WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms in water pipes	1995	Lu, C., Department Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 29 Issue 3 Start Page 881 Other Pages 894 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A mathematical model that accounts for simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms has been developed to predict substantial changes in quality of distributed water. The model consists of a set of mass balance equations for organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, biomass, and disinfectants in the bulk liquid phase and within the biofilm under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. This model is validated by comparing its solutions with the numerical solutions in the literature and then is applied for predicting the behavior of a typical water treatment plant effluent through a distribution pipe. The flow properties and disinfectant consumption rate at the pipe wall play a significant role in the determination of potable water quality in the distribution system. Descriptors ammonia, disinfectant agent, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, organic matter, alkalinity, article, biofilm, biomass, controlled study, effluent, mathematical model, microorganism, priority journal, turbulent flow, water flow, water quality, water transport, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lu,C., Biswas,P., Clark,R. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lead poisoning: Part I	1995		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trauma Periodical, Abbrev. TRAUMA Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 37 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 67 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0564-1470 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The average American ingests about 100 milligrams of lead per day, or about 1.25 ounces per year. That's not enough to cause lead poisoning in the average person facing the average daily exposure, but exposure to toxic levels of lead in the workplace and the home is still a significant problem. Over 900 specific occupations are estimated to involve significant exposure to lead, and thus a potential risk of lead poisoning. Lead is also ubiquitous in the environment: it is found in soil that has absorbed industrial and petrochemical emissions, paint in old buildings, water pipes and even food that has been stored in cans made with lead solder or prepared with tap water. Low-level exposure of lead has been associated with childhood learning disorders and poor performance on intelligence tests. High-level exposure can cause central nervous system disorders, mental impairment, retardation and death. However, the exact level at which lead begins to cause health problems is unknown. The first part of this two-part article describes the clinical picture and diagnosis of acute and chronic lead poisoning, with a particular emphasis on the developmental problems lead exposure causes in children between the ages of one and six years. These are the persons most commonly at risk of ingesting lead, and the victims who suffer the worst consequences of lead exposure. Descriptors lead, adult, case report, child, human, lead poisoning, male, review Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Michael,M. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Respiratory symptoms and environmental factors in schoolchildren in the Bay of Plenty	1995	Eastbay Health, Whakatane.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 8-Sep Volume 108 Issue 1007 Start Page 358 Other Pages 361 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0401067; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0028-8446; 0028-8446 Accession Number PMID: 7566773 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7566773 Abstract AIMS: To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children and to examine associations with environmental factors in the Bay of Plenty. METHODS: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires were distributed to 13-14 year old children and to care-givers of 6-7 year old children as part of the ISAAC study. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received for 2614 primary and 2752 secondary students. Analysis by district showed no consistent association with exposure to industrial emissions from paper mills, natural sulphur fumes, or climatic variation. All districts are subject to high levels of pollen. Symptom prevalence was close to the mean for New Zealand centres participating in the ISAAC survey. Night cough and nasal symptoms were more common in secondary pupils exposed to smoking in the home, but there was no consistent association between passive smoking and wheeze or diagnosed asthma. Children from larger households reported less wheezy symptoms and less diagnosed asthma. CONCLUSIONS: There was no consistent evidence of an effect on respiratory morbidity from natural fumes, industrial air pollution, or climate. The indoor environment is probably of greater importance in this population. Descriptors Adolescent, Air Pollutants/adverse effects, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Cough/epidemiology/etiology, Data Collection, Europe/ethnology, Humans, New Zealand/epidemiology, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Rhinitis/epidemiology/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moyes,C. D., Waldon,J., Ramadas,D., Crane,J., Pearce,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
New polyurethane coated steel pipes for water service	1995	Ohtsuki, F., Japan Steel Water Pipe Association, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 13 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 83 Other Pages 88 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In the field of water service, there has been a strong need for the development of new protective coated steel pipe to which coatings with higher electric insulation resistance and corrosion resistance can be applied safely in a clean working environment. Against this background, the Japan Steel Water Pipe Association (WSP) conducted extensive research in coating materials and undertook performance test, workability test, etc., using various materials. As a result, new polyurethane coated steel pipe which can be easily coated, regardless of its diameter and the shape of fittings, has been developed and the standard WSP 047 (Plastic Coated Steel Pipe for Water Service) established. Descriptors polyurethan, steel, conference paper, Japan, pipeline, tube, water supply, water transport Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ohtsuki,F., Sakumoto,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment of toxic metal exposure following the Camelford water pollution incident: evidence of acute mobilization of lead into drinking water.	