WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Use & Misuse of Water-filtered Tobacco Smoking Pipes in the World. Consequences for Public Health, Research & Research Ethics	2015	DIU Tabacologie, Universite Paris XI, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The open medicinal chemistry journal Periodical, Abbrev. Open Med.Chem.J. Pub Date Free Form 27-Feb Volume 9 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 12 Notes LR: 20150412; JID: 101507899; OID: NLM: PMC4384226; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/08/18 [received]; 2014/12/27 [revised]; 2015/01/22 [accepted]; 2015/02/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1874-1045 Accession Number PMID: 25861403 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.2174/1874104501509010001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25861403 Abstract BACKGROUND: The traditional definition of an "epidemic" has been revisited by antismoking researchers. After 400 years, Doctors would have realized that one aspect of an ancient cultural daily practice of Asian and African societies was in fact a "global "epidemic"". This needed further investigation particularly if one keeps in his mind the health aspects surrounding barbecues. METHOD: Here, up-to-date biomedical results are dialectically confronted with anthropological findings, hence in real life, in order to highlight the extent of the global confusion: from the new definition of an "epidemic" and "prevalence" to the myth of "nicotine "addiction"" and other themes in relation to water filtered tobacco smoking pipes (WFTSPs). RESULTS: We found that over the last decade, many publications, -particularly reviews, "meta-analyses" and "systematic reviews"- on (WFTSPs), have actually contributed to fuelling the greatest mix-up ever witnessed in biomedical research. One main reason for such a situation has been the absolute lack of critical analysis of the available literature and the uncritical use of citations (one seriously flawed review has been cited up to 200 times). Another main reason has been to take as granted a biased smoking robot designed at the US American of Beirut whose measured yields of toxic chemicals may differ dozens of times from others' based on the same "protocol". We also found that, for more than one decade, two other main methodological problems are: 1) the long-lived unwillingness to distinguish between use and misuse; 2) the consistent unethical rejection of biomedical negative results which, interestingly, are quantitatively and qualitatively much more instructive than the positive ones. CONCLUSION: the great majority of WFTSP toxicity studies have actually measured, voluntarily or not, their misuse aspects, not the use in itself. This is in contradiction with both the harm reduction and public health doctrines. The publication of negative results should be encouraged instead of being stifled. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150227 PMCID PMC4384226 Editors
Pilot Study of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among US Muslim College Students	2015	Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Ste 1B, Rm 156, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA, carfken@med.wayne.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of religion and health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Relig.Health. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 54 Issue 5 Start Page 1543 Other Pages 1554 Notes JID: 2985199R; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-6571; 0022-4197 Accession Number PMID: 24797155 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10943-014-9871-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24797155 Abstract Waterpipe smoking is common among the young in Muslim-majority countries despite recent Islamic rulings on tobacco. US Muslim college students, especially immigrants, may be at high risk for smoking, but information is lacking. In this pilot study, respondent-driven sampling was used to sample 156 Muslim college students. Waterpipe smoking was common (44.3%). Leading motivations to smoke were social and perceived low tobacco harm. Independent risk factors among the Muslim students were perception that friends and other students smoked, and ever drank alcohol. Personal belief that waterpipe smoking is prohibited in Islam was not significant. This pilot suggests that Muslim students are at high risk for waterpipe smoking and more definitive studies are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Arfken,C.L., Abu-Ras,W., Ahmed,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patterns of combustible tobacco use in U.S. young adults and potential response to graphic cigarette health warning labels	2015	The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: avillanti@legacyforhealth.or	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 42 Issue Start Page 119 Other Pages 125 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: HHSN271201100027C/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/16 [received]; 2014/10/03 [revised]; 2014/11/14 [accepted]; 2014/11/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25437268 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25437268 Abstract In the evolving landscape of tobacco use, it remains unclear how tobacco control efforts should be designed and promoted for maximum impact. The current study links the identification of latent classes of young adult combustible tobacco users with anticipated responses to graphic health warning labels (HWLs). Data were collected in January 2012 using an online address-based panel as part of the Legacy Young Adult Cohort Study, and analyses were conducted in 2013. Latent class analyses identified five groups of tobacco users in a national sample of 4,236 young adults aged 18-34years: (1) little cigar/cigarillo/bidi (LCC) and hookah users (4%); (2) nonusers, open to smoking (3%); (3) daily smokers who self-identify as "smokers" (11%); (4) nondaily, light smokers who self-identify as "social or occasional smokers" (9%); and (5) nonusers closed to smoking (73%). Of the nonusers closed to smoking, 23% may be better characterized as at risk for tobacco initiation. Results indicate differences in the potential effectiveness of HWLs across classes. Compared to the daily "smokers," LCC and hookah users (RRR=2.35) and nonusers closed to smoking (RRR=2.33) were more than twice as likely to report that new graphic HWLs would make them think about not smoking. This study supports the potential of graphic HWLs to prevent young nonusers from using tobacco products. It suggests that the extension of prominent HWLs to other tobacco products, including LCCs and hookah tobacco, may also serve a prevention function. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Villanti,A.C., Pearson,J.L., Cantrell,J., Vallone,D.M., Rath,J.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141121 PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and associated factors among school students in Dubai, 2010: intervention study	2015	Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Primary Health Care, Dubai Hea	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form 2-Feb Volume 20 Issue 12 Start Page 765 Other Pages 773 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; 2013/07/30 [received]; 2014/06/25 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 25664514 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25664514 Abstract Tobacco smoking is an emerging problem among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to measure the prevalence of current tobacco use and its associated factors among school students in Dubai Emirate and to determine the impact of an intervention programme on knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use. A school-based intervention programme was carried out among 2457 students aged 10-20 years and data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Of the students, 14.6% were tobacco users, mostly cigarettes (11.2%) and waterpipes (2.2%). The most common self-reported reasons for smoking were for the experience (29.4%), for stress relief (22.5%) and because their peers smoked (21.9%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of tobacco use were: male, higher age, UAE national, higher school level, government school, low knowledge about tobacco and family history of smoking. There were significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes scores after the health education intervention programme.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Obaid,H.A., Hassan,M.A., Mahdy,N.H., ElDisouky,M.I., Alzarba,F.E., Alnayeemi,S.R., Rillera,M.C., AlMazrooei,B.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150202 PMCID Editors
Awareness and determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adolescents in 2013: a population-based study	2015	School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.; School of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 24 Issue e4 Start Page e264 Other Pages 70 Notes LR: 20160129; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC4717372; OTO: NO Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24827977 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051512 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24827977 Abstract BACKGROUND: A wide range of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are now on the market. We studied e-cigarette awareness and use, determinants and sources of e-cigarettes, the e-liquids used in them and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements among adolescents in Finland. Among smokers, we studied the association of e-cigarette use and interest in smoking cessation. METHOD: Data were obtained from a national survey of 12-18-year-old Finnish adolescents in 2013 (N=3535, response rate 38%). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 85.3% knew what e-cigarettes were; 17.4% had tried them. E-liquids with nicotine were used most often (65.7%); also those who had never tried conventional cigarettes had used them. Of e-cigarette ever users, 8.3% had never tried smoking. Parents' high level of education, being in employment, and intact family protected against children's e-cigarette use. In the final model, daily smoking (OR 41.35; 95% CI 25.2 to 67.8), snus use (2.96; 2.4-4.0), waterpipe use (2.21; 1.6-3.0), children's vocational education (2.06; 1.4-3.1) and poor school performance (1.92; 1.4-3.0) were associated with e-cigarette experimentation. Those smokers with most experience of e-cigarettes were least likely to consider smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness and experimentation with e-cigarettes are high among adolescents, especially in older age groups and boys. Nicotine e-liquids are easy to acquire for youth. Having similar risk factors, e-cigarette use seems to follow the model of conventional smoking initiation. Among adolescent smokers, use of e-cigarettes does not clearly relate to interest in smoking cessation. Preventive policies are needed to protect the youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kinnunen,J.M., Ollila,H., El-Amin,Sel-T., Pere,L.A., Lindfors,P.L., Rimpela,A.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140514 PMCID PMC4717372 Editors
