WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Smoking topography: reliability and validity in dependent smokers	2003	National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD 21224, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 5 Issue 5 Start Page 673 Other Pages 679 Notes LR: 20131121; GR: P50CA84718/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 14577984 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 20TYV58QGN587M46 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14577984 Abstract Data from two studies were analyzed to determine whether smoking through the mouthpiece of a topography unit yields consistent measures over time and to verify that smoking through a mouthpiece results in a similar degree of smoke exposure as conventional smoking. In both studies, subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette ad libitum. In study A, subjects (n=7) smoked through a mouthpiece on 4 separate experimental days. In study B, subjects (n=10) smoked on 2 separate days: Once conventionally and once through a mouthpiece. In both studies, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and physiological effects (heart rate and blood pressure) were measured before and after smoking. In study B, plasma nicotine concentrations also were measured. In study A, puff volume, puff duration, interpuff interval, and maximum puff velocity averaged 30.8 ml,.9 s, 19.9 s, and 44.6 ml/s, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients computed for puff volume (0.66), puff duration (0.75), and maximum puff velocity (0.68) indicated that these measures showed good reliability. In study B, smoking through the mouthpiece yielded similar topographical (time to smoke and number of puffs per cigarette) measures as conventional smoking. Also similar were changes in biochemical values: Plasma nicotine (18.5 ng/ml vs. 25.5 ng/ml), exhaled CO (4.6 ppm vs. 5.1 ppm), and heart rate (8.6 beats/min vs. 7.4 beats/min) for conventional and topography mouthpiece smoking conditions, respectively. Topography measures did not differ significantly between the two studies. Overall, the data from these two small-sample studies suggest that smoking topography provides a valid and reliable index of conventional smoking and an indirect measure of smoke exposure. Descriptors Adult, Blood Pressure, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Equipment Design, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,E. M., Malson,J. L., Waters,A. J., Moolchan,E. T., Pickworth,W. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Modeling of residual chlorine in water distribution system	2003	Li, X., Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Environmental Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Sci. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 136 Other Pages 144 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1001-0742 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Water quality within water distribution system may vary with both location and time. Water quality models are used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of water quality throughout water system. A model of residual chlorine decay in water pipe has been developed, given the consumption of chlorine in reactions with chemicals in bulk water, bio-films on pipe wall, in corrosion process, and the mass transport of chlorine from bulk water to pipe wall. Analytical methods of the flow path from water sources to the observed point and the water age of every observed node were proposed. Model is used to predict the decay of residual chlorine in an actual distribution system. Good agreement between calculated and measured values was obtained. Descriptors chlorine, article, chemistry, quality control, theoretical model, time, water flow, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Li,X., Gu,D. -M, Qi,J. -Y, Ukita,M., Zhao,H. -B Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on the patients with chronic low back pain	2003	Lim, N.Y., Department of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi Periodical, Abbrev. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 1 Start Page 79 Other Pages 86 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1598-2874 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on health status(pain, trunk flexion, IADL, depression) of patients with chronic low back pain. METHOD: This study used a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected from December 1st, 2000 to December 20th, 2001. 63 chronic low back pain patients(35 experimental group, 28 control group) admitted to the Back-School and consented to this study. The experimental group participated in treatment : Koryo Hand-Acupuncture and AB-Bong. Two groups was homogeneity. After 4 weeks the effects of treatment on the health status was measured between experimental and control group. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, t-test, and paired t-test. RESULT: In the experimental group, pain(t=4.85, p=.000) and IADL difficulty(t=2.05, p=.045) was significantly lower than those in the control group. It makes no difference trunk flexion(t=-1.60, p=.114) and depression(t=1.50, p=.138) between experimental and control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Koryo-Hand Acupuncture is an effective method for reducing pain and IADL difficulty in patients with chronic low back pain, and is considered as a independent nursing intervention for chronic low back pain. Descriptors article Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lim,N. Y., Yi,Y. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Attenuation characteristics of the fundamental modes that propagate in buried iron water pipes.	2003	Long, R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BX, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ultrasonics Periodical, Abbrev. Ultrasonics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 41 Issue 7 Start Page 509 Other Pages 519 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0041-624X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The attenuation of the fundamental non-torsional modes that propagate down buried iron water pipes has been studied. The mode shapes, mode attenuation due to leakage into the surrounding medium and the scattering of the modes as they interact with pipe joints and fittings have been investigated. In the low frequency region the mode predicted to dominate over significant propagation distances approximates a plane wave in the water within the pipe. The established acoustic technique used to locate leaks in buried iron water pipes assumes that leak noise propagates as a single non-dispersive mode at a velocity related to the low frequency asymptote of this water borne mode. Experiments have been conducted on buried water mains at test sites in the UK to verify the attenuation and velocity