WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Nargile smoking keeps Arabs in Wonderland	2000		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 2000/09 Volume 356 Issue 9236 Start Page 1175 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0140-6736 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Arab, health education, health hazard, human, Lebanon, leisure, lifestyle, priority journal, short survey, smoking, smoking cessation, smoking habit, social life, socialization Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kandela,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use and abuse of licit and illicit substances: prevalence and risk factors among students in Lebanon	2000	Department of Psychiatry, St. George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. egkaram@dm.net.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European addiction research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Addict.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 6 Issue 4 Start Page 189 Other Pages 197 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9502920; 0 (Street Drugs); ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1022-6877; 1022-6877 Accession Number PMID: 11124572 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 52045 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11124572 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study aims at examining the patterns of 'substance' use in Lebanon among an 'at risk' population, the university students. METHOD: A stratified cluster sample of 1,851 students from two major universities was included in the study and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (version 3) was administered. RESULTS: The prevalence of nicotine users in the sample was 18.3% and of ever consuming alcohol 49.4%. 2.1% of the sample were alcohol abusers and 2.4% alcohol dependents according to DSM-III criteria. For the remaining substances, tranquilizers were found to have the highest rate of ever use (10.2%), whereas heroin had the lowest rate (0.4%); the rates of abuse and dependence in these categories (other than alcohol and nicotine) following DSM-III criteria ranged from 0.1 to 0.8%. CONCLUSION: University students in Lebanon in this study have relatively low rates of use and abuse of substances but this might be changing. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Alcoholism/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Street Drugs, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karam,E., Melhem,N., Mansour,C., Maalouf,W., Saliba,S., Chami,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The possible role of contact current in cancer risk associated with residential magnetic fields.	2000	Kavet, R., EPRI, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 538 Other Pages 553 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Residential electrical wiring safety practices in the US result in the possibility of a small voltage (up to a few tenths of a volt) on appliance surfaces with respect to water pipes or other grounded surfaces. This "open circuit voltage" (V(OC)) will cause "contact current" to flow in a person who touches the appliance and completes an electrical circuit to ground. This paper presents data suggesting that contact current due to V(OC) is an exposure that may explain the reported associations of residential magnetic fields with childhood leukemia. Our analysis is based on a computer model of a 40 house (single-unit, detached dwelling) neighborhood with electrical service that is representative of US grounding practices. The analysis was motivated by recent research suggesting that the physical location of power lines in the backyard, in contrast to the street, may be relevant to a relationship of power lines with childhood leukemia. In the model, the highest magnetic field levels and V(OC)s were both associated with backyard lines, and the highest V(OC)s were also associated with long ground paths in the residence. Across the entire neighborhood, magnetic field exposure was highly correlated with V(OC) (r = 0.93). Dosimetric modeling indicates that, compared to a very high residential level of a uniform horizontal magnetic field (10 mu T) or a vertical electric field (100 V/m), a modest level of contact current (approximately 18 mu A) leads to considerably greater induced electric fields (> 1 mV/m) averaged across tissue, such as bone marrow and heart. The correlation of V(OC) with magnetic fields in the model, combined with the dose estimates, lead us to conclude that V(OC) is a potentially important exposure with respect to childhood leukemia risks associated with residential magnetic fields. These findings, nonetheless, may not apply to residential service used in several European countries or to the Scandinavian studies concerned with populations exposed to magnetic fields from overhead transmission lines. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors article, biological model, child, comparative study, electromagnetic field, human, leukemia, radiation injury, radiometry, risk factor, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R., Zaffanella,L. E., Daigle,J. P., Ebi,K. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water-pipe smoking and pulmonary functions	2000	Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Chest Department, Izmir, Turkey. kiter@superonline.