WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
In vitro activity of amphotericin B and anidulafungin against Candida spp. biofilms	2007	Unidad de Microbiologia Experimental, Centro Investigacion, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Iberoam.Micol. Pub Date Free Form 31-Dec Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 272 Other Pages 277 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9425531; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); ppublish Place of Publication Spain ISSN/ISBN 1130-1406; 1130-1406 Accession Number PMID: 18095759 Language spa SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 200724272 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18095759 Abstract Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are increasing worldwide and are becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. A large number of manifestations of candidiasis are associated with the formation of biofilms on inert or biological surfaces. Candida spp. biofilms are recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antifungal therapies. The aim of this study was dual 1) to determine the prevalence of biofilm producers among clinical isolates from catheter (16 C. albicans ) and blood culture (2 C. albicans and 30 C. tropicalis), and 2) to determine the activity of amphotericin B and anidulafungin against C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms of 24 and 48 hours of maturation. Biofilms were developed using a 96-well microtitre plate model and production and activity of antifungal agents against biofilms were determined by the tetrazolium (XTT) reduction assay. Of catheter and blood isolates, 62.5 and 56.25%, respectively, produced biofilms. By species, 68.42% of C. albicans and 53.33% of C. tropicalis were biofilm producers. C. albicans biofilms showed more resistance to amphotericin B and anidulafungin than their planktonic counterparts. Complete killing of biofilms was never achieved, even at the highest concentrations of the drugs tested. Anidulafungin displayed more activity than amphotericin B against C. albicans biofilms of 24 hours of maturation (GM MIC 0.354 vs. 0.686 microg/ml), but against C. tropicalis biofilms amphotericin B was more active (GM MIC 11.285 vs. 0.476 microg/ml). In contrast, against biofilms with 48 hours maturation, amphotericin B was more active against both species. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Candida tropicalis/drug effects/physiology, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Valentin,A., Canton,E., Peman,J., Quindos,G. Original/Translated Title Actividad in vitro de la anfotericina B y la anidulafungina sobre biopeliculas de Candida albicans y Candida tropicalis URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Environmental tobacco smoke in hospitality venues in Greece	2007	Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece. vardavas@edu.med.uoc.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 23-Oct Volume 7 Issue Start Page 302 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140904; JID: 100968562; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2190765; 2006/12/05 [received]; 2007/10/23 [accepted]; 2007/10/23 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 17956612 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 1471-2458-7-302 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17956612 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a major threat to public health. Greece, having the highest smoking prevalence in the European Union is seriously affected by passive smoking. The purpose of this study was to measure environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in the non smoking areas of hospitality venues and offices in Greece and to compare the levels of exposure to levels in the US, UK and Ireland before and after the implementation of a smoking ban. METHODS: Experimental measurements of particulate matter 2.5 microm (PM2.5), performed during a cross sectional study of 49 hospitality venues and offices in Athens and Crete, Greece during February - March 2006. RESULTS: Levels of ETS ranged from 19 microg/m3 to 612 microg/m3, differing according to the place of measurement. The average exposure in hospitality venues was 268 microg/m3 with ETS levels found to be highest in restaurants with a mean value of 298 microg/m3 followed by bars and cafes with 271 microg/m3. ETS levels were 76% lower in venues in which smoking was not observed compared to all other venues (p < 0.001). ETS levels in Greek designated non-smoking areas are similar to those found in the smoking sections of UK hospitality venues while levels in Ireland with a total smoking ban are 89% lower and smoke-free communities in the US are 91 - 96% lower than levels in Greece. CONCLUSION: Designated non-smoking areas of hospitality venues in Greece are significantly more polluted with ETS than outdoor air and similar venues in Europe and the United States. The implementation of a total indoor smoking ban in hospitality venues has been shown to have a positive effect on workers and patrons' health. The necessity of such legislation in Greece is thus warranted. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Great Britain, Greece, Humans, Prevalence, Public Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Public Policy, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vardavas,C. I., Kondilis,B., Travers,M. J., Petsetaki,E., Tountas,Y., Kafatos,A. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071023 PMCID PMC2190765 Editors
