Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal, indoor, and outdoor exposure to VOCs in the immediate vicinity of a local airport | 2011 | New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute, 1 DeKorte Park Plaza, Lyndhurst, NJ 07071, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental monitoring and assessment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Monit.Assess.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
173
Issue
4-Jan
Start Page
555
Other Pages
567
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 6WAC1O477V (4-xylene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); Z2474E14QP (2-xylene); 2009/05/05 [received]; 2010/02/11 [accepted]; 2010/0
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1573-2959; 0167-6369
Accession Number
PMID: 20237839
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10661-010-1404-9 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20237839
Abstract
This study measures the effect of emissions from an airport on the air quality of surrounding neighborhoods. The ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene (BTEX) were measured using passive samplers at 15 households located close to the airport (indoor, outdoor, and personal), at the end of airport runways and an out-of-neighborhood location. Measurements occurred over a 48-h period during summer 2006 and winter 2006-2007. The average concentrations were 0.84, 3.21, 0.30, 0.99, and 0.34 mug/m3 at the airport runways and 0.84, 3.76, 0.39, 1.22, and 0.39 mug/m3 in the neighborhood for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-, p-, and o-xylene. The average neighborhood concentrations were not significantly different to those measured at the airport runways and were higher than the out-of-neighborhood location (0.48, 1.09, 0.15, 0.78, and 0.43 mug/m3, each BTEX). B/T ratios were used as a tracer for emission sources and the average B/T ratio at the airport and outdoors were 0.20 and 0.23 for the summer and 0.40 and 0.42 for the winter, suggesting that both areas are affected by the same emission source. Personal exposure was closely related to levels in the indoor environment where subjects spent most of their time. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for BTEX ranged from 1.13 to 2.60 and 1.41 to 3.02 for summer and winter. The seasonal differences in I/O ratios reflected residential ventilation patterns, resulting in increased indoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds during winter.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jung,K.H., Artigas,F., Shin,J.Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100317
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Smoking outdoors at pubs and bars: is it a problem? An air quality study | 2011 | Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. richard.edwards@otago.ac.nz | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The New Zealand medical journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
N.Z.Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Dec
Volume
124
Issue
1347
Start Page
27
Other Pages
37
Notes
JID: 0401067; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); epublish
Place of Publication
New Zealand
ISSN/ISBN
1175-8716; 0028-8446
Accession Number
PMID: 22237565
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22237565
Abstract
AIMS: (i) To measure air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas of pubs and bars in New Zealand. (ii) To evaluate evidence of drift of fine particulates of secondhand smoke (SHS) from semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas to indoor (smoke-free) areas. (iii) To evaluate evidence that the degree of communication between the outdoor smoking area and indoor areas influences the level of particulates indoors. METHODS: We measured fine particulate levels (PM(2.5)) using portable real-time aerosol monitors in a convenience sample of seven pubs and bars in central Wellington City. This was on one to three occasions (12 measurements in total) over four different nights. RESULTS: On the first two nights, when there was no or infrequent communication between the outdoor and indoor areas, the mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 32 to 109 mug/m(3) in the outdoor smoking area, and from 14 to 79 mug/m(3) in the adjacent indoor areas. On nights three and four, communicating doors were generally open most of the time. The mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 29 to 192 mug/m(3) in the smoking areas, from 36 to 117 mug/m(3) in adjacent indoor areas, and from 23 to 104 mug/m(3) in more distant indoor areas. Levels of PM(2.5) in adjacent indoor areas were highest in pubs where communicating doors were open all the time (mean 117 mug/m(3)), intermediate where communicating doors were open intermittently (mean 85 mug/m(3)), and lowest when they were wholly or mainly closed (mean 25 mug/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas was variable, and in some pubs was very poor. Where free communication exists between outdoor smoking areas and indoor areas, SHS drift can often greatly reduce indoor air quality throughout the pub or bar. Regulations to restrict the degree of communication and proximity of smoking areas to indoor areas may be justified to maintain indoor air quality and to protect health, particularly that of workers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Edwards,R., Wilson,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111216
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A novel assay of biofilm antifungal activity reveals that amphotericin B and caspofungin lyse Candida albicans cells in biofilms | 2011 | Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Yeast (Chichester, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Yeast
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
28
Issue
8
Start Page
561
Other Pages
568
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; GR: 1R01AI075033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8607637; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); EC 2.7.4.3 (Adenylate Kinase); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2011/
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1097-0061; 0749-503X
Accession Number
PMID: 21674619
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1002/yea.1860 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21674619
Abstract
