WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Evaluation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for the control of biofilms	1997	Walker, J.T., Environmental and Biosafety Services, CAMR, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 35 Issue 12-Nov Start Page 319 Other Pages 323 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A continuous culture chemostat model was used to simulate a flowing water pipe system such as those found in buildings. A primary vessel was set up to grow an inoculum that would represent a water storage tank feeding secondary and tertiary vessels downstream that simulated the water system. Filter-sterilised tap water was used as the growth medium in the continuous culture vessels with no exogenous carbon sources. In addition, the microbial culture consisted of a mixed consortium obtained from a potable water system. Secondary and tertiary vessels enabled the biofilms to be formed before being challenged with appropriate biocides. Even when testing the efficacy of the different biocides, the vessels were still being challenged with the microbial consortium which was constantly flowing from the primary reservoir vessel. This configuration ensured the reproducibility of the model when testing to destruction in the secondary vessels. The flexibility of the system enabled chlorine dioxide to be tested. Descriptors chlorine dioxide, drinking water, tap water, bacterial growth, biofilm, building, chemostat, conference paper, culture medium, disinfection, reproducibility, water quality, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Walker,J. T., Morales,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of water pipelines on the quality of drinking water	1997	Wichrowska, B., ZakÅ‚ad Higieny Komunalnej, PaÅ„stwowy ZakÅ‚ad Higieny, Warszawa.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Roczniki PaÅ„stwowego ZakÅ‚adu Higieny Periodical, Abbrev. Rocz.Panstw.Zakl.Hig. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 48 Issue 4 Start Page 415 Other Pages 423 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0035-7715 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of various pipelines on drinking water quality. For the study carried out in Warsaw buildings were chosen in which the installations were made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, copper and steel. Water samples were taken from the sites of water leading to the buildings and from the highest floors, if possible. Physicochemical studies included determination of turbidity, colour, odour, pH, hardness, chlorides, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, oxidation, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content. Bacteriological tests included determination of total microorganism count at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C, total number of sporing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hydro-biological testing of water samples included quantitative and qualitative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic plant and animal organisms. All studies were carried out according to Polish Standards and the methods of the State Institute of Hygiene. The results of the physicochemical, bacteriological and hydro-biological tests failed to show any effect of the material of pipelines on the quality of drinking water in the range of the determined parameters. Descriptors metal, article, materials testing, microbiology, Poland, quality control, sanitation, standard, water pollutant, water supply Links Book Title WpÅ‚yw przewodÃ³w wodociagowych na jakoÅ›Ä‡ wody do picia. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wichrowska,B., ZyciÅ„ski,D., Krogulska,B., Szlachta,R., Ranke-Rybicka,B., KozÅ‚owski,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Barrier role of water-purifying construction of water pipe in relation to opportunistic microorganisms	1997	Zhuravlev, P.V.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gigiena i sanitariia Periodical, Abbrev. Gig.Sanit. Pub Date Free Form / Volume Issue 4 Start Page 15 Other Pages 16 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0016-9900 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The investigations have indicated that in the flood period when the water-purifying means of a water pipe bears the maximum load, the existing water-preparing system cannot fully purify and disinfect drinking water from some opportunistic microbes (Klebsiella, Acinetobacter). The latter were recorded in the pipe water having the MAC of coliform organisms established by the GOST. Descriptors article, microbiology, opportunistic infection, standard, water supply Links Book Title Bar'ernaia rol' vodoochistnykh sooruzhenii vodoprovoda v otnoshenii uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Zhuravlev,P. V., Golovina,S. V., Aleshnia,V. V., Tsatska,A. A., Kartseva,N. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of Scotchbond Multipurpose and maleic acid as alternative methods of bonding orthodontic brackets	1997	Orthodontic Department, Indiana University, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 111 Issue 5 Start Page 498 Other Pages 501 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 8610224; 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Maleates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose); 0 (System 1 plus); 91XW058U2C (maleic acid); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0889-5406; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 9155808 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI S0889-5406(97)70286-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9155808 Abstract Damage to the enamel surface during bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets is a clinical concern. Alternative bonding methods that minimize enamel surface damage while maintaining a clinically useful bond strength is an aim of current research. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on bond strength and bracket failure location of two adhesives (System 1+ and Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M Dental Products Division) and two enamel conditioners (37% phosphoric acid and 10% maleic acid). Forty-eight freshly extracted human premolars were pumiced and divided into four groups of 12 teeth, and metal orthodontic brackets were attached to the enamel surface by one of four protocols: (1) System 1+ and phosphoric acid, (2) Scotchbond and phosphoric acid, (3) System 1+ and maleic acid, and (4) Scotchbond and maleic acid. After bracket attachment, the teeth were mounted in phenolic rings and stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. A Zwick universal testing machine (Zwick GmbH & Co.) was used to determine shear bond strengths. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was evaluated with the Adhesive Remnant Index. The analysis of variance was used to compare the four groups. Significance was predetermined at p < or = 0.05. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in bond strength among the four groups (p = 0.386). The results of the Chi square test, evaluating the residual adhesives on the enamel surfaces, revealed significant differences among the four groups (mean 2 = 0.005). A Duncan multiple range test revealed the difference occurred between the phosphoric acid and maleic acid groups, with maleic acid having bond failures at the enamel-adhesive interface. In conclusion, the use of Scotchbond Multipurpose and/or maleic acid does not significantly effect bond strength, however, the use of maleic acid resulted in an unfavorable bond failure location. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/adverse effects, Analysis of Variance, Bicuspid, Dental Bonding/adverse effects, Dental Debonding/adverse effects, Dental Enamel/injuries/ultrastructure, Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Equipment Failure, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Maleates/chemistry, Materials Testing/instrumentation, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Olsen,M. E., Bishara,S. E., Damon,P., Jakobsen,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Results of limited initial periodontal therapy in smokers and non-smokers	1997	Division of Periodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 68 Issue 9 Start Page 851 Other Pages 856 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 9379329 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.1997.68.9.851 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9379329 Abstract Eighty-seven adult patients (54 non-smokers and 33 smokers) with moderate to advanced periodontitis were treated with 1-hour full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planing, with no maintenance recalls, during this 9-month study. Clinical parameters assessed at target sites included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index. Data were collected at baseline, and 3, 6, and 9 months. Baseline probing depth for non-smokers was 5.46 +/- .46 mm and for smokers 5.70 +/- 0.66 mm. Data analysis (t test) revealed that both non-smokers and smokers had a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in probing depth at 3 months which was maintained throughout the study. At 9 months non-smokers maintained a mean decrease in probing depth of 0.60 mm and smokers a mean decrease of 0.65 mm. Both smokers and non-smokers displayed a significant gain (P < 0.05) in clinical attachment level after initial therapy when compared to baseline readings. At 9 months the mean gain in clinical attachment level for non-smokers was 0.47 mm and 0.59 mm for smokers. Plaque index scores remained consistent for smokers and non-smokers for the duration of the study. The gingival index at baseline was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in smokers (1.32 +/- 0.45) than non-smokers (1.45 +/- 0.40). By 9 months only the gingival index of non-smokers decreased significantly compared to baseline (1.26 +/- 0.37). Bleeding on probing was a prerequisite for target sites at baseline. At 9 months both smokers (0.67 +/- 0.39) and non-smokers (0.78 +/- 0.30) had a significant decrease in bleeding on probing compared to baseline. At 9 months there were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers comparing probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and gingival index. The data have shown that smokers and non-smokers responded similarly after 9 months to the limited amount of initial therapy provided. Descriptors Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/therapy, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/therapy, Periodontitis/therapy, Root Planing, Smoking/adverse effects, Subgingival Curettage Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pucher,J. J., Shibley,O., Dentino,A. R., Ciancio,S. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1997	Rahman, A., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 44 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 339 Other Pages 360 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0167-6369 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply. It also leads to the input of sewage water into the groundwater. The problem is seriously acute in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent. This paper examines the problem of water contamination in Karachi. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contain coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The health hazards from consuming such contaminated water are obvious. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practiced, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, ground water, heavy metal, nickel, well water, city, coliform bacterium, conference paper, nonhuman, Pakistan, population growth, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water standard, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A., Lee,H. K., Khan,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
MR imaging of the central nervous system in diving-related decompression illness	1997	Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Radiol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 38 Issue 6 Start Page 940 Other Pages 944 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 8706123; ppublish Place of Publication DENMARK ISSN/ISBN 0284-1851; 0284-1851 Accession Number PMID: 9394646 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9394646 Abstract PURPOSE: This investigation was conducted to determine whether MR imaging showed cerebral or spinal damage in acute diving-related decompression illness, a term that includes decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 16 divers with dysbaric injuries were examined after the initiation of therapeutic recompression. Their injuries comprised: neurological DCS II n = 8; AGE n = 7; combined cerebral-AGE/spinal-DCS n = 1. T1- and T2-weighted images of the brain were obtained in 2 planes. In addition, the spinal cord was imaged in 7 subjects. The imaging findings were correlated with the neurological symptoms. RESULTS: MR images of the head showed ischemic cerebrovascular lesions in 6/8 patients with AGE but showed focal hyperintensities in only 2/8 divers with DCS. Spinal cord involvement was detected in 1/7 examinations, which was the combined cerebral-AGE/spinal-DCS case. There was agreement between the locations of the documented lesions and the clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION: MR readily detects cerebral damage in AGE but yields low sensitivity in DCS. A negative MR investigation cannot rule out AGE or DCS. However, MR is useful in the examination of patients with decompression illness. Descriptors Adult, Barotrauma/diagnosis, Brain Diseases/diagnosis, Brain Edema/diagnosis, Brain Ischemia/diagnosis, Cerebellar Diseases/diagnosis, Cerebral Cortex/pathology, Decompression Sickness/diagnosis, Diving/injuries, Embolism, Air/diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Image