Legionella contamination in the water system of hospital dental settings	2007	Public Health Department, University of Parma, Italy. licia.veronesi@unipr.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Biomed. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 78 Issue 2 Start Page 117 Other Pages 122 Notes JID: 101295064; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 0392-4203; 0392-4203 Accession Number PMID: 17933279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17933279 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Among hospital facilities the dental unit is an environment that is at major risk of Legionella due to equipment such as the air/water syringe, the turbine, the micromotor and the scaler which generate potentially harmful aerosols that may to be a source of exposure to Legionella spp. particularly in immunodeficient patients, and those affected by chronic diseases, and also in dental personnel. Therefore, an examination of the extent of Legionella spp. contamination in the dental chairs waterlines and the incoming water supply of some public dental units is the subject of the present study. METHODS: From February 2002 to March 2004, a total of 208 water samples were collected: 160 samples from the water supply of 4 dental chair and 48 samples from the cold incoming tap water of 2 units. RESULTS: Legionella spp. was detected in 46 samples (22.1% ): 19 of them (41.3% of Legionella spp.; 9.1% of the total) were Legionella pneumophila; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 86 samples (41.4%) and both microorganisms were detected in 2 samples (0.96%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a microbiological condition in dental settings, that is not at all satisfactory due to the presence of Legionella in concentrations that are considered to be a health hazard (> or = 10(3)) in certain cases. Given the extent of the health risk in these surroundings, the difficulty in its assessment, and also considering the wide diffusion of general dental care, our investigation has confirmed the need to regularly monitor the microbiological condition of water in dental units. Descriptors Dental Equipment/microbiology, Dental Service, Hospital, Humans, Legionella/isolation & purification, Legionella pneumophila/isolation & purification, Legionellosis/prevention & control/transmission, Legionnaires' Disease/prevention & control/transmission, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Risk Factors, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Veronesi,L., Capobianco,E., Affanni,P., Pizzi,S., Vitali,P., Tanzi,M. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts associated with gowe production from sorghum in Benin	2007	Departement de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 103 Issue 2 Start Page 342 Other Pages 349 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9706280; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Fungal); 0 (DNA, Intergenic); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1364-5072; 1364-5072 Accession Number PMID: 17650194 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI JAM3252 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17650194 Abstract AIMS: To identify the dominant micro-organisms involved in the production of gowe, a fermented beverage, and to select the most appropriate species for starter culture development. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples of sorghum gowe produced twice at three different production sites were taken at different fermentation times. DNA amplification by internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction of 288 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of selected strains revealed that the dominant LAB responsible for gowe fermentation were Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus mucosae, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Weissella kimchii. DNA from 200 strains of yeasts was amplified and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene was sequenced for selected isolates, revealing that the yeasts species were Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia anomala, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. CONCLUSIONS: Gowe processing is characterized by a mixed fermentation dominated by Lact. fermentum, W. confusa and Ped. acidilactici for the LAB and by K. marxianus, P. anomala and C. krusei for the yeasts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The diversity of the LAB and yeasts identified offers new opportunities for technology upgrading and products development in gowe production. The identified species can be used as possible starter for a controlled fermentation of gowe. Descriptors Benin, Beverages/microbiology, Candida/genetics/isolation & purification, Colony Count, Microbial/methods, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Fungal/genetics, DNA, Intergenic/genetics, Fermentation, Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kluyveromyces/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactic Acid/analysis, Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation & purification, Pediococcus/genetics/isolation & purification, Pichia/genetics/isolation & purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length/genetics, Sorghum/microbiology, Yeasts/genetics/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vieira-Dalode,G., Jespersen,L., Hounhouigan,J., Moller,P. L., Nago,C. M., Jakobsen,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use of headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusions	2007	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071, Murcia, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 14-Sep Volume 1164 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 10 Other Pages 17 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tea); 2007/04/02 [received]; 2007/06/20 [revised]; 2007/06/27 [accepted]; 2007/07/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17628570 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)01144-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17628570 Abstract A sensitive and solvent-free procedure for the determination of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusions using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection is described. A medium polarity polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene 60 microm fiber was found to be suitable for extraction at 90 degrees C and with an extraction time of 60 min under continuous stirring. Desorption was carried out using the static mode for 5 min. Under the optimized conditions, when 1.75 g of tea sample were extracted with boiling water, the precision ranged from 4 to 16% (RSD) and detection limits were between 4 and 145 ngL(-1), depending on the compound. The reliability of the procedure was corroborated by means of GC-MS. The results obtained for a standard reference material were within the range indicated by the supplier. Descriptors Chromatography, Liquid/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Tea/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vinas,P., Campillo,N., Aguinaga,N., Perez-Canovas,E., Hernandez-Cordoba,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070701 PMCID Editors
Menthol cigarettes and indicators of tobacco dependence among adolescents	2007	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Public Health, 317 George Street, Suite 209, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. olivia.wackowski@umdnj.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 32 Issue 9 Start Page 1964 Other Pages 1969 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7603486; 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 2006/07/19 [received]; 2006/11/17 [revised]; 2006/12/14 [accepted]; 2006/12/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0306-4603; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 17229528 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0306-4603(06)00403-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17229528 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study examines measures of nicotine dependence among adolescent menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We examined rates of menthol smoking and measures of nicotine dependence among 1345 current established smokers in grades 9-12 who participated in the 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Logistic regression was used to generate an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for menthol smoking for four measures of nicotine dependence, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking patterns. RESULTS: Approximately 46% of all current established cigarette smokers were menthol smokers. Menthol smokers had 2.6 and 1.6 greater odds than non-menthol smokers for reporting that they could go for less than 1 h before feeling like they need a cigarette and that they experience cravings after not smoking for a while, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Menthol cigarette smoking was associated with two dependence measures and may be more addictive than regular cigarettes in young smokers. Future research should continue to explore relationships between dependency and menthol use as well as the high prevalence of menthol use among adolescents. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Menthol, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wackowski,O., Delnevo,C. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061222 PMCID Editors
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental waters coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography	2007	College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, The Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 1173 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 27 Other Pages 36 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2007/08/06 [received]; 2007/10/09 [revised]; 2007/10/10 [accepted]; 2007/10/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17977550 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)01771-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17977550 Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as a novel kind of solid-phase extraction adsorbents in this work as well as an analytical method based on MWCNTs solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which belong to typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) owing to their carcinogenicity and endocrine disrupting activity. Several conditions that probably affected the extraction efficiency including the eluent volume, sample flow rate, sample pH and the sample volume were optimized in detail. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method, and the method was applied to the determination of PAHs in environmental water samples such as river water sample, tap water sample and wastewater sample from the constructed wetland effluent. The experimental results indicated that there were excellent linear relationship between peak area and the concentration of PAHs over the range of 0.04-100 microg L(-1), and the precisions (RSD) were 1.7-4.8% under the optimal conditions. The detection limits of proposed method for the studied PAHs were 0.005-0.058 microg L(-1) (S/N=3). The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 78.7 to 118.1%. It was concluded that MWCNTs packed cartridge coupled with HPLC was an excellent alternative for the routine analysis of PAHs at trace level. Descriptors Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Nanotubes, Carbon, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Solid Phase Extraction/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,W. D., Huang,Y. M., Shu,W. Q., Cao,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071016 PMCID Editors