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 94 Issue 9 Start Page 891 Other Pages 894 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 8908438; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0954-6111; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 11001082 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0954-6111(00)90859-X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11001082 Abstract Water-pipe smoking is a type of smoking habit, widely encountered in Turkey and Arabic and Middle East countries. However there is limited data about the effects of water-pipe smoking. The aim of this study is to investigate this habit with regard to the duration and amount of smoking and to analyse its characteristics and effects on pulmonary function by the correlation of the results with those of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. All cafes in Izmir city were visited for this purpose. A total of 397 males were studied in four groups: water-pipe smokers, water-pipe smokers who used to smoke cigarettes, active cigarette smokers and non-smokers. After recording a detailed history of smoking, pulmonary function tests on each person were performed. There were statistically significant differences between cigarette smokers and non-smokers within most of the parameters. The results of recent study have shown that the detrimental effects on pulmonary function of water-pipe smoking are not as great as cigarette smoking (FEV1, FEV1/FVC parameters were higher in water-pipe smokers), especially on the parameters for small airways (FEF50, MMEF parameters were higher in water-pipe smokers) (P < 0.05). It is difficult to explain the reasons exactly without estimating possible mechanisms in detail, but the most likely mechanisms arise from the smoking technique itself which involves a water filter and a long spout through which the smoke passes before reaching the lungs. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology, Humans, Life Style, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/etiology/physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, Smoking/adverse effects/physiopathology, Turkey, Vital Capacity/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kiter,G., Ucan,E. S., Ceylan,E., Kilinc,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterization of Sphingomonas isolates from Finnish and Swedish drinking water distribution systems	2000	Koskinen, R., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Veterinary Sci., Pharmacology and Toxicology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 89 Issue 4 Start Page 687 Other Pages 696 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1364-5072 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Sphingomonas Species were commonly isolated from biofilms in drinking water distribution systems in Finland (three water meters) and Sweden (five water taps in different buildings). The Sphingomonas isolates (n = 38) were characterized by chemotaxonomic, physiological and phylogenetic methods. Fifteen isolates were designated to species Sphingomonas aromaticivorans, seven isolates to S. subterranea, two isolates to S. xenophaga and one isolate to S. stygia. Thirteen isolates represented one or more new species of Sphingomonas. Thirty-three isolates out of 38 grew at 5Â°C on trypticase soy broth agar (TSBA) and may therefore proliferate in the Nordic drinking water pipeline where the temperature typically ranges from 2 to 12 Â°C. Thirty-three isolates out of 38 grew at 37 Â°C on TSBA and 15 isolates also grew on blood agar at 37 Â°C. Considering the potentially pathogenic features of sphingomonas, their presence in drinking water distribution systems may not be desirable. Descriptors drinking water, article, bacterium isolation, biofilm, Finland, nonhuman, Sphingomonas, Sweden, water contamination Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Koskinen,R., TAli-Vehmas,, KÃ¤mpfer,P., Laurikkala,M., Tsitko,I., Kostyal,E., Atroshi,F., Salkinoja-Salonen,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionella species: A review	2000		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Farmaceutisch Tijdschrift voor Belgie Periodical, Abbrev. Farm.Tijdschr.Belg. Pub Date Free Form 2000/06 Volume 77 Issue 2 Start Page 8 Other Pages 13 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0771-2367 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Legionella species is a contamination of surface waters, ponds, warm water pipes and reservoirs. Infection always happens through the environment by means of aerosols and the breathing of contaminated water of whirlpools, forceful showers, humidifiers, fountains, respiratory therapy equipment, evaporative cooling towers, etc.. Legionella spp. are Gram-negative, mobile bars, that need, for their growth on the culture medium, special additives, such as alpha-ketoglutarate, L-cysteine, ferri-pyrophosphate and activated charcoal. The culture medium can be made selective by adding vancomycine, polymixine-B and cycloheximide. This way, also strongly polluted samples, like surface waters, can be examined. Legionella spp. will become visible on an agar-base after 2 till 5 days under the form of light-blue or blue-grey, concave colonies. After a longer incubation time, they will become smooth and white-grey. Legionella spp. are gelatinase-positive, weakly oxidase positive and catalysase positive. They are not sacharolytic. Clinically seen, legionella- infections can be subdivided in 4 groups, which can intersect each other partly: 1. The pneumonia (like in Philadelphia), 2. the extra- pulmonary inflamations, like the septicaemia ..., 3. the epidemic, non pneumonic forms and 4. the sub-clinical infections. Descriptors 2 oxoglutaric acid, activated carbon, cycloheximide, cysteine, polymyxin B, pyrophosphate, vancomycin, aerosol, bacterial virulence, bacterium