Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pollutions of indoor fine particles in four types of public places and the influencing factors | 2009 | Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]
Periodical, Abbrev.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
43
Issue
8
Start Page
664
Other Pages
668
Notes
JID: 7904962; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish
Place of Publication
China
ISSN/ISBN
0253-9624; 0253-9624
Accession Number
PMID: 20021843
Language
chi
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20021843
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the levels of pollutions caused by fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in the public places and investigate the possible influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 20 public places in four types such as rest room in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe in Tongzhou district in Beijing were chosen in this study; indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) was monitored by TSI sidepak AM510. Data under varying conditions were collected and analyzed, such as doors or windows or mechanical ventilation devices being opened, rooms cramped with people and smoking. RESULTS: The average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in 20 public places was (334.6 +/- 386.3) microg/m(3), ranging from 6 microg/m(3) to 1956 microg/m(3); while in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe were (116.9 +/- 100.1)microg/m(3), (317.9 +/- 235.3) microg/m(3), (750.6 +/- 521.6)microg/m(3) and (157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3) respectively. The concentrations of PM(2.5) in restaurant (compared with bath center: Z = -10.785, P 2) was relatively good. The number of smokers per cube meters (14.7 x 10(-3)) became the major influence factor when the ventilation score </= 2 (b = 140.957, t = 3.108, P = 0.013) and 51.8% increases of indoor PM(2.5) was attributed to smoking. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that smoking was the main source of indoor PM(2.5) in public places. Outdoor PM(2.5) should be correlated with indoor PM(2.5) concentration under drafty situation.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Liu,B., Deng,F. R., Guo,X. B., Yang,D. M., Teng,X. Q., Zheng,X., Gao,J., Dong,J., Wu,S. W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| A novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes bonded fused-silica fiber for solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of phenols in water samples | 2009 | Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
15-May
Volume
78
Issue
3
Start Page
929
Other Pages
935
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Phenols); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 2008/11/04 [received]; 2008/12/23 [revised]; 2008/12/30 [accepted]; 2009/01/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 19269452
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2008.12.061 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19269452
Abstract
The present work reports on the synthesis of chemically bonded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/fused-silica fibers and their use in solid phase microextraction of seven phenols from water samples coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The synthetic strategy was verified by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption factors (pH, ionic strength, stirring rate, adsorption time and temperature) and desorption factors (time and temperature) of the fibers were systematically investigated. Detection limits to seven phenols were less than 0.05 microg L(-1), and their calibration curves were all linear (R(2)> or =0.9984) in the range from 0.05 to 5000 microg L(-1). This method was then utilized to analyze two real water samples from Yellow River and sanitary wastewater, resulting in satisfactory results. Compared with normal solid phase materials, this MWCNTs-bonded fused-silica fibers showed a number of advantages: wide linear range and low detection limit for extracting phenols couple with GC, and good stability in acid, alkali, organic solvents and at high temperature.
Descriptors
Chromatography, Gas/methods, Nanotubes, Carbon, Phenols/analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Water/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Liu,H., Li,J., Liu,X., Jiang,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090120
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Atmospheric levels of BTEX compounds during the 2008 Olympic Games in the urban area of Beijing | 2009 | Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Dec
Volume
408
Issue
1
Start Page
109
Other Pages
116
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2009/02/20 [received]; 2009/09/11 [revised]; 2009/09/16 [accepted]; 2009/10/08 [aheadofprint];
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1026; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 19815254
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19815254
Abstract
The hourly concentrations of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene and o-Xylene) in the urban area of Beijing were measured during July-October 2008, covering the periods of the 2008 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The atmospheric BTEX were pre-concentrated on Tenax-TA tubes, and analyzed by GC-PID (Gas Chromatography with Photo Ionization Detector) after thermal desorption. During the games, the mean daytime concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene were 2.37, 3.97, 1.92, 3.51 and 1.90 microg/m3, respectively, and were 52.8%, 63.9%, 56.4%, 56.8% and 46.9%, respectively lower than those after the games. The significantly positive correlation between BTEX and CO as well as the ratio of benzene/toluene suggested that the vehicle exhaust was the major source of BTEX during the whole investigated period. The extremely high ratios of ethylbenzene to m,p-xylene (E/X) were mainly observed at noontime in haze days, indicating that photochemical reactions were highly active under these typical days.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry, Atmosphere/chemistry, Benzene Derivatives/analysis/chemistry, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, China, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Internationality, Photochemistry, Sports, Time Factors, Toluene/analysis, Urban Population, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Liu,J., Mu,Y., Zhang,Y., Zhang,Z., Wang,X., Liu,Y., Sun,Z.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20091008