Enhancement, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pons/pathology, Retrospective Studies, Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Reuter,M., Tetzlaff,K., Hutzelmann,A., Fritsch,G., Steffens,J. C., Bettinghausen,E., Heller,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of tooth-related factors on the shear bond strengths obtained with CO2 laser conditioning of enamel	1997	Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Australian Dental Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 42 Issue 2 Start Page 81 Other Pages 84 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370612; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication AUSTRALIA ISSN/ISBN 0045-0421; 0045-0421 Accession Number PMID: 9153834 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9153834 Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are capable of producing surface irregularities in human enamel which resemble those resulting from etching of enamel with orthophosphoric acid. This report presents the results of a laboratory study which examined the effect of selected tooth-related variables on shear bond strength between a current generation bonding agent (Scotchbond MultiPurpose) and acid-etched or laser-conditioned human enamel. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between human maxillary central incisor teeth, first premolars, and third molars in either the acid etch or laser-conditioned groups. Polishing of enamel to give a flat surface increased the shear bond strength obtained with acid etching, but did not alter significantly bond strengths achieved with laser conditioning. There was a tendency for a higher bond strength with acid etching, but not with laser conditioning, in porcine molar enamel compared with human molar and bovine incisor enamel. In terms of the mode of operation of the laser, the repetitively pulsed mode resulted in a two-fold improvement in shear bond strength compared with the single pulse mode. These results indicate that shear bond strengths in the order of 10 MPa can be obtained reliably on human teeth using laser conditioning with pulsed modes in the absence of any other preparation of the natural enamel surface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Bicuspid, Carbon Dioxide, Cattle, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Dental Prophylaxis, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Humans, Incisor, Lasers, Molar, Phosphoric Acids, Resin Cements, Species Specificity, Swine, Tensile Strength, Tooth Preparation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shahabi,S., Brockhurst,P. J., Walsh,L. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Reactive oxygen species formation in peripheral blood neutrophils in different types of smokers	1997	Khanduja, K.L., Postgraduate Institute, Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indian Journal of Medical Research Periodical, Abbrev. Indian J.Med.Res. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 106 Issue NOV. Start Page 475 Other Pages 480 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0971-5916 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The present study was envisaged to assess the state of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, recovered from smokers (cigarette, beedi, hookah and mixed products) and non-smokers. Superoxide anion (O2Ì‡-) production was significantly higher in neutrophils from all groups of smokers (P < 0.001). Total leukocyte count (TLC) was significantly more in symptomatic subjects among the cigarette, hookah and mixed smokers (P < 0.05). Total neutrophil count (TNC) was significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects of hookah and mixed smoking groups (P < 0.05). In the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers, the role of leukocytosis, increased neutrophil sequestration into the lung, increased neutrophil toxic oxygen species including superoxide release in the lung may cause direct injury to lung tissues. Descriptors reactive oxygen metabolite, superoxide, adult, aerobic metabolism, aged, article, blood, chronic obstructive lung disease, smoking, controlled study, female, human, leukocyte count, leukocytosis, lung injury, lung sequestration, major clinical study, male, neutrophil, oxygen poisoning, pathogenesis, smoking habit, statistical analysis, symptom, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sharma,R. N., Deva,C., Behera,D., Khanduja,K. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Field application of acid mist to a single clone of Sitka spruce: Effects on foliar nutrition and frost hardiness	1997	Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1997/11 Volume 98 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 184 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trees (> 2.5 m tall) belonging to a single clone of physiologically mature Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), growing in a base rich agricultural loam, were treated approximately twice weekly with acid mist (pH 2.5) over three consecutive growing seasons. The treatment consisted of acid mist containing H+, NH4+, NO3- and SO42- in equimolar concentrations (1.6 mol m-3) identical to that used in previous open-top chamber (OTC) studies with seedlings and grafted cuttings. The acid mist supplied approximately 48 kg N and 51 kg S ha-1 year -1 and 3.3 kg H ha-1 year-1. Treated trees were surrounded by a framework which supported temporary blinds, positioned only during the spray treatment. Control trees received no treatment. Groups of four trees were assigned to one of five height classes, to take account of a gradient in height across the site, and these groups were treated as units of replication. Shoot frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for comparison with previous OTC studies. Tree size, which initially was positively correlated with differences in nutrient status (N, P, S and K), exerted a significant effect on the frost hardiness response to acid mist. Acid mist had a negative effect on frost hardiness only in the smallest trees, and only when the trees were already hardy to -20Â°C and treatment applications were regular and continuous up to sampling. There was no evidence of foliar mediated affects such as enhanced ion leakage rates and substantially elevated foliar S concentrations which typified OTC exposures. The usefulness of these variables with respect to monitoring field effects of acid mist is discussed together with the importance of different environmental factors which appear to control tree response in the field. Descriptors ammonia, nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, proton, sulfate, sulfur, acid rain, air pollution, article, cold tolerance, controlled study, nebulization, nonhuman, nutrition, pH, pine Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheppard,L. J., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Wilson,D., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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