culture, culture medium, immunofluorescence test, laboratory test, Legionella, Legionella pneumophila, legionnaire disease, nonhuman, radioimmunoassay, review, septicemia, water contamination Links Book Title Legionella species: Een overzicht Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Swinnen,J., Moors,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	2000	Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. slt4@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 71 Issue 5 Start Page 743 Other Pages 751 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10872955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.743 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10872955 Abstract BACKGROUND: The principal objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontitis and to estimate the proportion of periodontitis in the United States adult population that is attributable to cigarette smoking. METHODS: Data were derived from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative multipurpose health survey conducted in 1988 to 1994. Participants were interviewed about tobacco use and examined by dentists trained to use standardized clinical criteria. Analysis was limited to dentate persons aged > or =18 years with complete clinical periodontal data and information on tobacco use and important covariates (n = 12,329). Data were weighted to provide U.S. national estimates, and analyses accounted for the complex sample design. We defined periodontitis as the presence of > or =1 site with clinical periodontal attachment level > or =4 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction and probing depth > or =4 mm. Current cigarette smokers were those who had smoked > or =100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview; former smokers had smoked > or =100 cigarettes but did not currently smoke; and never smokers had not smoked > or =100 cigarettes in their lifetime. RESULTS: We found that 27.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: +/-1.8%) of dentate adults were current smokers and 23.3% (95% CI: +/-1.2%) were former smokers. Overall, 9.2% (95% CI: +/-1.4%) of dentate adults met our case definition for periodontitis, which projects to about 15 million cases of periodontitis among U.S. adults. Modeling with multiple logistic regression revealed that current smokers were about 4 times as likely as persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (prevalence odds ratio [ORp] = 3.97; 95% CI, 3.20-4.93), after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income:poverty ratio. Former smokers were more likely than persons who had never smoked to have periodontitis (ORp = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31-2.17). Among current smokers, there was a dose-response relationship between cigarettes smoked per day and the odds of periodontitis (P or =31 cigarettes per day. Among former smokers, the odds of periodontitis declined with the number of years since quitting, from ORp = 3.22 (95% CI, 2.18-4.76) for 0 to 2 years to ORp = 1.15 (95% CI, 0.83-1.60) for > or =11 years. Applying standard epidemiologic formulas for the attributable fraction for the population, we calculated that 41.9% of periodontitis cases (6.4 million cases) in the U.S. adult population were attributable to current cigarette smoking and 10.9% (1.7 million cases) to former smoking. Among current smokers, 74.8% of their periodontitis was attributable to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Based on findings from this study and numerous other reports, we conclude that smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and may be responsible for more than half of periodontitis cases among adults in the United States. A large proportion of adult periodontitis may be preventable through prevention and cessation of cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Dental Health Surveys, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Periodontitis/epidemiology/etiology, Prevalence, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tomar,S. L., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microbial quality of water in rural communities of Trinidad	2000	Adesiyun, A.A., School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Panam.Salud Publica Pan Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1020-4989 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural communities of northeastern Trinidad to determine the microbial quality of water supply to households and that quality's relationship to source and storage device. Of the 167 household water samples tested, total coliforms were detected in 132 of the samples (79.0%), fecal coliforms in 102 (61.1%), and E. coli in 111 (66.5%). There were significant differences among the towns in the proportion of the samples contaminated with coliforms (P < 0.001) and E. coli (P < 0.001). Of 253 strains of E. coli studied, 4 (1.6%) were mucoid, 9 (3.6%) were hemolytic, and 37 (14.6%) were nonsorbitol fermenters. Of 69 isolates of E. coli tested, 10 (14.5%) were verocytotoxigenic. Twenty-eight (14.0%) of 200 E. coli isolates tested belonged to enteropathogenic serogroups. Standpipe, the most common water source, was utilized by 57 (34.1%) of the 167 households. Treated water (pipeborne in homes, standpipes, or truckborne) was supplied to 119 households (71.3%), while 48 households (28.7%) used water from untreated sources (rain, river/stream, or well) as their primary water supply. The type of household storage device was associated with coliform contamination. Water stored in drums, barrels, or buckets was more likely to harbor fecal coliforms (74.2% of