Zambia

The National Health Strategic Plan (NHSP) 2022–2026 of Zambia outlines strategic directions to strengthen health services and achieve equitable Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The NHSP was developed to address Zambia's high disease burden, including communicable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis, and the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Significant progress has been recorded in maternal and child health, with reduced under-five and infant mortality rates. However, the prevalence of malnutrition and disease incidence remain above targets. The plan prioritizes improving primary healthcare (PHC), increasing access to essential medicines, and strengthening health governance​. The plan emphasizes six strategic directions: enhancing PHC to achieve UHC, strengthening integrated health systems, addressing social determinants of health, reducing disease burdens, and improving clinical outcomes. Specific targets include reducing maternal mortality to less than 100 per 100,000 live births, and halving neonatal and under-five mortality by 2026. Despite notable advancements, challenges persist. Health workforce shortages, inconsistent supply of essential medicines, and rural healthcare access inequities undermine service delivery. Financing remains a critical concern, with current health allocations falling below the Abuja target of 15% of the national budget. The NHSP emphasizes stronger multi-sectoral partnerships and donor engagement to bridge resource gaps​. The plan’s focus on PHC and community health systems provides a pathway to address Zambia’s persistent health challenges. However, successful implementation will require enhanced governance, sustained investment, and alignment with national development goals. In conclusion, while ambitious, the NHSP provides a robust framework for improving Zambia’s health outcomes and achieving UHC.