Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of the drug consumption among Chilean university students | 2011 | Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. jsepulve@udec.cl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revista medica de Chile
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Med.Chil.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
139
Issue
7
Start Page
856
Other Pages
863
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 0404312; 0 (Street Drugs); 2011/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Chile
ISSN/ISBN
0717-6163; 0034-9887
Accession Number
PMID: 22051822
Language
spa
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
/S0034-98872011000700005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22051822
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug abuse is one of the main public health problems and mostly involves young people. AIM: To determine the prevalence of drug consumption among university students and its associated social factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire exploring consumption of drugs and social-demographic, economic and religious variables, was applied to 1577 third year students aged 22 +/- 2 years (54% females) of a public university. RESULTS: Sixty eight percent of the students were of middle socioeconomic class, 71 % belonged to some religion and 29% declared themselves as agnostic. Ninety six percent drank alcohol at least once and 29% never smoked. Among illicit drugs, marijuana was consumed by 22% followed by cocaine in 5.3%o, hallucinogenic drugs in 2.6 % >, inhalants in 2.3% > and cocaine free base in 1.4%). Six percent consumed stimulants and 13.8%>, sedatives. A higher economic income facilitated drug consumption and the adscription to a religion was protective against it. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol is the most commonly consumed drug, and is the substance that generates more problems to students.
Descriptors
Age of Onset, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Chile, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Religion, Smoking/epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Street Drugs/supply & distribution, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sepulveda,C. M. J., Roa,S. J., Munoz,R. M.
Original/Translated Title
Estudio cuantitativo del consumo de drogas y factores sociodemograficos asociados en estudiantes de una universidad tradicional chilena
URL
Date of Electronic
20110916
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Breath carbon monoxide levels in different forms of smoking | 2011 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Chest Dis.Allied Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
53
Issue
1
Start Page
25
Other Pages
8
Notes
ID: 21446221
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum are common modes of tobacco smoking in India. Many people consider hookah and chillum smoking less toxic because smoke is filtered through water or wet cloth. We evaluated the toxicity of tobacco smoking by measuring end-tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels after various modes of smoking. METHODS: Eighteen healthy smokers who smoked bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum on six days were studied. They smoked one bidi, one cigarette, five minutes hookah, one serve (15 minutes) hookah, five minutes chillum and one serve (15 minutes) chillum on six days randomly. The eCO values were measured before initiation of smoking and for a period of one hour after the smoking session. Increase in eCO values in comparison to baseline after different modes of smoking was compared. RESULTS: In comparison to baseline, mean eCO levels were raised by 4.94 (0.96) parts per million (ppm) immediately and 4.17 (1.07) ppm 60 minutes after cigarette smoking. Bidi smoking caused slightly less increase in mean eCO levels (3.17 0.82]). One serve of hookah and chillum smoking caused elevation of mean eCO values by almost eight-folds higher than that of cigarette smoking. Five minutes of smoking with hookah (22.18 5.29]) and one serve of hookah (33.0 8.76]) and chillum (40.14 12.73]) caused significantly higher values of mean increase in eCO in comparison to cigarette smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: With regard to eCO levels, hookah and chillum smoking are much more toxic than cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Smoking/metabolism, Adult, Breath Tests, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Tobacco/toxicity
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21446221
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Singh,Sheetu, Soumya,M., Saini,Anirudh, Mittal,Varun, Singh,Udai Veer, Singh,Virendra
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Acid-etch interval and shear bond strength of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-prepared enamel and dentin | 2010 | Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, South Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA. drali@uab.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Lasers in medical science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Lasers Med.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
25
Issue
3
Start Page
363
Other Pages
369
Notes
LR: 20141120; JID: 8611515; 2008/07/02 [received]; 2009/01/29 [accepted]; 2009/03/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1435-604X; 0268-8921
Accession Number
PMID: 19288054
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10103-009-0652-9 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19288054
Abstract
The formation of a superficial layer of tiny flakes has been observed on teeth prepared by Erbium lasers. It has been suggested that removing this layer (mechanically or chemically) may increase the bond strength of the resin composite. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of various etching times on bond strength of resin composite to enamel and dentin prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Sixty previously flattened human molars were irradiated for 10 s by an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Enamel (E) specimens were etched with 37% H(3)PO(4) for 20, 40 or 60 s and dentin (D) specimens were etched for 15 or 30 s. All specimens were prepared for a standard shear bond strength (SBS) test (1 mm/min). Data were analyzed [ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc, a < 0.05)] and the failure mode was studied under SEM. Mean SBS+/-sd (MPa) for each group was 16.97 +/- 7.77 (E20s), 21.34 +/- 3.55 (E40s), 14.08 +/- 4.77 (E60s), 13.62 +/- 7.28 (D15s) and 13.15 +/- 6.25 (D30s). SBS for E40s was significantly higher than E60s (p = 0.023). No difference was noted between the dentin groups. SEM evaluation showed predominantly cohesive failure. Within the limits of this study, etching time significantly influenced the SBS of composite resin to laser-prepared enamel. SEM showed subsurface cracks, fissures, and deformities leading to predominantly cohesive failure in both enamel and dentin.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/physiology/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Dentin/physiology/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molar/physiology/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Shear Strength
