WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Tobacco use among high school students--United States, 1997	1998		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Apr Volume 47 Issue 12 Start Page 229 Other Pages 233 Notes LR: 20080214; JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0149-2195; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 9572629 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9572629 Abstract Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Approximately 80% of tobacco use occurs for the first time among youth aged <18 years, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescents increased during the early 1990s. To determine prevalence rates of cigarette, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff), and cigar use for U.S. high school students, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students increased from 27.5% in 1991 to 36.4% in 1997 and that, in 1997, 42.7% of students used cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars during the 30 days preceding the survey. Descriptors Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Plants, Toxic, Prevalence, Schools, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A comparison of surface roughness and composite/enamel bond strength of human enamel following the application of the Nd:YAG laser and etching with phosphoric acid	1997	Department of Dental Medicine and Surgery, University Dental Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials Periodical, Abbrev. Dent.Mater. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 51 Other Pages 55 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8508040; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 129037-92-9 (Brilliant Dentin resin); 130037-96-6 (Pekalux); 2I87U3734A (Neodymium); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0109-5641; 0109-5641 Accession Number PMID: 9467323 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9467323 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate enamel morphology after laser etching and acid etching and to determine the shear bond strength of composite to acid-etched and laser-treated enamel. METHODS: Enamel from freshly extracted permanent molar teeth was subjected to either laser treatment with an Nd:YAG laser in different laser parameters or was exposed to 37% phosphoric acid for 60 s (Gluma Gel, Bayer Dental). Surface profile analysis of the enamel was undertaken with a Perthometer (S8P, Feinpruif). The results were analyzed by SPSS/PC multiple range test and Student-Newman Keuls procedure. Specimens were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shear bond strengths of acid-etched and laser-etched enamel/composite (Brilliant Dentin, Coltene AG and Pekalux, Bayer Dental) were also determined. These results were compared by SPSS/PC multiple range test. RESULTS: The acid-etched specimens exhibited a qualitatively different type of enamel surface morphology when compared with the laser-treated specimens. Laser treatment at higher exposures resulted in the formation of microcracks and fissures. No significant difference in surface roughness was observed between laser-treated enamel in three different parameters (10 pps, 0.8 W; 15 pps, 1.0 W; 20 pps, 1.25 W) and acid-etched specimens. However, the mean bond strengths of all laser-treated specimens, regardless of the test parameters, were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the acid-etched enamel specimens. SIGNIFICANCE: Although the laser roughened the surface of the enamel, it did not provide a surface as retentive as a surface treated with conventional acid etching. It is concluded from this study that the Nd:YAG laser operated under the conditions described cannot be recommended as a viable alternative to acid etching. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Enamel/drug effects/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Lasers/adverse effects, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Neodymium, Phosphoric Acids/pharmacology, Resin Cements, Surface Properties/drug effects/radiation effects, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ariyaratnam,M. T., Wilson,M. A., Mackie,I. C., Blinkhorn,A. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relationship between maximal expiratory flow and increases of maximal exercise capacity with exercise training	1997	Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, TX 75231, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 156 Issue 1 Start Page 116 Other Pages 121 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: AG-11805/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9421642; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1073-449X; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 9230734 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9511021 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9230734 Abstract We previously reported that patients with mild to moderate airflow limitation have a lower exercise capacity than age-matched controls with normal lung function, but the mechanism of this reduction remains unclear (1). Although the reduced exercise capacity appeared consistent with deconditioning, the patients had altered breathing mechanics during exercise, which raised the possibility that the reduced exercise capacity and the altered breathing mechanics may have been causally related. Reversal of reduced exercise capacity by an adequate exercise training program is generally accepted as evidence of deconditioning as the cause of the reduced exercise capacity. We studied 11 asymptomatic volunteer subjects (58 +/- 8 yr of age [mean +/- SD]) selected to have a range of lung function (FEV1 from 61 to 114% predicted, with a mean of 90 +/- 18% predicted). Only one subject had an FEV1 of less than 70% predicted. Gas exchange and lung mechanics were measured during both steady-state