Characteristics of U.S. waterpipe users: a preliminary report	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 9 Issue 12 Start Page 1339 Other Pages 46 Notes ID: 18058352 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking, a traditional method of tobacco use, has experienced a resurgence in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent in recent years. Despite growing evidence of its dependence potential and health-damaging effects, waterpipe use has spread beyond these regions to many other countries, including the United States. Because little is known about waterpipe use in the United States, we surveyed convenience samples of users from two U.S. cities, Richmond, Virginia (n = 109), and Memphis, Tennessee (n = 34). Respondents in both cities were primarily young adults, a majority (75%) were men, and most were college students or had a college degree. Initial and current use usually occurred in a social context, with a group of friends in a cafe or restaurant or at home. Most respondents had smoked waterpipe for 2 or fewer years, and 67% currently smoked at least once a month (22% smoked at least once per week and 10% smoked daily). Most believed waterpipe use to be less addictive and harmful than cigarette smoking, believed they could quit use at any time, but had no plans or desire to quit. A majority of respondents used other tobacco products such as cigarettes, and 35% of those who did not smoke cigarettes said they would "probably" or "definitely" smoke one in the next year. Multivariate correlates of greater frequency of use included younger age at first use, ownership of a waterpipe, use occurring primarily with groups of friends, and the perception of being "hooked." Waterpipe users in these two convenience samples from the United States were young and educated, tended to experiment with multiple forms of tobacco, were unaware of the potentially harmful and addictive properties of waterpipe use, and planned to continue use in the future. Educational efforts are needed to increase awareness of the potential hazards of this increasingly popular form of tobacco use. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Risk-Taking, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Questionnaires, Tennessee/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Virginia/epidemiology, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18058352 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Gray,Jennifer N., Srinivas,Vidya, Wilson,Nancy, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas	2007	Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 17 Issue 3 Start Page 260 Other Pages 268 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101262796; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2006/06/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-0631; 1559-0631 Accession Number PMID: 16804559 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 7500513 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16804559 Abstract This study assessed differences in the indoor air quality and occupancy levels in seventeen bars due to a city-wide smoking ban that took effect on September 1, 2005 in Austin, Texas, USA. We measured the following in each venue before and after the smoking ban: mean number of occupants, mean number of lit cigarettes, temperature, relative humidity, room volume, and PM(2.5), CO, and CO(2) concentrations. Additionally, VOC measurements were conducted at three of the venues. There was not a statistically significant change in occupancy, but the best estimate PM(2.5) concentrations in the venues decreased 71-99%, a significant reduction in all venues, relative to the pre-ban levels; CO concentrations decreased significantly in all but one venue; and concentrations of VOCs known to be emitted from cigarettes decreased to below the detection limit for all but two common compounds. These results suggest that the smoking ban has effectively improved indoor air quality in Austin bars without an associated decrease in occupancy. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Program Evaluation, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Texas, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Waring,M. S., Siegel,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060628 PMCID Editors
G. Tobacco use patterns among high school students: Do Arab American youth differ?	2007	Weglicki, L.S., Wayne State University, College of Nursing,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity and Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue SUPPL. 3 Start Page S3; 22-S3-24 Other Pages S3; 22-S3-24 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To determine tobacco use rates (cigarette, water pipe smoking [WPS] or narghile) in Arab American compared to non-Arab youth. Design/Setting: A convenience sample of 2,782 14- to 18-year-old high school students from a midwest community completed a 21-item tobacco use history survey. Results: Seventy-one percent of the participants were ArA. Grades 9 through 12 were equally represented. Results included 'ever tried cigarettes [narghile]' (20%, 39%); 'smoked cigarettes [narghile] in the past 30 days' (7%, 22%); and 'regular smoking [narghile]' (3%, 1 5%) for ArA and non-Arab youths, respectively. Each was significantly related to grade and ethnicity. WPS for ArA and non-Arab youths was (38%, 21%); (17%, 11%); and (7%, 5%) for 'ever used,' 'used in the past 30 days,' and 'regular use,' respectively. Grade, ethnicity, and sex were significantly related to WPS. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking rates for non-Arab youth were lower than current national youth smoking rates but significantly higher than ArA youth. Rates for ArA youth were much lower than current national reported data. Rates of WPS for US youth, regardless of race or ethnicity, are not known. Findings from this study indicate that both ArA and non-Arab youth are experimenting and using WPS regularly. These results underscore the importance of assessing novel forms of tobacco use, particularly WPS, a growing phenomenon among US youth. Descriptors adolescent, adolescent smoking, adult, arab american, child behavior, smoking, community, conference paper, ethnic group, female, high school student, human, major clinical study, male, narghile, prevalence, questionnaire, tobacco, United States, water pipe smoking Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T., Hammad,A., Jamil,H., Abou-Mediene,S., Farroukh,M., Rice,V. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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