1995	Powell, J.J., Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Range Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Analyst Periodical, Abbrev. Analyst Pub Date Free Form / Volume 120 Issue 3 Start Page 793 Other Pages 798 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-2654 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Following the incident of acidic pollution of water by aluminium sulfate centred around Camelford in July 1988, we have carried out a retrospective analysis of the mobilization of toxic metals to residents of the area. An advanced nuclear technique was used to measure trace levels of elements within hair, thus, avoiding surface contamination. In contrast to controls, lead, but no other toxic metals, was consistently found within sections of hair that dated to mid-1988 from four residents; they must, therefore, have consumed this metal around the time of the incident. The source of this lead was probably local water pipe residue, and this was found on analysis to have a matrix specific to such soft-water areas that, prior to the incident, had slowly accumulated certain toxic metals such as cadmium and uranium and particularly lead. Lead is mobilized from such residues by acidic water and could, therefore, have heavily contaminated mains water after the incident. However, analyses of residents' plasma and whole blood, and of urine following a lead-chelation test, showed no evidence of either long-term increased body burdens of toxic metals or depletion of essential elements. In addition, we found no evidence of continued poor water quality in the area. In conclusion, during a short period following the pollution, some residents who consumed mains water would have been acutely exposed to lead and other toxic metals. Prediction of the scale of metal exposure to individuals was not possible owing to heterogeneity of the water distribution network, but long-term effects to residents from lead are not anticipated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Descriptors lead, absorption, accident, adult, article, chemistry, drinking, environmental exposure, female, hair, human, lead poisoning, male, metabolism, methodology, microscopy, middle aged, United Kingdom, water pollution, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Powell,J. J., Greenfield,S. M., Thompson,R. P., Cargnello,J. A., Kendall,M. D., Landsberg,J. P., Watt,F., Delves,H. T., House,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Regional groundwater monitoring and examples of acidification trends in the province of Goteborg and Bohus, southwestern Sweden	1995	Swedberg, S., Prov. Government of Goteborg/Bohus, Department of Environment, Natural Resources, S-403 40 Goteborg, Sweden	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1995/12 Volume 85 Issue 3 Start Page 1843 Other Pages 1848 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Acidification is the most serious threat to the groundwater quality in the province, causing both corrosion on water pipe systems and increased leaching of metals from the ground. The regional groundwater monitoring programme focuses on parameters as pH, alkalinity, sulphate and total aluminium. Sampling is done regularly in 1) natural groundwater springs in the countryside, 2) public water supplies, 3) observation wells in the countryside and 4) observation wells in urban areas. For most of the sites, analysing has been carried out during a time period that is shorter than five years. These sites give valuable information about the general relationship between groundwater acidity and the hydrogeological conditions in the recharge areas. Results from regular sampling of public water supplies have been used for studies of time series. The trends indicate that the hydrogeological conditions are of great importance for how the groundwater responds to acid input. In general, surficial groundwater in Quaternary deposits is more sensitive to acidification than groundwater in crystalline bedrock. One example of progressing groundwater acidification since the early 1970's origins from the water supply at Backamo, 20 km south of Uddevalla. The well is situated at the slope of a delta deposit and water is taken from a depth of 2,5 meters below ground level. During the time period 1970-1994 pH has decreased about 0,2 units and alkalinity about 9 mg HCO3 L-1. The ratio total hardness/alkalinity increased with time. During 1995 the regional groundwater monitoring programme is being reviewed. Descriptors aluminum, ground water, sulfate, acid rain, acidification, alkalinity, conference paper, environmental monitoring, pH, Sweden Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Swedberg,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Status and diet in precontact highland Ecuador	1995	Ubelaker, D.H., Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 97 Issue 4 Start Page 403 Other Pages 411 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0002-9483 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Excavation at the Ecuadorian highland site of La Florida in suburban Quito revealed six deep shaft tombs yielding high-status individuals (n = 9) as well as apparent sacrifices and other low-status individuals (n = 23). Determination of sex and age at death of the recovered skeletal remains resulted in a sample of 32 individuals aged from approximately 7 to 50 years of age. The sample of 18 individuals over the age of 18 years included 14 females and 4 males. Temporally, the remains are assigned to the Chaupicruz Phase (circa 100 to 450 AD) of the Regional Developmental Period. In this study, we analyze stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from human bone in order to compare the diets of the high- and low-status individuals. Stable carbon isotope analyses were carried out on preserved protein and biological apatite (bioapatite), and stable nitrogen isotope analyses were carried out on preserved protein. There is a statistically significant difference in Î´13C between the two groups for both protein and mineral sources of carbon with evidence for the greater consumption of maize in the high-status group. There is no significant difference in Î´15N between the two groups, nor is there a significant difference in the spacing between protein and mineral Î´13C values between the two groups. Ethnohistorical evidence for the 16th century AD provides the expectation that the only dietary difference was the higher consumption of animal protein by the elite. There is no evidence for this based on the bone chemistry data from La Florida. Instead, the isotope data, along with the archaeological evidence, indicate that the major dietary difference during the Chaupicruz Phase was the greater intake of maize by the elite, probably in the form of beer (chicha). Descriptors carbon, collagen, nitrogen, adult, age determination, article, beer, child, diet, Ecuador, female, food intake, human, isotope labeling, maize, male, morphology, protein intake, sex determination, skeleton, social status Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ubelaker,D. H., Katzenberg,M. A., Doyon,L. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Childhood cancer in relation to indicators of magnetic fields from ground current sources.	1995	Wertheimer, N., Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 86 Other Pages 96 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study examines childhood cancer risk in relation to certain factors likely to indicate magnetic field exposure from ground currents in the home. Substantial ground currents are most often found in homes having conductive plumbing, in which an uninterrupted metallic path in the water pipes and water main connects the grounding systems of neighboring houses. Information on plumbing conductivity was obtained from water suppliers for the homes of 347 cases and 277 controls identified in an earlier study of magnetic field exposure and childhood cancer in the Denver area. An increased cancer risk was observed for children in homes with conductive plumbing: The matched odds ratio was 1.72 (1.03-2.88) and increased to 3.00 (1.33-6.76) when analysis was limited to cases and controls who were residentially stable from the reference date to the study date. A measurement metric likely to indicate active ground currents (measurements having above-median intensity and a nonvertical orientation of < 55 degrees from the horizontal) was identified. In contrast to measured field intensity alone, for which only modest associations with cancer have been reported, this metric shows a high and significant cancer risk [matched O.R. = 4.0 (1.6-10.0)] consistent over a range of intensity and angle cutpoints. Such elevated nonvertical fields were also associated with cancer in an independent data set, which was gathered to study adult nonlymphocytic leukemia in the Seattle area. The associations of cancer with conductive plumbing and with this exposure metric both suggest that cancer risk is increased among persons with elevated magnetic field exposure from residential ground currents. Descriptors metal, acute myeloblastic leukemia, adolescent, adult, article, case control study, child, electricity, electromagnetic field, environmental exposure, equipment design, female, housing, human, devices, magnetism, male, radiation injury, risk, risk factor, sanitation, United States, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wertheimer,N., Savitz,D. A., Leeper,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Oesophageal and gastric carcinoma in the Republic of Yemen	1995	Murray-Lyon, I.M., Gastrointestinal Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, London W4 6RF, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full British journal of cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 409 Other Pages 410 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0007-0920 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We conducted a preliminary survey on 3064 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Republic of Yemen, between January and December 1991. The age/sex distribution, demographic features and social habits with respect to cigarette and water-pipe smoking and Qat chewing were compared for patients with oesophageal and gastric cancers (n = 183). A preponderance of women with carcinoma of the mid-oesophagus was noted, previously only recorded in areas of high prevalence. Unlike Western populations, smoking and alcohol consumption were not significant risk factors. A high frequency of Qat chewing and water-pipe smoking was found for both men and women and for a group with tumours of the gastro-oesophageal junction or cardia (Ï‡2 = 2.646, P > 0.05). Numbers were insufficient to identify independent effects of each factor individually. Dietary habits alone were insufficient to account for the excess of affected females. A case-control study is now underway to investigate further the role of dietary factors, social habits, demographic features and Helicobacter pylori infection on the development of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Yemen. Descriptors age, article, cancer risk, Catha edulis, demography, diet, esophagus carcinoma, female, gastrointestinal endoscopy, human, major clinical study, male, priority journal, risk factor, sex ratio, smoking, social behavior, stomach carcinoma, tobacco, Yemen Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Gunaid,A. A., Sumairi,A. A., Shidrawi,R. G., Al-Hanaki,A., Al-Haimi,M., Al-Absi,S., Al-Hureibi,M. A., Qirbi,A. A., Al-Awlagi,S., El-Guneid,A. M., Shousha,S., Murray-Lyon,I. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Benzene emissions in the neighbourhood of filling stations	1995	Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Frankfurt am Main.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Zentralbl.Hyg.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 196 Issue 5 Start Page 416 Other Pages 424 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8912563; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication GERMANY ISSN/ISBN 0934-8859; 0934-8859 Accession Number PMID: 7537043 Language ger SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7537043 Abstract BTXE-Immissions (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were measured in 32 flats in the neighbourhood of 12 filling stations in Frankfurt on the Main. Mean benzene-concentration in the indoor air nearby filling stations was 10.2 micrograms/m3, whereas in reference flats 5.6 micrograms/m3 were measured. Maximum levels were 22.4 micrograms/m3 and 8.0 micrograms/m3. Indoor air levels were slightly higher than outdoor air contaminations. High Toluene-concentrations were not caused by the filling stations but by other commercial enterprises, such as paint shops. Mean ethylbenzene or xylene-concentrations in the neighbourhood of filling stations did not differ from the concentrations measured in the reference flats. Because of the cancerogenicity of benzene the benzene-contaminations in the neighbourhood of filling stations have to be lowered. The newly established German law to prevent gas leakage in filling stations will lead to some improvement in the future. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Germany, Humans, Toluene/analysis, Urban Health, Vehicle Emissions, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heudorf,U., Hentschel,W. Original/Translated Title Benzol-Immissionen in Wohnungen im Umfeld von Tankstellen URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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