dispersion predictions. Descriptors iron, acoustics, article, materials testing, ultrasound, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Long,R., Lowe,M., Cawley,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biofouling reduction in recirculating cooling systems through biofiltration of process water	2003	Gerritse, J., TNO Environment, Energy and Process Innovation, 7300 AH Apeldoorn, Netherlands	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 37 Issue 3 Start Page 525 Other Pages 532 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Biofouling is a serious problem in industrial recirculating cooling systems. It damages equipment, through biocorrosion, and causes clogging and increased energy consumption, through decreased heat transfer. In this research a fixed-bed biofilter was developed which removed assimilable organic carbon (AOC) from process water, thus limiting the major substrate for the growth of biofouling. The biofilter was tested in a laboratory model recirculating cooling water system, including a heat exchanger and a cooling tower. A second identical model system without a biofilter served as a reference. Both installations were challenged with organic carbon (sucrose and yeast extract) to provoke biofouling. The biofilter improved the quality of the recirculating cooling water by reducing the AOC content, the ATP concentration, bacterial numbers (30-40 fold) and the turbidity (OD660). The process of biofouling in the heat exchangers, the process water pipelines and the cooling towers, was monitored by protein increase, heat transfer resistance, and chlorine demanded for maintenance. This revealed that biofouling was lower in the system with the biofilter compared to the reference installation. It was concluded that AOC removal through biofiltration provides an attractive, environmental-friendly means to reduce biofouling in industrial cooling systems. Â© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors adenosine triphosphate, cooling water, organic carbon, protein, sucrose, article, bacterial count, biofilter, biofiltration, biofouling, cooling, fouling prevention, heat transfer, model, pipeline, priority journal, turbidity, water quality, yeast Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Meesters,K. P. H., Van Groenestijn,J. W., Gerritse,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Dependency of bulk chlorine decay rates on flow velocity in water distribution networks	2003	Menaia, J., LNEC (National Civ. Eng. Laboratory), 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 209 Other Pages 214 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Understanding chlorine residual decay kinetics and the factors that influence them are essential for such current tasks as siting chlorination facilities, dosage optimisation, choice of sampling locations and frequencies, and general design and operational control of drinking water networks, increasingly accomplished with the help of simulation models. Available constants for bulk chlorine decay are typically determined under static conditions. However, as for all fast reactions in water flows, chlorine consumption rates in drinking water pipes may be influenced by the existing mixing regimes, a function of flow turbulence, which is primarily controlled by flow velocity and pipe diameter. Flow velocities vary greatly in space and time in water transmission and distribution systems; pipe diameters are seldom uniform. Although both variables are readily available in the currently available network analysis simulators that implement chlorine models, such variations are not accounted for. Instead, a single preset decay rate constant is generally used for describing chlorine residual consumption throughout an entire system. In addition to highlighting how negligible PVC pipe wall chlorine consumption is, as such, this paper presents experimental evidence of a significant correlation between pipe flow velocity and bulk chlorine decay rates, and proposes a simple but effective approach to implement this dependency in current simulators. Descriptors chlorine, drinking water, chlorination, conference paper, correlation analysis, flow rate, fluid intake, kinetics, process control, simulation, tube, turbulent flow, water flow, water sampling, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Menaia,J., Coelho,S. T., Lopes,A., Fonte,E., Palma,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention	2003	Meyer, P.A., CDC/NCEH/EEHS/LPPB, MS F-30, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of hygiene and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 206 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 363 Other Pages 369 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1438-4639 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Childhood lead poisoning is an important, preventable environmental disease affecting millions of children around the world. The effects of lead are well known and range from delayed and adversely affected neurodevelopment to severe health outcomes including seizures, coma, and death. This article reviews the childhood effects of lead poisoning, the approach being taken to the problem in the United States, and the obstacles faced by developing nations in dealing with lead exposure. The United States has attacked the childhood lead poisoning problem by attempting to eliminate sources of exposure, including gasoline, solder in water pipes and cans, and industrial emissions. These actions have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of children with elevated blood lead levels in the United States over the last two decades. However, many developing countries are just beginning to address the problem. Successful efforts will need to incorporate epidemiologic methods, source identification, enforced regulations, and a long-term government commitment to eliminating lead as a threat to the next generation of children. Descriptors gasoline, lead, battery industry, ceramics, child, child death, cognitive defect, coma, cooperation, developing country, developmental disorder, disease course, environmental disease, environmental exposure, government, health care system, health hazard, health program, health promotion, human, law enforcement, lead blood level, lead poisoning, nervous system development, neurologic disease, organization, pipeline, policy, pollution control, review, risk assessment, seizure, procedures, United States Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Meyer,P. A., McGeehin,M. A., Falk,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Management strategy of emergencies and events in the monitoring of water distribution in Paris	2003	Montiel, F., Soc. Anon. de Gestion l'Eau Paris, 75014 Paris, France	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 483 Other Pages 487 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For