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Obeidi,A., Liu,P. R., Ramp,L. C., Beck,P., Gutknecht,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090314
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Predictors of adherence to nicotine gum and counseling among African-American light smokers | 2010 | Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of general internal medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Gen.Intern.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
25
Issue
9
Start Page
969
Other Pages
976
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: R01 CA091912/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA091912/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8605834; 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Placebos); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2917663; 2009/06/23 [received]; 2010/04/07
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1525-1497; 0884-8734
Accession Number
PMID: 20495885
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1007/s11606-010-1386-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20495885
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A high proportion of African-American smokers are light smokers, and they experience low smoking cessation rates and disproportionately high tobacco-related morbidity; yet no studies have examined tobacco treatment adherence in this group. OBJECTIVES: To determine the predictors of adherence to nicotine gum and counseling among African-American light smokers (defined as smoking < or =10 cigarettes/day), and the effects of adherence on smoking cessation. DESIGN: Data were from a 2 x 2 randomized, placebo-controlled smoking cessation trial of nicotine gum (2 mg versus placebo) and counseling (motivational interviewing versus health education). PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred fifty-five African-American light smokers at a community-based clinic. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic and health-related information, smoking behaviors, psychosocial variables, adherence to nicotine gum and counseling, and cotinine-verified 7-day abstinence from smoking at week-26 follow-up. RESULTS: A logistic regression model showed that having a higher body mass index (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.05), more quit attempts in the past year (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.07), higher baseline exhaled carbon monoxide (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.48), and higher perceived stress (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.22) increased the likelihood of adherence to nicotine gum. Being a high school graduate was a predictor of adherence to counseling (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.44). Surprisingly, being adherent to nicotine gum significantly reduced the odds of smoking cessation (OR = 0.50, CI = 0.28 to 0.87). On the other hand, adherence to counseling dramatically increased the likelihood of smoking cessation (OR = 3.32, CI = 1.36 to 8.08). CONCLUSIONS: Individual risk factors may influence adherence to nicotine gum and counseling. Improving psychological interventions and promoting adherence to counseling may increase overall smoking cessation success among African-American light smokers.
Descriptors
Adult, African Americans, Behavior Therapy, Body Mass Index, Chewing Gum, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence/ethnology, Middle Aged, Nicotine/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use, Odds Ratio, Placebos, Smoking/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/methods/psychology, Treatment Failure
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Okuyemi,K. S., Zheng,H., Guo,H., Ahluwalia,J. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100521
PMCID
PMC2917663
Editors
|
|||
| Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters by ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | 2010 | Selcuk University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey. sozcan@selcuk.edu.tr | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytica Chimica Acta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Chim.Acta
Pub Date Free Form
30-Apr
Volume
665
Issue
2
Start Page
193
Other Pages
199
Notes
CI: Copyright 2010; JID: 0370534; 2009/11/24 [received]; 2010/03/23 [revised]; 2010/03/23 [accepted]; 2010/03/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4324; 0003-2670
Accession Number
PMID: 20417330
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.047 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20417330
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) procedure was developed for the extraction of US EPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 10 mL of water samples, with subsequent determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After determination of the most suitable solvent and solvent volume, several other parameters (i.e., extraction time, centrifugation time and ionic strength of the sample) were optimized using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. Limits of detection ranged from 0.001 to 0.036 microg L(-1). The developed procedure was applied to fortified distilled water with different fortification levels (0.5, 2 and 5 microg L(-1)). Recoveries were over 92% and relative standard deviations of the recoveries were below 8%. The efficiency of the USAEME was compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction on real water samples (i.e., tap water, well water and surface (lake) water as well as domestic and industrial wastewaters). The USAEME showed comparable efficiencies especially with LLE. The developed USAEME was demonstrated to be robust, viable, simple, rapid and easy to use for the determination of PAHs in water samples by GC-MS.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Ozcan,S., Tor,A., Aydin,M. E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100329
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of broth microdilution and E-test methods for the antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida spp. strains isolated from blood cultures | 2010 | Kocaeli Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Tibbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dali, Kocaeli. keceliozcan@yahoo.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Mikrobiyoloji bulteni
Periodical, Abbrev.