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Nonmedical use of prescription opioids and stimulants among student pharmacists | 2009 | National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York, USA. lord@ndri.org | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Pharm.Assoc.(2003)
Pub Date Free Form
Jul-Aug
Volume
49
Issue
4
Start Page
519
Other Pages
528
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101176252; 0 (Analgesics, Opioid); 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants); 0 (Prescription Drugs); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1544-3450; 1086-5802
Accession Number
PMID: 19589764
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08027 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19589764
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and patterns of nonmedical use of prescription opioid analgesics and stimulants among student pharmacists. DESIGN: Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Private urban college of pharmacy in the United States in fall 2006. PARTICIPANTS: 1,538 PharmD students. INTERVENTION: Online survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime and past-year nonmedical prescription opioid and stimulant use. RESULTS: Response rate for the survey was 62%. Lifetime prevalence of opioid misuse was 8%, and 5% of students had misused in the past year. Lifetime prevalence of stimulant misuse was 7%, and 5% had misused in the past year. Whites and fraternity or sorority members were more likely than their peers to have ever misused opioids. Past-year opioid misuse was more likely among whites, men, and low academic achievers compared with their peers. Lifetime stimulant misuse was more likely among students who were white, older, and fraternity or sorority members, while past-year misuse was more likely among whites and low academic achievers. Common motives for opioid misuse were to have fun, to relax, and to deal with chronic pain. Stimulants were used to improve concentration and academic performance. Friends were the most common source of prescription opioids and stimulants. Nonmedical prescription use was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol and other illicit substance use. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of prescription medication misuse among student pharmacists was lower than (opioids) or comparable with (stimulants) reported rates in college populations. Subgroups of students demonstrated higher rates of nonmedical use, including whites, students involved with fraternities or sororities, and low academic achievers. That friends were the primary source of misused medications indicates that diversion of prescription-only controlled substances likely occurs among student pharmacists. Nonmedical prescription medication use should be considered in the context of other substance use.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Analgesics, Opioid, Attention/drug effects, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/ethnology, Pain/drug therapy, Peer Group, Prescription Drugs, Prevalence, Recreation, Risk Factors, Schools, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/ethnology, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lord,S., Downs,G., Furtaw,P., Chaudhuri,A., Silverstein,A., Gammaitoni,A., Budman,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Understanding youth: using qualitative methods to verify quantitative community indicators | 2009 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Health Promot Pract
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
10
Issue
1
Start Page
128
Other Pages
35
Notes
ID: 17971480
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Community- and individual-level data were collected from interviews with 1,294 boys and girls, 13 to 19 years old, in three impoverished urban communities of Beirut. Univariate analyses of variables provide quantitative indicators of adolescents' lives and communities. Researchers including the authors, interested in using these indicators to plan for community interventions with youth in the Palestinian refugee camp, discuss the pertinent results with youth from the camp in six focus groups. The authors find that many indicators misrepresent the situation of youth in the camp. For example, adolescents may have underreported cigarette and argileh (water pipe) smoking (8.3% and 22.4%, respectively) because of the lack of social desirability of these behaviors; other questions may have been misunderstood, such as perceived health and health compared to others. Also, important issues for them such as drug abuse, violence, and school problems were not asked. Implications for intervention research are discussed.
Descriptors
Health Promotion/organization & administration, Health Status Indicators, Poverty Areas, Refugees/psychology, Social Problems, Adolescent, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Lebanon, Male, Questionnaires, Urban Population, Young Adult
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17971480
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Makhoul,Jihad, Nakkash,Rima
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Association between serum cholesterol and bone mineral density | 2009 | Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia. jmakovey@med.usyd.edu.au | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Bone
Periodical, Abbrev.