The ability of Candida albicans to form drug-resistant biofilms is an important factor in its contribution to human disease. Assays to identify and characterize molecules with activity against fungal biofilms are crucial for the development of drugs with improved anti-biofilm activity. Here we report the application of an adenylate kinase (AK)-based cytotoxicity assay of fungal cell lysis to the characterization of agents active against C. albicans biofilms. We have developed three protocols for the AK assay. The first measures AK activity in the supernatants of biofilms treated with antifungal drugs and can be performed in parallel with a standard 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide-based biofilm susceptibility assay; a second, more sensitive protocol measures the AK activity present within the biofilm matrix; and a third procedure allows the direct visualization of lytic activity toward biofilms formed on catheter material. Amphotericin B and caspofungin, the two most effective anti-biofilm drugs currently used to treat fungal infections, both directly lyse planktonic C. albicans cells in vitro, leading to the release of AK into the culture medium. These studies serve to validate the AK-based lysis assay as a useful addition to the methods for the characterization of antifungal agents active toward biofilms and provide insights into the mode of action of amphotericin B and caspofungin against C. albicans biofilms.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Data Source
Authors
DiDone,L., Oga,D., Krysan,D.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110615
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether and their derivatives in canned food and beverages | 2011 | Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
25-Mar
Volume
1218
Issue
12
Start Page
1603
Other Pages
1610
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2010/09/17 [received]; 2011/01/07 [revised]; 2011/01/11 [accepted]; 2011
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 21333297
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21333297
Abstract
In this work a fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a C18 Fused Core column, was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.H(2)O), bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H(2)O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.HCl), bisphenol A bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2HCl) and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)(2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether) (BADGE.HCl.H(2)O) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), bisphenol F bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE.2H(2)O), bisphenol F bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE.2HCl). The LC method was coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, using an ESI source in positive mode and using the [M+NH(4)](+) adduct as precursor ion for tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The method developed was applied to the determination of these compounds in canned soft drinks and canned food. OASIS HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used for the analysis of soft drinks, while solid canned food was extracted with ethyl acetate. Method limits of quantitation ranged from 0.13 mugL(-1) to 1.6 mugL(-1) in soft drinks and 1.0 mugkg(-1) to 4.0 mugkg(-1) in food samples. BADGE.2H(2)O was detected in all the analyzed samples, while other BADGEs such as BADGE.H(2)O, BADGE.HCl.H(2)O, BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl were also detected in canned foods.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Gallart-Ayala,H., Moyano,E., Galceran,M.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110118
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Incremental efficacy of adding bupropion to the nicotine patch for smoking cessation in smokers with a recent history of alcohol dependence: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | 2011 | Univeristy of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. david.kalman@umassmed.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Nov
Volume
118
Issue
3-Feb
Start Page
111
Other Pages
118
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.; GR: K01-DA-019446/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA017370-06/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-DA11713-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 01ZG3TPX31 (B
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 21507585
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21507585
Abstract
AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of smoking cessation treatment using a combination of nicotine patch and bupropion vs. nicotine patch and placebo bupropion. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the efficacy of bupropion is moderated by belief about whether one is receiving active or placebo medication. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a residential substance abuse treatment program and the community. We randomly assigned 148 smokers with between 2 and 12 months of alcohol abstinence to nicotine patch plus bupropion or nicotine patch plus placebo. All participants also received seven counseling sessions. RESULTS: At follow up, differences between medication conditions were not significant. Seven-day point prevalence quit rates in the patch plus bupropion vs. patch plus placebo conditions at week 24 were 6% and 11%, respectively. Differences between groups on prolonged abstinence and time to first smoking lapse were also not significant. However, among participants who received bupropion, those who accurately "guessed" that they were receiving bupropion were more likely to remain abstinent than those who incorrectly believed they were receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Findings do not support combining nicotine patch and bupropion for smoking cessation in this population. However, findings support previous studies suggesting the importance of assessing the blind in smoking cessation studies and its possible moderating effect on medication efficacy. Future directions for enhancing smoking cessation outcome in these smokers include investigations of intensive behavioral and pharmacological interventions, including studies of potential interactions between individual genetic differences and medication efficacy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kalman,D., Herz,L., Monti,P., Kahler,C.W., Mooney,M., Rodrigues,S., O'Connor,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110419
PMCID
PMC3142284
Editors
|
|||
| College students and use of K2: an emerging drug of abuse in young persons | 2011 | Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. qmshjwhx@phhp.ufl.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Subst.Abuse Treat.Prev.Policy.
Pub Date Free Form
11-Jul
Volume
6
Issue
Start Page
16
Other Pages
597X-6-16
Notes
LR: 20150204; CI: (c) 2011; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101258060; 0 (Cannabinoids); 0 (Street Drugs); OID: NLM: PMC3142218; 2011/04/12 [
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1747-597X; 1747-597X
Accession Number
PMID: 21745369
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1747-597X-6-16 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21745369
Abstract
BACKGROUND: K2 or "spice" has emerged as a popular legal alternative to marijuana among adolescents and young adults. However, no data has been published assessing prevalence of and associations with ever K2 use in any population. This study's aims were to examine prevalence of ever K2 use among a sample of college students, to determine characteristics of persons who use K2, and to access the association between K2 and other drug use. FINDINGS: Ever use of K2 was reported by 69 (8%) of the sample of 852 college students. Response rate was 36%. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed whether sociodemographic characteristics and other drug use were associated with ever use of K2. Ever use of K2 was reported by 69 (8%) of the sample. Among these 69 individuals, 61 (88%) had used a cigarette and 25 (36%) had used a hookah to smoke K2. In multivariate analyses, K2 use was more common in males (vs. females, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=2.0, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.2-3.5, p=0.01) and 1st or 2nd year college students (vs. 3rd year or above, aOR=2.4, 95% CI=1.2-5.0, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Ever use of K2 in this sample was higher than ever use of many other drugs of abuse that are commonly monitored in adolescents and young adults. Although DEA had banned five synthetic cannabinoids recently, clinicians and public health officials concerned with substance abuse in youth should be aware of and monitor the use of this drug in college students over time.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Hu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Hu,X., Primack,B.A., Barnett,T.E., Cook,R.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110711
PMCID
PMC3142218
Editors
|
|||
| Observation of increased venous gas emboli after wet dives compared to dry dives | 2011 | Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. andreas.mollerlokken@ntnu.no | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
41
Issue
3
Start Page
124
Other Pages
128
Notes
LR: 20141212; JID: 101282742; 2011/01/27 [received]; 2011/07/21 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 21948496
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21948496
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Testing of decompression procedures has been performed both in the dry and during immersion, assuming that the results can be directly compared. To test this, the aim of the present paper was to compare the number of venous gas bubbles observed following a short, deep and a shallow, long air dive performed dry in a hyperbaric chamber and following actual dives in open water. METHODS: Fourteen experienced male divers participated in the study; seven performed dry and wet dives to 24 metres' sea water (msw) for 70 minutes; seven divers performed dry and wet dives to 54 msw for 20 minutes. Decompression followed a Buhlmann decompression procedure. Immediately following the dive, pulmonary artery bubble formation was monitored for two hours. The results were graded according to the method of Eftedal and Brubakk. RESULTS: All divers completed the dive protocol, none of them showed any signs of decompression sickness. During the observation period, following the shallow dives, the bubbles increased from 0.1 bubbles per cm (2) after the dry dive to 1.4 bubbles per cm (2) after the wet dive. Following the deep dives, the bubbles increased from 0.1 bubbles per cm (2) in the dry dive to 2.4 bubbles per cm (2) in the wet dive. Both results are highly significant (P = 0.0001 or less). CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that diving in water produces significantly more gas bubble formation than dry diving. The number of venous gas bubbles observed after decompression in water according to a rather conservative procedure, indicates that accepted standard decompression procedures nevertheless induce considerable decompression stress. We suggest that decompression procedures should aim at keeping venous bubble formation as low as possible.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mollerlokken,A., Breskovic,T., Palada,I., Valic,Z., Dujic,Z., Brubakk,A.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Second-hand smoke levels in Israeli bars, pubs and cafes before and after implementation of smoke-free legislation | 2011 | Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. rosenl@post.tau.ac.il | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
21
Issue
1
Start Page
15
Other Pages
20
Notes
LR: 20121115; JID: 9204966; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/01/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1464-360X; 1101-1262
Accession Number
PMID: 20110272
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/eurpub/ckp243 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20110272
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2007, Israel passed a law to extend existing restrictions on smoking in public places and to strengthen enforcement. Responsibility for ensuring smoke-free indoor public places was placed on establishment owners. Bars and pubs were included in the law for the first time. This study aimed to assess changes in air quality in popular Israeli bars, pubs and cafes after the implementation of law, and to examine changes in patron numbers, percentage of smoking patrons and venue-seating sections. METHODS: Air quality was determined by measuring respirable suspended particles (PM(2.5) mug(-3)) in 33 randomly selected venues in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, including bars, pubs and cafes, before and after law implementation. Numbers of patrons and smoking patrons were recorded. RESULTS: Average respirable small particles (RSP) level was 245 mug(-3) prior to implementation and 161 mug(-3) following implementation of the law, representing a decline of 34% (P = 0.0043). RSP levels decreased in bars and pubs and in cafes. Percentage of smoking patrons declined from 19% to 9% (P = 0.0036). The magnitude of the effect decreased over time (P = 0.0039). Non-smoking establishments were more common following the legislation (P = 0.0047). CONCLUSION: Indoor air pollution from second-hand smoke in Israeli bars, pubs and cafes in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv declined following the implementation of law. This demonstrates that a law to extend existing restrictions and enforcement policies may help protect workers and patrons from tobacco smoke. However, RSP levels in Israeli bars and pubs, especially in Tel Aviv, remain unacceptably high. Enforced, 100% smoke-free laws are essential for complete protection.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Rosen,L.J., Zucker,D.M., Rosen,B.J., Connolly,G.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100128
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| What are Predictive Factors for Developing of Barrett's Esophagus in Patients with Gerd-our Experience | 2011 | Internal Clinic, Service of Gastrohepatology, University clinical center of Prishtina, Republic of Kosova. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Inform.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
19
Issue
3
Start Page
146
Other Pages
148
Notes
LR: 20150901; JID: 101147064; OID: NLM: PMC3570943; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/06/24 [received]; 2011/09/04 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Bosnia and Herzegovina
ISSN/ISBN
0353-8109; 0353-8109
Accession Number
PMID: 23407541
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.5455/aim.2011.19.146-148 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23407541
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced with metaplastic intestinal-type epithelium. This epithelium can progress sequentially from metaplasia to low-grade dysplasia, then to high-grade dysplasia and finally to invasive adenocarcinoma. Many factors that appear to be risk factors for the presence of BE include obesity, the presence of hiatal hernia, and interestingly, the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection. THE AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for progression of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to BE. METHODS: 42 patients with endoscopically diagnosed and histopathologically verified BE were included in this prospective study. We analysed predictive factors such as: age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption and smoking, reflux symptom duration in this patients, prevalence of short and long segment of BE, and the presence of hiatal hernia. After endoscopic examination of these patients, the presence of BE was verified with histopathological examination and finally, infection with H. pylori was determined. RESULTS: Among 42 subjects, 25 (59%) were males and 17 (41%) were females, with mean age of 52.8+/-3.28 years. Obesity was present in 24 of 42 patients (57%). 27 of 42 patients (64%) were smokers. Symptom duration in this patients was approximately 9.4 years. From total number of patients, 52% were with SSBE and 48% patients were with LSBE. Hiatal hernia was present in 64% of patients, of which 66% were with LSBE and 34% with SSBE. In these patients, prevalence of infection with H. pylori was present in 12% of cases, 9.5% in patients with SSBE and 2.5% in patients with LSBE. CONCLUSIONS: The important risk factors for appearance of BE in GERD patients were male sex, middle age, smooking and alcohol consumption. Obesity is an important factor for development of BE. Most of patients with BE also had hiatal hernia, in majority of cases these were patients with LSBE. The prevalence of infection with H. Pylori in patients with BE was lower and this may predict a protective role of this microorganism.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Gashi,Z., Ivkovski,L., Shabani,R., Haziri,A., Juniku-Shkololli,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3570943
Editors
|
|||
| Low-density solvent-based solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the fast determination of trace levels of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples | 2011 | Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
5-Aug
Volume
1218
Issue
31
Start Page
5040
Other Pages
5046
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2011/03/31 [received]; 2011/05/18 [revised]; 2011/05/19 [accepted]; 2011/05/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 21676403
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.069 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21676403
Abstract
For the first time, the low-density solvent-based solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the fast, simple, and efficient determination of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. In the extraction procedure, a mixture of extraction solvent (n-hexane) and dispersive solvent (acetone) was injected into the aqueous sample solution to form an emulsion. A demulsification solvent was then injected into the aqueous solution to break up the emulsion, which turned clear and was separated into two layers. The upper layer (n-hexane) was collected and analyzed by GC-MS. No centrifugation was required in this procedure. Significantly, the extraction needed only 2-3 min, faster than conventional DLLME or similar techniques. Another feature of the procedure was the use of a flexible and disposable polyethylene pipette as the extraction device, which permitted a solvent with a density lighter than water to be used as extraction solvent. This novel method expands the applicability of DLLME to a wider range of solvents. Furthermore, the method was simple and easy to use, and some additional steps usually required in conventional DLLME or similar techniques, such as the aforementioned centrifugation, ultrasonication or agitation of the sample solution, or refrigeration of the extraction solvent were not necessary. Important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method provided a good linearity in the range of 0.05-50 mug/L, low limits of detection (3.7-39.1 ng/L), and good repeatability of the extractions (RSDs below 11%, n=5). The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction of PAHs in rainwater samples, and was demonstrated to be fast, efficient, and convenient.
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Elsevier B.V
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Authors
Guo,L., Lee,H.K.
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20110527
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