Mikrobiyol.Bul.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
44
Issue
2
Start Page
263
Other Pages
271
Notes
JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); ppublish
Place of Publication
Turkey
ISSN/ISBN
0374-9096; 0374-9096
Accession Number
PMID: 20549961
Language
tur
SubFile
Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20549961
Abstract
The incidence of serious fungal infections, particularly invasive Candida infections exhibit an increasing trend in the last decades since the number of patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment is increasing. This situation eventually results in an increment in resistance to antifungal agents. The aim of this study was to compare the standard broth microdilution (BMD) and E-test methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from blood cultures in our hospital, against fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B. A total of 46 Candida strains isolated from the blood cultures by BACTEC 9000 (Becton Dickinson, USA) and identified by conventional techniques and API 20C AUX (BioMerieux, France) during January 2006-December 2007, were included into this study. The identification results of the isolates were as follows: C. albicans (23), C. parapsilosis (10), C. tropicalis (5), C. krusei (3), C. famata (2), C. glabrata (1), C. guilliermondii (1), C. kefyr (1). The antifungal susceptibilities were determined by BMD method described in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 document and E-test. Only two isolates (C. albicans and C. globrata) were found to be resistant to fluconazole with E-test but susceptible with BMD. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of caspofungin were higher (MIC = 1-2 microg/ml) in C. parapsilosis compared to other Candida species using E-test. Only one C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole by E-test (MIC = 4 microg/ml), but it was susceptible by BMD (MIC = 0.08 microg/ml). Since definite resistance breakpoints do not yet exist for amphotericin B, MIC values were considered for amphotericin B and it was found that all strains had identical low MIC values (< 0.002-0.5). When E-test results were compared with the standard BMD results, MIC values were in agreement 80.4% for fluconazole, 84.7% for amphotericin B, 95.6% for voriconazole and 93.4% for caspofungin. These results indicated that the most frequently isolated Candida species among blood cultures was C. albicans, followed by C. parapsilosis and these isolates had low antifungal resistance rates. When voriconazol and caspofungin susceptibilities were considered, both E-test and BMD susceptibility results were in good aggreement in comparison to fluconazol and amphotericin B. E-test can be considered as a compatible method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species compared to standard broth microdilution method.
Descriptors
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects, Candidiasis/microbiology, Fungemia/microbiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods/standards
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ozcan,S. K., Mutlu,B., Dundar,D., Willke,A.
Original/Translated Title
Kan kulturlerinden izole edilen Candida spp. suslarinin antifungal ilaclara karsi duyarliliklarinin belirlenmesinde buyyon mikrodilusyon ile E-test yontemlerinin karsilastirilmasi
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes | 2010 | The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 1 University Station, C1761, Austin, TX 78712-0278, United States. rajeshp@mail.utexas.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Periodical, Abbrev.
Accid.Anal.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
42
Issue
6
Start Page
1839
Other Pages
1854
Notes
CI: 2010; JID: 1254476; 2009/08/17 [received]; 2010/05/04 [revised]; 2010/05/10 [accepted]; 2010/06/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1879-2057; 0001-4575
Accession Number
PMID: 20728635
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aap.2010.05.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20728635
Abstract
In this paper, we capture the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior while assessing the influence of a comprehensive set of variables on injury severity. In doing so, we are able to account for the indirect effects of variables on injury severity through their influence on aggressive driving behavior, as well as the direct effect of variables on injury severity. The methodology used in the paper to accommodate the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior takes the form of two models--one for aggressive driving and another for injury severity. These are appropriately linked to obtain the indirect and direct effects of variables. The data for estimation is obtained from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Study (NMVCCS). From an empirical standpoint, we consider a fine age categorization until 20 years of age when examining age effects on aggressive driving behavior and injury severity. There are several important results from the empirical analysis undertaken in the current paper based on post-crash data collection on aggressive behavior participation just prior to the crash and injury severity sustained in a crash. Young drivers (especially novice drivers between 16 and 17 years of age), drivers who are not wearing seat belt, under the influence of alcohol, not having a valid license, and driving a pick-up are found to be most likely to behave aggressively. Situational, vehicle, and roadway factors such as young drivers traveling with young passengers, young drivers driving an SUV or a pick-up truck, driving during the morning rush hour, and driving on roads with high speed limits are also found to trigger aggressive driving behavior. In terms of vehicle occupants, the safest situation from a driver injury standpoint is when there are two or more passengers in the vehicle, at least one of whom is above the age of 20 years. These and many other results are discussed, along with implications of the result for graduated driving licensing (GDL) programs.
Descriptors
Accidents, Traffic/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aggression/psychology, Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology/prevention & control, Automobile Driving/psychology, Causality, City Planning, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Econometric, Motor Vehicles, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Seat Belts/utilization, Sex Factors, Social Environment, United States, Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/psychology, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Paleti,R., Eluru,N., Bhat,C. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100602
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Smoking habits among Iranian general practitioners | 2010 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Egypt Public Health Assoc
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
85
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
97
Other Pages
112
Notes
ID: 21073850
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the most important public health problems and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. General practitioners (GPs) as a key person play a great role in public health policy and public smoking behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify general practitioners' smoking practices. The main research question was what proportions of physicians are smoking and what their pattern of smoking is. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a WHO-based questionnaire. A sample size of 5140 general practitioners selected by stratified random sampling method from a total of 25,600 practitioners all over the country at the time of the study participated in the study. RESULTS: Seventy four percent of the subjects were males. Out of them, 22.3% had a history of smoking at some point of their life; about 4.6 % have ceased it; 8.3% had occasional history of smoking and the remaining 7.6% mentioned a daily smoking pattern, while 77.7% of them have never smoked. At the time of study, 15% were smoking. About 60% of smoking physicians had started smoking from the age of 21-30 years. The mean, the minimum and the maximum number of daily cigarettes were respectively 6.62 ± 6.15, 1, and 40 cigarettes. After cigarettes, the most common tobacco products used by physicians were respectively pipes (4.7%), Shisha (4.3%), and cigars (3.9%). There were significant relationship between smoking pattern of GPs and some factors such as their age of onset of smoking, gender, knowledge about smoking side effects, and attitude towards smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A considerable proportion of Iranian practitioners were currently smoking. There is a need for specific strategies to encourage smoking physicians to quit. These data should help policy makers and other key persons seeking effective programs to reduce tobacco use among GPs in Iran.
Descriptors
Attitude of Health Personnel, General Practitioners/statistics & numerical data, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Age Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Young Adult
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21073850
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Peykari,Niloo F., Tehrani,Fahimeh R., Afzali,Hossein M., Dovvon,Marzieh R., Djalalinia,Shirin S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Symptoms of nicotine dependence in a cohort of Swedish youths: a comparison between smokers, smokeless tobacco users and dual tobacco users | 2010 | Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. ann.post@ki.se | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addiction
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
105
Issue
4
Start Page
740
Other Pages
746
Notes
JID: 9304118; CIN: Addiction. 2010 Apr;105(4):747-8. PMID: 20403023; 2010/02/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1360-0443; 0965-2140
Accession Number
PMID: 20148785
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02852.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20148785
Abstract
AIMS: To determine whether symptoms of nicotine dependence, addiction and withdrawal symptoms differ between exclusive smokers, exclusive snus (moist snuff) users and dual users. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of a cohort subsample. Setting County of Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Current exclusive smokers (n = 466), exclusive snus users (n = 209) and dual users (n = 144), mean age 17.6 years. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported life-time experience of nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms in periods of discontinued tobacco use. Selected items from the modified Fagerstom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ), the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). FINDINGS: The odds ratio of endorsing each of four mFTQ items as well as the HONC item investigating the risk of feeling addicted to tobacco was two to five-fold higher for exclusive snus users and for dual users compared to exclusive smokers. One DSM-IV item (difficult to refrain from use) was elevated among dual users compared to smokers. Dual users reported the highest prevalence of any withdrawal symptom in contrast to exclusive snus users, who reported a lower risk of withdrawal symptoms compared to exclusive smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokeless tobacco users show symptoms of nicotine dependence at least as frequently as cigarette smokers. Symptoms of nicotine dependence and of withdrawal during quit attempts are particularly frequent in the subgroup of users who combine smokeless tobacco with smoking.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology, Child, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Post,A., Gilljam,H., Rosendahl,I., Bremberg,S., Galanti,M. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100209
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey | 2010 | Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Kayseri, Turkey. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Upsala journal of medical sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ups.J.Med.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
115
Issue
3
Start Page
210
Other Pages
216
Notes
LR: 20141203; JID: 0332203; OID: NLM: PMC2939523; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2000-1967; 0300-9734
Accession Number
PMID: 20636256
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.3109/03009734.2010.487164 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20636256
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors. METHODS: A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 questions was applied. Chi-square test and logistic regression method were performed for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was found to be 32.7%. The prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was 28.6% in the medical and 37.5% in the non-medical students. It was determined that 41.6% of the males and 20.2% of the females currently smoke waterpipe. Gender, cigarette smoking, and the presence of waterpipe smokers among family members and friends have significant effects on the prevalence of waterpipe smoking. Residence and economical status of the family and with whom the students live have no significant effect on the prevalence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-third of the students currently smoke waterpipe. Smoking of both cigarette and waterpipe was frequently found. The measures against all tobacco products should be combined.
Descriptors
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Students, Medical, Turkey/epidemiology, Universities
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Authors
Poyrazoglu,S., Sarli,S., Gencer,Z., Gunay,O.
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PMCID
PMC2939523
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