Bone
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
44
Issue
2
Start Page
208
Other Pages
213
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8504048; 0 (Cholesterol, HDL); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Triglycerides); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); 2008/05/29 [received]; 2008/08/14 [revised]; 2008/09/26 [accepted]; 2008/10/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1873-2763; 1873-2763
Accession Number
PMID: 18983946
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Twin Study; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.020 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18983946
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolaemia has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in some but not all studies. OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of age, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the relationship between serum cholesterol and BMD in women. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: 497 female participants (age range 20-81) comprising 224 premenopausal and 273 postmenopausal women (156 on HRT and 117 no HRT) underwent measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profile. RESULTS: Total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher and lumbar spine BMD was lower in postmenopausal women not taking HRT compared to those taking HRT. TC and LDL were negatively associated with BMD at all measured sites among postmenopausal women not taking HRT in univariate regression analysis (all p<0.05). High density lipoprotein (HDL) had inverse relationships with BMD at all sites in pre-menopausal women and those who were exposed to HRT (p<0.05). In fully adjusted regression models the relationships between TC and BMD remained significant at the lumbar spine and whole body (p<0.05) and between LDL and lumbar spine BMD only (p<0.05). For subjects in the other groups, no significant associations between TC or LDL and BMD were found. Significant interactions between total cholesterol and LDL levels with HRT were detected among post-menopausal women in the regression analyses (all p<0.05). No such interactions were found between HDL levels and HRT. CONCLUSION: There is a modest inverse relationship between lumbar spine and whole body BMD and serum TC and LDL levels and in post-menopausal women and HDL in pre-menopausal women. HRT use appears to modify these relationships. The mechanisms of this relationship require further study.
Descriptors
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density/physiology, Cholesterol/blood, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Female, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae/physiology, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Triglycerides/blood
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Makovey,J., Chen,J. S., Hayward,C., Williams,F. M., Sambrook,P. N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20081017
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Replicon typing of plasmids in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases | 2009 | Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6, Faculte de Medecine, Site Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, EA 2392 Paris, France. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Antimicrob.Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
63
Issue
1
Start Page
67
Other Pages
71
Notes
JID: 7513617; 0 (DNA Transposable Elements); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2008/10/18 [aheadofprint]; 2008/10/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1460-2091; 0305-7453
Accession Number
PMID: 18931389
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/jac/dkn428 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18931389
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are spreading worldwide. The aim of this work was to investigate the replicons involved in the emergence and spread of ESBLs in relation to ESBL type. METHODS: A collection of 125 TEM, SHV and CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli strains was analysed. The replicons carrying the ESBLs and the total plasmid content of the strains have been characterized by PCR replicon typing in relation to the type of ESBL. The ESBL replicons were then compared with the replicon content of E. coli strains carrying TEM-1 or inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamases. RESULTS: IncF plasmids were the most frequently carried replicons in our collection, but none carried TEM ESBL. Of TEM ESBLs, 67% were carried on IncA/C replicons except for TEM-52 genes, which were carried preferentially on IncI1 replicons. Although CTX-M enzymes can be carried by various replicons, the great majority of genes encoding CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 ESBLs were carried by IncF replicons, as were TEM-1 and IRT beta-lactamases. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance genes borne by the narrow host-range IncF replicon spread readily as this replicon is well adapted to E. coli. This is observed for blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 and, to a lesser extent, for blaCTX-M-14. Transposition immunity seems to play an important role in the diffusion process.
Descriptors
DNA Transposable Elements, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics, Humans, Plasmids/classification, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Replicon, beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/genetics
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marcade,G., Deschamps,C., Boyd,A., Gautier,V., Picard,B., Branger,C., Denamur,E., Arlet,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20081018
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| CO exposure, puff topography, and subjective effects in waterpipe tobacco smokers | 2009 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine Tob Res
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
11
Issue
7
Start Page
806
Other Pages
11
Notes
ID: 19420278
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity though the toxicant exposure and effects associated with this tobacco use method are not well understood. METHODS: Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age +/- SD, 30.9 +/- 9.5 years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes, 7.8 +/- 5.7; mean duration of waterpipe smoking 8.5 +/- 6.1 years) abstained from smoking for at least 24 hr and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory. Before and after smoking, expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and subjective effects were assessed; puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: The mean waterpipe use episode duration was 33.1 +/- 13.1 min. Expired-air CO increased significantly from a mean of 4.0 +/- 1.7 before to 35.5 +/- 32.7 after smoking. On average, participants took 169 +/- 100 puffs, with a mean puff volume of 511 +/- 333 ml. Urge to smoke, restlessness, craving, and other tobacco abstinence symptoms were reduced significantly after smoking, while ratings of dizzy, lightheaded, and other direct effects of nicotine increased. DISCUSSION: Expired-air CO and puff topography data indicate that, relative to a single cigarette, a single waterpipe tobacco smoking episode is associated with greater smoke exposure. Abstinent waterpipe tobacco smokers report symptoms similar to those reported by abstinent cigarette smokers, and these symptoms are reduced by subsequent waterpipe tobacco smoking. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking is likely associated with the risk of tobacco/nicotine dependence.
Descriptors
Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Syria, Water, Young Adult
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699927/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp066
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,Wasim, Rastam,Samer, Ibrahim,Iman, Ward,Kenneth D., Shihadeh,Alan, Eissenberg,Thomas
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| In vitro analyses of the combination of high-dose doxycycline and antifungal agents against Candida albicans biofilms | 2009 | Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
34
Issue
4
Start Page
326
Other Pages
332
Notes
LR: 20140603; GR: T32 AI007538/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9111860; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); N12000U13O (Doxycycline); 2009/01/18 [received]; 2009/0
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1872-7913; 0924-8579
Accession Number
PMID: 19515537
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.011 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19515537
Abstract
The potential of antifungal agents used as antimicrobial lock therapy (ALT) for the conservative management of catheter-related candidemia has not been fully defined. We sought to determine the antifungal effect of high-dose doxycycline (DOX), alone or in combination with standard concentrations of amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CAS) or fluconazole (FLC), against biofilms formed by Candida albicans in vitro. DOX alone (at 2048 microg/mL and 1024 microg/mL) demonstrated up to an 85% reduction of the metabolic activity of the C. albicans biofilm. Regardless of the concentration tested, FLC alone showed minimal activity (mean 22.9% reduction) against the C. albicans biofilm. When DOX 2048 microg/mL was used in combination with FLC, antifungal activity also increased up to 85%, suggesting an additive effect. DOX 128 microg/mL in combination with FLC demonstrated synergy (mean 58.3% reduction). The combination of DOX 2048 microg/mL or 512 microg/mL and AMB was superior to AMB alone at low concentrations (0.25-0.03125 microg/mL). However, DOX 128 microg/mL was antagonistic in combination with low concentrations of AMB. Maximal efficacy against the biofilm was observed with CAS at 8-0.25 microg/mL compared with FLC and AMB alone. A paradoxical effect (PE) occurred with CAS at 16 microg/mL, which showed a marked reduction in antifungal activity compared with lower concentrations of CAS. CAS at 16 microg/mL in combination with either DOX 2048 microg/mL or 512 microg/mL resulted in attenuation of the PE. These findings suggest that a high-dose DOX-based ALT strategy in combination with traditional antifungal agents may be useful for the treatment of C. albicans biofilms.
Descriptors
Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Doxycycline/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Drug Interactions, Drug Therapy, Combination, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Miceli,M. H., Bernardo,S. M., Lee,S. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090609
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Selective vulnerability of the inner ear to decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt: the role of tissue gas supersaturation | 2009 | Dept. of Anesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. dr.m@xtra.co.nz | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Appl.Physiol.(1985)
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
106
Issue
1
Start Page
298
Other Pages
301
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8502536; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2008/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
8750-7587; 0161-7567
Accession Number
PMID: 18801958
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.90915.2008 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18801958
Abstract
Inner ear decompression sickness has been strongly associated with the presence of right-to-left shunts. The implied involvement of intravascular bubbles shunted from venous to arterial circulations is inconsistent with the frequent absence of cerebral symptoms in these cases. If arterial bubbles reach the labyrinthine artery, they must also be distributing widely in the brain. This discrepancy could be explained by slower inert gas washout from the inner ear after diving and the consequent tendency for arterial bubbles entering this supersaturated territory to grow because of inward diffusion of gas. Published models for inner ear and brain inert gas kinetics were used to predict tissue gas tensions after an air dive to 4 atm absolute for 25 min. The models predict half-times for nitrogen washout of 8.8 min and 1.2 min for the inner ear and brain, respectively. The inner ear remains supersaturated with nitrogen for longer after diving than the brain, and in the simulated dive, for a period that corresponds with the latency of typical cases. It is therefore plausible that prolonged inner ear inert gas supersaturation contributes to the selective vulnerability of the inner ear to short latency decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt.
Descriptors
Adaptation, Physiological, Brain/metabolism/physiopathology, Computer Simulation, Decompression Sickness/blood/complications/physiopathology, Diffusion, Diving, Ear, Inner/metabolism/physiopathology, Embolism, Air/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Foramen Ovale, Patent/blood/complications/physiopathology, Humans, Kinetics, Labyrinth Diseases/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Models, Biological, Nitrogen/blood, Partial Pressure, Reaction Time
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mitchell,S. J., Doolette,D. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080918
PMCID
Editors
|
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