Determinants of childhood lead exposure in the postleaded petrol era: The Tooth Fairy cohort from Newcastle upon Tyne	2015	1] Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK [2] MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.; 1] Institute of Health and Society, Newcas	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 25 Issue 4 Start Page 420 Other Pages 426 Notes JID: 101262796; 0 (Environmental Pollutants); 0 (Gasoline); 2P299V784P (Lead); 2014/06/06 [received]; 2014/09/15 [accepted]; 2014/11/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-064X; 1559-0631 Accession Number PMID: 25407346 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1038/jes.2014.79 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25407346 Abstract Lead is an environmental contaminant causing irreversible health effects in children. We used dentine lead levels as a measure of early-life lead exposure and explored determinants of lead exposure in children living in Newcastle upon Tyne, a historically industrialised UK city, in a cohort born since legislation was introduced to remove lead from petrol, paint and water pipes. The "Tooth Fairy study" cohort comprised 69 children aged 5-8 years. We collected upper deciduous incisors from children and questionnaire data from their parents in 2005. We measured lead levels in pre- and postnatal enamel and dentine using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and assessed associations between dentine lead levels and residential, dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics. Dentine lead levels were low (mean 0.26 mug/g, range 0.06-0.77); however, we observed considerable variability in dentine lead levels within and between children suggestive of differing exposure levels and/or exposure sources across this population. Variables earlier documented to be associated with childhood lead levels were not found to be significant determinants of dentine lead levels in this study. Exposure pathways should continue to be investigated to enable targeted interventions and prevention of lead-induced health impacts in vulnerable populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hodgson,S., Manmee,C., Dirks,W., Shepherd,T., Pless-Mulloli,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141119 PMCID Editors
Factors associated with smoking frequency among current waterpipe smokers in the United States: Findings from the National College Health Assessment II	2015	Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Health Ou	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 359 Other Pages 363 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS693785; OID: NLM: NIHMS693785; OID: NLM: PMC4821569; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/04 [received]; 2015/05/02 [r Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26036602 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26036602 Abstract BACKGROUND: Some waterpipe smokers exhibit nicotine dependent behaviors such as increased use over time and inability to quit, placing them at high risk of adverse health outcomes. This study examines the determinants of dependence by measuring frequency of use among current waterpipe smokers using a large national U.S. METHODS: Data were drawn from four waves (Spring/Fall 2009 and Spring/Fall 2010) of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment datasets. The sample was restricted to students who smoked a waterpipe at least once in the past 30 days (N=19,323). Ordered logistic regression modeled the factors associated with higher frequency of waterpipe smoking. RESULTS: Among current waterpipe smokers, 6% used a waterpipe daily or almost daily (20-29 days). Daily cigarette smokers were at higher odds of smoking a waterpipe at higher frequencies compared with non-smokers of cigarettes (OR=1.81; 95% CI=1.61-2.04). There was a strong association between daily cigar smoking and higher frequency of waterpipe smoking (OR=7.77; 95% CI=5.49-11.02). Similarly, students who used marijuana had higher odds of smoking a waterpipe at higher frequencies (OR=1.57; 95% CI=1.37-1.81). CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumers of other addictive substances are at a higher risk of intensive waterpipe smoking and thus higher risk of waterpipe dependence. Intervention programs must incorporate methods to reduce waterpipe dependence and subsequently prevent its deleterious health effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Haider,M.R., Salloum,R.G., Islam,F., Ortiz,K.S., Kates,F.R., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150521 PMCID PMC4821569 Editors
Waterpipe (shisha) smoking among adolescents in Germany: Results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1)	2015	Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland, b.kuntz@rki.de.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Periodical, Abbrev. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 58 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 467 Other Pages 473 Notes LR: 20160707; JID: 101181368; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1437-1588; 1436-9990 Accession Number PMID: 25665891 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00103-015-2128-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25665891 Abstract BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the 21st century, waterpipe (shisha) smoking has become a new and global youth trend in tobacco consumption. Despite the fact that this type of tobacco use can also lead to serious health problems, there are only a few studies on this topic in Germany. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among 12- to 17-year-old adolescents. Age- and sex-related differences were analyzed and, for the first time in Germany, the association between parental socioeconomic status and waterpipe use was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the first follow-up of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 1), which was conducted from 2009 to 2012. Waterpipe smoking was assessed among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years using three items (n = 4,543). We calculated prevalence rates and age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of waterpipe use was 28.9 % (95 % CI: 26.9-31.0). Approximately one fifth (20.6 %; 95 % CI: 18.8-22.6) of the adolescents reported waterpipe use in the past 12 months, one tenth (10.0 %; 95 % CI: 8.6-11.6) reported current use (at least once during the past 30 days). In both sexes, prevalence increased with age. Waterpipe smoking rates were significantly higher among boys than girls, while no significant differences were found regarding parental socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of adolescents in Germany are at least occasional waterpipe (shisha) smokers. Because of waterpipe related health and addiction risks that are often underestimated by adolescents, specific health education and prevention measures are necessary. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kuntz,B., Lampert,T., KiGGS Study Group Original/Translated Title Wasserpfeifenkonsum (Shisha-Rauchen) bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1) URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of a 12-week moderate intensity interval training program on the antioxidant defense capability and lipid profile in men smoking cigarettes or hookah: a cohort study	2015	Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty SMF, Avenue Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Ibn El Jazzar Medicine Faculty, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4002 So	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full TheScientificWorldJournal Periodical, Abbrev. ScientificWorldJournal Pub Date Free Form Volume 2015 Issue Start Page 639369 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150212; JID: 101131163; 0 (Lipids); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 1.8.1.7 (Glutathione Reductase); H4N855PNZ1 (alpha-Tocopherol); OID: NLM: PMC4310461; 2014/07/25 [received Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1537-744X; 1537-744X Accession Number PMID: 25664340 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1155/2015/639369 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25664340 Abstract AIM: To examine the impact of interval training program on the antioxidant defense capability and lipid profile in men smoking cigarettes or hookah unable or unwilling to quit smoking. METHODS: Thirty-five participants performed an interval training (2 : 1 work : rest ratio) 3 times a week for 12 weeks at an intensity of 70% of VO2max. All subjects were subjected to a biochemical test session before and after the training program. RESULTS: The increase of total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and alpha-tocopherol, is significant only for cigarette smokers (CS) and hookah smokers (HS) groups. The decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the increase of glutathione reductase (GR) are more pronounced in smokers groups compared to those of nonsmokers (NS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increases in NS, CS, and HS groups by 10.1%, 19.5%, and 13.3%, respectively (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koubaa,A., Triki,M., Trabelsi,H., Baati,H., Sahnoun,Z., Hakim,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150114 PMCID PMC4310461 Editors
Toxicant content, physical properties and biological activity of waterpipe tobacco smoke and its tobacco-free alternatives	2015	Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Safety of Pesticides, German	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 24 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page i22 Other Pages i30 Notes LR: 20150319; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R0 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25666550 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051907 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25666550 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe smoking using sweetened, flavoured tobacco products has become a widespread global phenomenon. In this paper, we review chemical, physical and biological properties of waterpipe smoke. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases between 1991 and 2014. Search keywords included a combination of: waterpipe, narghile, hookah, shisha along with names of chemical compounds and classes of compounds, in addition to terms commonly used in cellular biology and aerosol sizing. STUDY SELECTION: The search was limited to articles published in English which reported novel data on waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) toxicant content, biological activity or particle size and which met various criteria for analytical rigour including: method specificity and selectivity, precision, accuracy and recovery, linearity, range, and stability. DATA EXTRACTION: Multiple researchers reviewed the reports and collectively agreed on which data were pertinent for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Waterpipe smoke contains significant concentrations of toxicants thought to cause dependence, heart disease, lung disease and cancer in cigarette smokers, and includes 27 known or suspected carcinogens. Waterpipe smoke is a respirable aerosol that induces cellular responses associated with pulmonary and arterial diseases. Except nicotine, smoke generated using tobacco-free preparations marketed for 'health conscious' users contains the same or greater doses of toxicants, with the same cellular effects as conventional products. Toxicant yield data from the analytical laboratory are consistent with studies of exposure biomarkers in waterpipe users. CONCLUSIONS: A sufficient evidence base exists to support public health interventions that highlight the fact that WTS presents a serious inhalation hazard. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shihadeh,A., Schubert,J., Klaiany,J., El Sabban,M., Luch,A., Saliba,N.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150209 PMCID PMC4345918 Editors

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