and maximal exercise before and after training for 30 min/d on 3 d/wk for 10 wk, beginning at the steady-state workload previously determined to be the maximum steady-state exercise level that subjects could sustain for 30 min without exceeding 90% of their observed maximal heart rate (HR). The training workload was increased if the subject's HR decreased during the training period. After 10 wk, subjects performed another steady-state exercise test at the initial pretraining level, and another maximal exercise test. HR decreased significantly between the first and second steady-state exercise tests (p < 0.05), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilation increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the incremental test, indicating a training effect. However, the training effect did not occur in all subjects. Relationships between exercise parameters and lung function were examined by regression against FEV1 expressed as percent predicted. There was a significant positive correlation between VO2max percent predicted and FEV1 percent predicted (p < 0.02), and a negative correlation between FEV1 and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) at maximal exercise (p < 0.03). There was no significant correlation between FEV1 and maximal HR achieved during exercise; moreover, all subjects achieved a maximal HR in excess of 80% predicted, suggesting a cardiovascular limitation to exercise. These data do not support the hypothesis that the lower initial VO2max in the subjects with a reduced FEV1 was due to deconditioning. Although increased EELV at maximal exercise, reduced VO2max and a reduced VO2max response with training are all statistically associated with a reduced FEV1, there is no direct evidence of causality. Descriptors Case-Control Studies, Exercise Tolerance, Forced Expiratory Volume, Functional Residual Capacity, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/physiopathology, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Ventilation, Vital Capacity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Babb,T. G., Long,K. A., Rodarte,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Epidemiology of bladder cancer in Alexandria, Egypt: Tobacco smoking	1997	La Vecchia, C., Ricerche Farmacol. Inst. 'M. Negri', 20157 Milan, Italy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 73 Issue 1 Start Page 64 Other Pages 67 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0020-7136 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The relationship between smoking and bladder cancer risk was investigated using data from a case-control study conducted between January 1994 and July 1996 in Alexandria, Egypt. Cases were 151 males with incident, histologically confirmed invasive cancer of the bladder, and controls were 157 males admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-urinary tract, non-smoking-related conditions. With reference to never smokers, ex-smokers had a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 4.4 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.7- [1.7] and current smokers of 6.6 (95% Cl 3.1-13.9). The ORs were 5.4 for 40 years), and inversely related to age at starting (OR of 8.8 for starting <20 years), and inversely related to time since quitting smoking. Compared with never smokers who did not report a clinical history of schistosomiasis, the OR was 9.4 for smokers with a history of schistosomiasis, and 10.7 for smokers ever employed in high-risk occupations compared with non-smokers not reporting such a history. Thus, our results, while not giving indications of an increased bladder cancer risk with habits other than cigarette smoking, found a remarkably strong association with various measures of cigarette smoking that could explain 75% of bladder cancer cases among males from Alexandria. The prevalence of smoking was very low among women, and consequently tobacco was not a relevant risk factor for female bladder cancer. Descriptors article, bladder cancer, cancer epidemiology, cancer risk, controlled study, Egypt, human, major clinical study, male, priority journal, risk factor, smoking Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bedwani,R., El-Khwsky,F., Renganathan,E., Braga,C., Abu Seif,H. H., Azm,T. A., Zaki,A., Franceschi,S., Boffetta,P., La Vecchia,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionellosis: clinical and epidemiological data	1997	Berbecar, S., Institutul de Medicina Aeronautica.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bacteriologia, Virusologia, Parazitologia, Epidemiologia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990) Periodical, Abbrev. Bacteriol.Virusol.Parazitol.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 42 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 103 Other Pages 106 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1220-3696 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Legionellosis is a contagious disease occurring either sporadically or more frequently in outbreaks, the infections being caused by members of the family Legionellaceae. The disease may show two clinical forms, i.e.: 1) the pneumonic form characterized by fever, pulmonary, neurologic and often hepatic and renal affections, severe evolution and high mortality rate; and 2) non-pneumonic form similar to influenza infection. Occurrence of the disease was mentioned almost all over the world its incidence in Europe reaching 1-3%. The infection sources are: warm water supply systems of hospitals, hotels etc.; water cooling towers, humidifier of air-conditioning systems, disperses for therapeutically applied aerosols, water sprinkling equipment, etc. Incubation period of the disease is 2-10 days. The factors favoring infection have to be looked for with all the conditions generating a decrease in activity of immunization system. Disease control steps through eliminating infection sources: water hyperchlorination, increase of water temperature in water supply systems at 60 degrees C for short periods, detachment of non-functional water pipes from the main trunk line. Occurrence of legionellosis is monitored by both active and passive means applied within the country and on an international level through the Reference Centres for Legionellosis. Descriptors article, health, human, incidence, legionnaire disease, prevalence Links Book Title Legioneloza: date clinice ÅŸi epidemiologice. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Berbecar,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biogeochemical cycling in coniferous ecosystems on different aged marine terraces in Coastal Oregon	1997	Bockheim, J.G., Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1299, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1997/01 Volume 26 Issue 1 Start Page 292 Other Pages 301 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Biogeochemical cycling was studied in Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] and western hemlock-Douglas-fir [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.-Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] ecosystems on a chronosequence of five uplifted marine terraces in coastal Oregon. The terraces occur 0.25 to 8.6 km from the Pacific Ocean and range from 80 to ~ 500 kyr in age. The soils are highly weathered and include Inceptisols on the youngest terrace and Spodosols with clay-enriched horizons and Ultisols on the older terraces. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, and soil solutions (four depths) were collected monthly from November 1992 through April 1993. The solutions were analyzed for pH, dissolved cartons (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Al, and Si), anions (Cl, SO4, HCO3, NO3, and PO4), and organic C. Cations (Î¼mol, L-1) in all solutions were ranked: Na > Mg > Ca â‰¤ K > H; anions were ranked: Cl > SO4 > NO3 >> HCO3. The Na/Cl ratio in all solutions was comparable to that of seawater. The mean sums of cations and anions in all solutions declined sharply with distance from the coast. Throughfall enrichment of all ions suggests that aerosol impaction of sea salts is a dominant process within the coastal fogbelt of Oregon. In that the soils have low inherent fertility, the trees appear to obtain Ca, Mg, K, and S primarily from atmospheric sources. These nutrients are utilized by abundant fine roots in the forest floor and upper 5 to 20 cm of mineral soil. Net cation loss is less than in other areas of the Pacific Northwest and is controlled by organic anions rather than the bicarbonate anion. Descriptors anion, carbon, cation, article, clay, ecosystem, seashore, soil, tree, United States Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bockheim,J. G., Langley-Turnbaugh,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cessation related perceptions and behavior of former and current smokeless tobacco users	1997	Department of Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of American college health : J of ACH Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Coll.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 46 Issue 3 Start Page 133 Other Pages 138 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8214119; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0744-8481; 0744-8481 Accession Number PMID: 9394091 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/07448489709595599 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9394091 Abstract Four hundred fourteen former and 73 current users of smokeless tobacco were questioned about their experiences in giving up smokeless tobacco. Their responses were compared with those of 463 ex-smokers to determine whether former smokeless tobacco users differed from former smokers in using specific cessation techniques. Of the smokeless tobacco users, 77% were interested in quitting, but only 7% wanted to quit "now." Seven percent of the daily users reported that a college-based health or fitness professional had advised them to quit. Former smokeless tobacco users were significantly more likely than former smokers to report that smoking cigarettes was related to their efforts to give up smokeless tobacco than former smokers were to report using smokeless tobacco as a strategy to stop smoking, Former smokeless tobacco users were also significantly more likely than former smokers to report current tobacco use. Smokeless tobacco cessation programs based on the transtheoretical approach to behavior change are recommended. Descriptors Adult, Data Collection, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Plants, Toxic, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods, Students/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chakravorty,B., Chakravorty,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Magnetic resonance findings in scuba diving-related spinal cord decompression sickness	1997	Institute of Radiology P. Cignolini, University of Palermo, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Magma (New York, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. MAGMA Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 115 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9310752; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0968-5243; 0968-5243 Accession Number PMID: 9268074 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9268074 Abstract Scuba diving is associated with risk of severe decompression sickness (DCS type II), which results from rapid reduction of the environmental pressure sufficient to cause the formation into tissue or blood of inert gas bubbles previously loaded within tissues as a soluble phase. DCS type II constitutes a unique subset of ischemic insults to the central nervous system (CNS) with primarily involvement of the spinal cord. Ten patients with diving-related barotrauma underwent neurologic examination. Two of them presented progressive sensory and motor loss in the extremities at admission and were presumed affected by spinal cord DCS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated abnormalities in the white-matter tracts of the spinal cord in these patients, in each case corresponding to an area of the cord believed to be clinically involved. After a course of therapeutic recompressions, one patient was able to stand and walk a short distance, and MRI revealed a decreased extension of areas of spinal cord abnormalities. MRI has proved to be reliable in the detection of pathologic changes of spinal cord decompression sickness that were previously undetectable by other neuroimaging methods and also has proved to be useful in the follow-up during therapeutic hyperbaric recompressions. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Decompression Sickness/diagnosis/etiology/pathology, Diving/adverse effects, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Male, Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sparacia,G., Banco,A., Sparacia,B., Midiri,M., Brancatelli,G., Accardi,M., Lagalla,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association between cigarette smoking and periodontal health	1997	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. Quintessence Int. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 28 Issue 8 Start Page 535 Other Pages 539 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0342677; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0033-6572; 0033-6572 Accession Number PMID: 9477881 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9477881 Abstract The oral hygiene and periodontal status of smokers and nonsmokers were assessed and compared. Northern Jordanian adults, aged between 20 and 60 years, (998 subjects; 45% smokers and 55% nonsmokers) were asked for details of their personal data and smoking habits. Their oral hygiene and periodontal status was determined by using the Plaque Index and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Oral hygiene was poor in both smokers and nonsmokers; however, plaque and calculus scores were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to gingival bleeding on probing or shallow or deep pocketing. Descriptors Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Humans, Jordan, Middle Aged, Oral Health, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Index, Smoking/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Taani,D. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prospective study of effect of switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars on mortality from three smoking related diseases	1997	Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's, London.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ (Clinical research ed.) Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Pub Date Free Form 28-Jun Volume 314 Issue 7098 Start Page 1860 Other Pages 1863 Notes LR: 20081120; JID: 8900488; 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); CIN: ACP J Club. 1998 Jan-Feb;128(1):18; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):862. PMID: 9549471; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):862; author reply 863-4. PMID: 9549472; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134) Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0959-8138; 0959-535X Accession Number PMID: 9224127 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9224127 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which cigarette smokers who switch to cigars or pipes alter their risk of dying of three-smoking related diseases-lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease. DESIGN: A prospective study of 21520 men aged 35-64 years when recruited in 1975-82 with detailed history of smoking and measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Notification of deaths (to 1993) classified by cause. RESULTS: Pipe and cigar smokers who had switched from cigarettes over 20 years before entry to the study smoked less tobacco than cigarette smokers (8.1 g/day v 20 g/day), but they had the same consumption as pipe and cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes (8.1 g) and had higher carboxyhaemoglobin saturations (1.2% v 1.0%, P < 0.001), indicating that they inhaled tobacco smoke to a greater extent. They had a 51% higher risk of dying of the three smoking related diseases than pipe or cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes (relative risk 1.51; 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 2.38), a 68% higher risk than lifelong non-smokers (1.68; 1.16 to 2.45), a 57% higher risk than former cigarette smokers who gave up smoking over 20 years before entry (1.57; 1.04 to 2.38), and a 46% lower risk than continuing cigarette smokers (0.54; 0.38 to 0.77). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smokers who have difficulty in giving up smoking altogether are better off changing to cigars or pipes than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Much of the effect is due to the reduction in the quantity of tobacco smoked, and some is due to inhaling less. Men who switch do not, however, achieve the lower risk of pipe and cigar smokers who have never smoked cigarettes. All pipe and cigar smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer than lifelong non-smokers or former smokers. Descriptors Adult, Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis, Choice Behavior, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/mortality, Lung Neoplasms/mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia/mortality, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking/mortality/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wald,N. J., Watt,H. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2126967 Editors

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