chapter III). Title IV addresses the financial, accounting, and technical organization including sources of revenues (chapter I), financial and accounting management (chapter II), and technical control (chapter III). Title V provides the governance structures for the national universal health insurance scheme, including the "Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie" (article 57) and bodies with delegated powers (article 58). Title VI provides for appeals and penalties. The last title provides for miscellaneous, transitory and final provisions.

Under article 9, are subject to the universal health insurance scheme any physical person residing in Mali and any physical or moral person (whether public or private) that employs at least one salaried employee. Implementing legislation specifies the categories of people subject to the scheme and the modalities for registration (article 10). Beneficiaries include the physical person registered, their dependents, indigents and their dependents, abandoned children, prisoners, homeless people, victims of war, disasters and armed conflict (article 13).

Under article 18, the list of health services guaranteed to the beneficiaries of the scheme is to be set by a joint order of the minister in charge of social protection, of the minister in charge of health and of the minister in charge of Finance.

The law is structured around chapters. The first chapter provides general provisions (articles 1 to 53). The second chapter is dedicated to public hospital facilities (articles 54 to 106).

The first chapter "general provisions" addresses fundamental principles including patients' rights and duties (articles 1 to 6), missions and duties of hospital facilities (articles 7 to 32), organization of the hospital system including the hospital map (articles 33 to 48), evaluation of hospital facilities (articles 49 to 51) and cooperation activities (articles 52 and 53).

The second chapter on public hospital facilities addresses the following: definition and creation (articles 54 and 55); administration and management (articles 56 to 74), personalized activities and employee profit-sharing interest (articles 75 to 80), participation in training and research (articles 81,82), personnel regime (articles 83 to 86), budget and accounts (articles 87 to 98) as well as supervision and control (articles 99 to 106).

The law is structured around twelve chapters. The first provides general provisions including the purpose of the law and the functions of national health policies and plans and priorities pursued. The second chapter includes definitions. The third chapter provides the objectives of the national health policy. Chapter IV (four) addresses the organization of the national health system around 3 levels (central, regional, and local) (article 9) and the roles and responsibilities of each level (articles 11 to 16). Chapter V (five) addresses health facilities which encompass public and private facilities (article 18). Chapter VI (six) addresses health planning; including through a health map revised every 5 years (articles 28 to 31). Chapter VII (seven) relates to the pharmaceutical policy including the establishment, by ministerial order, of an official list of essential medicines (article 34). Chapter VIII addresses information, education, and communication including a health program in school (article 38). Chapter IX (nine) addresses referral systems while chapter X (ten) relates to financing. Chapter XI (eleven) includes one article on evaluation while the last chapter provides for final provisions.

The law sets the major orientation of the national health policy (article 1). The fundamental principles of the national health policy are equity, justice, solidarity, participation of the population, and civil society (article 2). The national health policy is further based on the PHC principles, on the Bamako initiative and on the African health development strategy (article 7).

The Hospital Act lays down the fundamental principles governing the creation, organization and operation of public hospitals. operation of public hospitals (article 20), while private health establishments shall be created and managed in accordance with the conditions laid down by law (article 21).