samples) than was water stored in tanks (53.3% of samples), even after controlling for water source (P = 0.04). Compared with water from other sources, water piped into homes was significantly less likely to be contaminated with total coliforms (56.9% versus 88.8%, P < 0.001) and fecal coliforms (41.2% versus 69.8%, P < 0.01), even when the type of storage device was taken into account However, fecal contamination was not associated with whether the water came from a treated or untreated source. We concluded that the drinking water in rural communities in Trinidad was grossly unfit for human consumption, due both to contamination of various water sources and during household water storage. Descriptors drinking water, verotoxin, article, coliform bacterium, Escherichia coli, geographic distribution, human, population density, rural population, strain difference, Trinidad and Tobago, water contamination, water quality, water sampling, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Welch,P., David,J., Clarke,W., Trinidade,A., Penner,D., Bernstein,S., McDougall,L., Adesiyun,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with GERD, Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's dysplasia, and Barrett's adenocarcinoma	2000	Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, 64128, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 95 Issue 2 Start Page 387 Other Pages 394 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0421030; 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 10685740 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI S0002-9270(99)00817-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10685740 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to prospectively determine the prevalence of gastric H. pylori infection in Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's complicated by dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The prevalence of H. pylori was determined in Barrett's esophagus patients compared to a control population of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) only. All patients had a minimum of 10 gastric surveillance biopsies obtained. H. pylori colonization was determined upon the basis of hematoxylin and eosin and use of a modified Giemsa and or Steiner's silver stain of all gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine Barrett's patients and 217 GERD control patients were included in the study. H. pylori was found in 95/289 (32.9%) of the Barrett's patients, compared with 96/217 (44.2%) of the GERD controls (NS). Forty-seven of the Barrett's patients had low-grade dysplasia/indefinite dysplasia, 14 high-grade dysplasia, and 20 Barrett's adenocarcinoma. When Barrett's was subgrouped according to absence of dysplasia, and presence of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma, H. pylori prevalence was found to be significantly less for patients with Barrett's high-grade dysplasia (14.3%) and adenocarcinoma (15.0%) versus patients with GERD alone (44.2%), Barrett's alone (35.1%), or Barrett's with low-grade dysplasia (36.2%) (p = 0.016). This difference could not be explained by differences between Barrett's esophagus patients infected with H. pylori and those who were not with respect to gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption, use of proton pump inhibitor, or length of Barrett's mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Barrett's high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma are significantly more prevalent in patients who are not infected with H. pylori. H. pylori appears to have a protective effect against the development of Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/microbiology, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology, Biopsy, Chi-Square Distribution, Coloring Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/microbiology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology, Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori/growth & development, Humans, Kansas/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Smoking/epidemiology, Stomach Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weston,A. P., Badr,A. S., Topalovski,M., Cherian,R., Dixon,A., Hassanein,R. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Genetic risk assessment in hookah smokers.	2000	Yadav, J.S., Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cytobios Periodical, Abbrev. Cytobios Pub Date Free Form / Volume 101 Issue 397 Start Page 101 Other Pages 113 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-4529 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The genotoxic effect of hookah smoke was investigated on somatic chromosomes of 35 occupationally nonexposed male hookah smokers. These were compared with an equal number of nonsmokers matched with respect to age, sex, drug intake, if any, and socio-economic status. The mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and satellite associations (SA) were analysed. All the parameters showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the smokers compared with control individuals, viz MI, 3.88-5.41; CA, 0.94-2.22; SCE, 3.59-5.66; and SA, 5.2-8.65. A distinct time and dose effect relationship was observed. Hookah smoke is thus, both clastogenic and genotoxic for human beings. Descriptors adult, aged, article, drug effect, human, human chromosome, India, male, middle aged, mitosis, mutagen testing, plant, risk assessment, smoking, tobacco Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Yadav,J. S., Thakur,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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