water distributors, management of emergencies and the follow-up of events in real time represent an essential aspect of their work. Proper management of this information makes for optimization of its use and enables one to avoid a large number of problems regarding water supply thanks to improved reactivity and more precisely-focused action. Since 1992, Sagep (SociÃ©tÃ© Anonyme de Gestion de l'Eau de Paris) to whom the City of Paris has entrusted responsibility for its water supply, has equipped itself with a computerized real-time monitoring system. Initially, this system processed 5,000 pieces of real-time information, which permitted monitoring of the 1,600 km of drinking water pipes and made possible distribution of the 650,000 m3 of drinking water consumed daily by Parisians. In 1996, given the enormous progress achieved with regard to information systems and measuring devices installed in the pipe networks, the Scada at Sagep was modernized. This made possible the integration of the fresh information necessitated by developments in the supply system of the City of Paris, plant renovation, new sensors, the traceability of events and water quality follow-up. These developments led to the integration and management of 17,500 pieces of real-time information, over three-quarters of which are made up of emergencies or events. It seems clear that it is impossible to manage such a mass of real-time information in the absence of a rigorous processing strategy. To exploit this set of data in optimal fashion, Sagep has developed a system of management of emergencies based on three thrusts: identification, qualification and processing. Descriptors drinking water, automation, conference paper, emergency, France, information system, life event, process monitoring, technology, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Montiel,F., Coutelan,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A cluster of tuberculosis associated with use of a marijuana water pipe	2003	Munckhof, W.J., University of Queensland, Infection Management Services, Prncs. A. Hosp./Dist. Hlth. Serv., Woolloongabba, 4102, QLD, Australia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form 2003/09 Volume 7 Issue 9 Start Page 860 Other Pages 865 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1027-3719 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract SETTING: New cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were noted in a cluster of young Caucasian males, an unusual ethnic group for this disease in Queensland, Australia. It was noted that marijuana water pipe ('bong') smoking was common amongst cases and contacts. OBJECTIVE: To report this cluster of TB and to investigate whether shared use of a marijuana water pipe was associated with transmission of TB. DESIGN: All contacts were identified and screened according to standard protocols. Cases were asked to list contacts with whom they had shared a marijuana water pipe. RESULTS: Five cases of open pulmonary TB were identified clinically and on sputum culture, and all isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were identical on typing. Of 149 contacts identified, 114 (77%) completed screening, and 57 (50%) had significant tuberculin skin test (TST) reactions on follow-up. Of 45 contacts who had shared a marijuana water pipe with a case, 29 (64%) had a significant TST reaction. CONCLUSION: Sharing a marijuana water pipe with a case of pulmonary TB was associated with transmission of TB (OR 2.22, 95% CI 0.96-5.17), although the most important risk factor for acquiring TB infection in this cluster was close household contact with a case (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.13-20.70). Descriptors BCG vaccine, cannabis, isoniazid, tuberculostatic agent, adult, article, Australia, bacterial transmission, bacterium identification, bacterium isolate, Caucasian, clinical protocol, contact examination, controlled study, disease association, disease classification, ethnic group, follow up, household, human, lung tuberculosis, major clinical study, male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonhuman, priority journal, risk factor, screening, smoking, sputum culture, statistical analysis, tube, tuberculin test, water pipe Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Munckhof,W. J., Konstantinos,A., Wamsley,M., Mortlock,M., Gilpin,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Socio-economic status and binge drinking in Israel	2003	Department of Social Medicine, Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, Israel. yneumark@md2.huji.ac.il	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 24-Jan Volume 69 Issue 1 Start Page 15 Other Pages 21 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7513587; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 12536062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S037687160200248X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12536062 Abstract Modern Israeli society is comprised primarily of two nationality groups-Jews and Arabs, with disparate religious and cultural attitudes toward alcohol drinking. We recently described higher rates of past-month drinking among Jewish adults, although Arabs who drink were more likely to report binge drinking. The goal of the present study is to examine the relationship between binge drinking and socio-economic status (SES) among Arab and Jewish adults in Israel. Data from a 1995 nationally representative household survey on drug and alcohol use were analyzed. Participants included male and female Arabs (n=982) and Jews (n=4,972) aged 18-40 living in Israel. SES was assessed using education, household income, and occupation. The prevalence of binge drinking was highest among Arab men (21.4%) followed by Jewish men (15.2%), Arab women (7.3%), and Jewish women (4.0%). Prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) from logistic models controlling for age, gender, marital status and religiosity show that increased household income and occupation are associated with increased binge drinking among Arabs (OR>2.0) and decreased binge drinking among Jews (OR congruent with 0.6). Higher educational achievement was protective against binge drinking in both nationality groups. Varied results for income and occupation, and education indicate the need to examine the association between each SES indicator and alcohol consumption independently, especially in culturally diverse populations. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/ethnology, Arabs/statistics & numerical data, Chi-Square Distribution, Confidence Intervals, Ethanol/poisoning, Female, Humans, Israel/ethnology, Jews/statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Socioeconomic Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neumark,Y. D., Rahav,G., Jaffe,D. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail