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Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
An audit of persistent foramen ovale closure in 105 divers	2015	Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal In fi rmary, Bristol, UK.; Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal In fi rmary, Bristol, UK.; Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal In fi rmary, Bristol, UK.; Leve	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 45 Issue 2 Start Page 94 Other Pages 97 Notes JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/30 [received]; 2015/05/01 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 26165531 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26165531 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Right-to-left shunt across a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with cutaneous, neurological and vestibular decompression illness (DCI). Percutaneous closure of a PFO has been used to reduce the risk of DCI. There are no randomised controlled trial data to support PFO closure for the prevention of decompression illness (DCI), so the need for audit data on the safety and ef fi cacy of this technique has been recognised by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK. METHOD: Retrospective audit of all transcatheter PFO closures to reduce the risk of DCI performed by a single cardiologist with an interest in diving medicine. RESULTS: A total of 105 eligible divers undergoing 107 procedures was identi fi ed. There was a low rate of procedural complications; a rate lower than a recent randomised trial of PFO closure for stroke. Atrial fi brillation required treatment in two patients. One patient with a previously repaired mitral valve had a stroke that was thought to be unrelated to the PFO closure. Sixteen divers had minor post-procedure symptoms not requiring any treatment. Two divers required a second procedure because of residual shunt; both subsequently returned to unrestricted diving. Eighty-one of 95 divers in whom follow-up bubble contrast echocardiography was available returned to unrestricted diving. CONCLUSIONS: The PFO closure procedure appeared to be safe and was associated with the majority of divers being able to successfully return to unrestricted diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pearman,A., Bugeja,L., Nelson,M., Szantho,G.V., Turner,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of motivational lung age feedback on short-term quit rates in smokers seeking intensive group treatment: A randomized controlled pilot study	2015	Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA. Electronic address: jfoulds@psu.edu.; Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 271 Other Pages 277 Notes LR: 20160804; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01980485; GR: P50 DA036107/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036107-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Mon Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26051163 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26051163 Abstract BACKGROUND: A brief "Lung Age" feedback intervention has shown promise for personalizing the health impact of smoking and promoting cessation in unselected smokers. Now that many healthcare organizations provide face-to-face cessation services, it is reasonable to ask whether such motivational feedback of lung function tests might improve treatment compliance and cessation rates in smokers wanting to quit. This study assessed effects of baseline motivational spirometry-based "Lung Age" feedback on treatment compliance and tobacco abstinence at 28-day follow-up. METHODS: This randomized controlled pilot study took place in Penn State University-affiliated outpatient medical practices. Participants were 225 adult smokers (>/=5 cigarettes/day) willing to attend tobacco dependence treatment. At assessment lung function (FEV-1) and exhaled carbon-monoxide (CO) were assessed. The Intervention group (n=120) were randomly allocated to receive motivational "Lung Age" feedback estimated by FEV-1 and on exhaled CO; Control group (n=105) received minimal feedback. Participants were offered 6 weekly group smoking cessation sessions and nicotine patches and followed-up 28 days after target quit date. The primary outcome measure was self-reported 7-day tobacco abstinence, confirmed by CO Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Foulds,J., Veldheer,S., Hrabovsky,S., Yingst,J., Sciamanna,C., Chen,G., Maccani,J.Z., Berg,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150518 PMCID PMC4972339 Editors
Reduced Efficiency of Chlorine Disinfection of Naegleria fowleri in a Drinking Water Distribution Biofilm	2015	Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 49 Issue 18 Start Page 11125 Other Pages 11131 Notes JID: 0213155; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Drinking Water); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2015/09/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5851; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 26287820 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02947 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26287820 Abstract Naegleria fowleri associated with biofilm and biological demand water (organic matter suspended in water that consumes disinfectants) sourced from operational drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) had significantly increased resistance to chlorine disinfection. N. fowleri survived intermittent chlorine dosing of 0.6 mg/L for 7 days in a mixed biofilm from field and laboratory-cultured Escherichia coli strains. However, N. fowleri associated with an attached drinking water distribution biofilm survived more than 30 times (20 mg/L for 3 h) the recommended concentration of chlorine for drinking water. N. fowleri showed considerably more resistance to chlorine when associated with a real field biofilm compared to the mixed laboratory biofilm. This increased resistance is likely due to not only the consumption of disinfectants by the biofilm and the reduced disinfectant penetration into the biofilm but also the composition and microbial community of the biofilm itself. The increased diversity of the field biofilm community likely increased N. fowleri's resistance to chlorine disinfection compared to that of the laboratory-cultured biofilm. Previous research has been conducted in only laboratory scale models of DWDSs and laboratory-cultured biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating how N. fowleri can persist in a field drinking water distribution biofilm despite chlorination. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Miller,H.C., Wylie,J., Dejean,G., Kaksonen,A.H., Sutton,D., Braun,K., Puzon,G.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150902 PMCID Editors
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine and jtrimis@usc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine and.; Department of Preventive Medicine and.; Department of Preventive Medicine and.; Department of Preventive Medicine and.; Department of Preventive Medicine and.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 136 Issue 2 Start Page 308 Other Pages 317 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: P50 CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376422; OID: NLM: PMC4516947; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 26216326 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2015-0639 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26216326 Abstract BACKGROUND: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence. METHODS: Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) was collected from 11th- and 12th-grade participants in the Southern California Children's Health Study during the spring of 2014. RESULTS: Of 2084 participants, 499 (24.0%) had used an e-cigarette, including 200 (9.6%) current users (past 30 days); 390 participants (18.7%) had smoked a combustible cigarette, and 119 (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers. Cigarette and e-cigarette use were correlated. Nevertheless, 40.5% (n = 81) of current e-cigarette users had never smoked a cigarette. Psychosocial factors (home use of each product, friends' use of and positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and participant perception of the harm of e-cigarettes were strongly positively associated both with e-cigarette and cigarette use. Most youth who reported e-cigarette use had friends who used e-cigarettes, and almost half of current users reported that they did not believe there were health risks associated with e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies of adolescents are needed to determine whether the strong association of e-cigarette psychosocial factors with both e-cigarette and cigarette use will lead to increased cigarette use or dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, or whether e-cigarettes will serve as a gateway to cigarette use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by the American Academy of Pediatrics Data Source Authors Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Berhane,K., Unger,J.B., Cruz,T.B., Huh,J., Leventhal,A.M., Urman,R., Wang,K., Howland,S., Gilreath,T.D., Chou,C.P., Pentz,M.A., McConnell,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4516947 Editors
High frequency of virulence genes among Escherichia coli with the blaCTX-M genotype from diarrheic piglets in China	2015	College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou 510642, China.; College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial K	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Veterinary microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Vet.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 18-Nov Volume 180 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 260 Other Pages 267 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7705469; 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase CTX-M, E coli); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/28 [received]; 2015/08/12 [revised]; 2015/08/26 [accepted]; 2015/09/15 [aheadofprint]; ppubl Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2542; 0378-1135 Accession Number PMID: 26385248 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26385248 Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the virulence potential and determine the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with diarrhea in China. A total of 62 E. coli isolates were obtained among which 49 and 13 were collected from diarrheic and healthy piglets, respectively. Cefotaxime resistant strains were screened for the presence of ESBL, adhesin and exotoxin genes as well as for their biofilm-forming ability. Characterization of blaCTX-M plasmids was determined by conjugation along with the determination of genetic relatedness and plasmid replicon type. CTX-M producers were found in 36 isolates with 6 different subtypes: blaCTX-M-14,27,65 from CTX-M-9G (n=27) and blaCTX-M-55, 15,79 from CTX-M-1G (n=22). This also included 13 isolates that carried two different CTX-M genes. Thirty of 36 CTX-M producers and 12 of 13 multiple CTX-M alleles were confirmed from diarrheic piglets. The presence of the iron regulatory gene irp2 as well as EAST1 was found in 83.3% (25/30) of CTX-M-producing isolates from diarrheic piglets and these were significantly better biofilm formers. PFGE profiles of CTX-M-positive isolates indicated the spread of multidrug resistance was primarily horizontal and spread via transferable plasmids. Most blaCTX-M-9G genes (10/17) were located on the IncFIB type plasmid with sizes of 40-145 kb, while the blaCTX-M-1G (11/16) genes were located on the approximately 100 kb IncN-type plasmid. Together, our findings demonstrate that CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli from diarrheic piglets were associated with serious multidrug resistance, increased biofilm-forming ability and the irp2 gene of HPI. Our findings highlight the need to urgent control the spread of resistant strains through food chain. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Zhang,W.H., Ren,S.Q., Gu,X.X., Li,W., Yang,L., Zeng,Z.L., Liu,Y.H., Jiang,H.X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150915 PMCID Editors
A 10-year estimate of the incidence of decompression illness in a discrete group of recreational cave divers in Australia	2015	Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia, Phone: +64-(0)8-8222-5116 E-mail: drharry@me.com.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.; Department of Intensi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 45 Issue 3 Start Page 147 Other Pages 153 Notes JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/06 [received]; 2015/07/07 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 26415066 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26415066 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of freshwater cave diving in Australia occurs within the limestone caves of the Gambier karst in the south-east of South Australia. The incidence of decompression illness (DCI) in cave divers is presumed to be higher than open-water recreational divers because of the greater depths involved, but has not previously been reported. Our aim was to determine the incidence of DCI in cave divers, the patterns of diving and the outcome of hyperbaric treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of cave divers with DCI presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital or The Alfred Hospital over a 10-year period between 2002 and 2012. We reviewed case notes of cave divers who were treated for DCI after diving in the Mt Gambier karst. As there are no records of the number of dives performed during the study period we generated a denominator for the incidence of DCI by extrapolating available data and making a number of assumptions about the number of dives per dive permit issued. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were treated for DCI during the study period. The precipitating dive was a single deep decompression dive in seven cases, multiday repetitive dive sequences in eight and a non-decompression dive in one. Three of the 16 cases of DCI involved dives in excess of 90 metres' fresh water (mfw) using trimix. As the total estimated number of dives in the study period was approximately 57,000 the incidence of DCI in Australian cave divers was estimated to be 2.8:10,000 (0.028%). It is possible that the overall incidence of DCI is as high as 0.05%, and even higher when dives to depths greater than 90 mfw are involved. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence of DCS in this series is lower than expected but consistent with other series describing DCI in cold-water recreational diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harris,R.J., Frawley,G., Devaney,B.C., Fock,A., Jones,A.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use of group quarantine in Ebola control - Nigeria, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 13-Feb Volume 64 Issue 5 Start Page 124 Other Pages Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25674994 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6405a3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25674994 Abstract On July 20, 2014, the first known case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Nigeria, in a traveler from Liberia, led to an outbreak that was successfully curtailed with infection control, contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine measures coordinated through an incident management system. During this outbreak, most contacts underwent home monitoring, which included instructions to stay home or to avoid crowded areas if staying home was not possible. However, for five contacts with high-risk exposures, group quarantine in an observation unit was preferred because the five had crowded home environments or occupations that could have resulted in a large number of community exposures if they developed Ebola. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Grigg,C., Waziri,N.E., Olayinka,A.T., Vertefeuille,J.F., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles as a coating on a stainless-steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction	2015	Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.; Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 38 Issue 14 Start Page 2439 Other Pages 2446 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 101088554; 0 (Oxides); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 3M4G523W1G (Silver); 7782-42-5 (Graphite); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/15 [received]; 2015/04/21 [revised]; 2015/04/21 [accepted]; 2015/06/03 [aheadofp Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 25931422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/jssc.201500308 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25931422 Abstract A novel graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles coating on a stainless-steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the coating surface and showed that silver nanoparticles were dispersed on the wrinkled graphene oxide surface. Coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, the extraction abilities of the fiber for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were examined in the headspace solid-phase microextraction mode. The extraction parameters including adsorption time, adsorption temperature, salt concentration, desorption time and desorption temperature were investigated. Under the optimized condition, wide linearity with low limits of detection from 2 to 10 ng/L was obtained. The relative standard deviations for single-fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 10.6 and 17.5%, respectively. The enrichment factors were from 1712.5 to 4503.7, showing the fiber has good extraction abilities. Moreover, the fiber exhibited a good stability and could be reused for more than 120 times. The established method was also applied for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two real water samples and the recoveries of analytes ranged from 84.4-116.3% with relative standard deviations less than 16.2%. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Wang,L., Hou,X., Li,J., Liu,S., Guo,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150603 PMCID Editors
Trends in use of little cigars or cigarillos and cigarettes among U.S. smokers, 2002-2011	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California La Jolla, CA; kmesser@ucsd.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California La Jolla, CA;; Cancer Prevention and C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 17 Issue 5 Start Page 515 Other Pages 523 Notes LR: 20160501; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1R01CA172058-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA172058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Agents); OID: NLM: PMC4402355; 2013/12/17 [received]; 2014/08/22 [accepted]; 2014/09/19 [ahe Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25239955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu179 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25239955 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Little cigars and cigarillos may resemble cigarettes, but may be less expensive and can be purchased singly and in flavored varieties. We used two major U.S. surveys to investigate use of cigarillos and cigarettes. METHODS: The 2010/2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey ascertained cigar use by brand and type (little cigars/cigarillos or large/regular). The annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) assessed cigar use by brand, 2002-2011. We used the available data to classify cigars by type among males in the NSDUH. RESULTS: Estimated prevalence of little cigar use among male cigar smokers was similar using the two surveys. From 2002 to 2011, past-30-day cigarette smoking declined for all age groups and genders, but among young adult men (aged 18-25) little cigar smoking remained steady at nearly 9%. "Cigarette and/or cigar" smoking was 44% among young adult men in 2011, and was consistently 6 percentage points higher than cigarette-only smoking, from 2002 to 2011. Over 60% of male and 70% of female adolescent/young adult cigar smokers also smoked cigarettes in 2011. Most male adolescents preferred little cigars to traditional cigars. Among males, most lower income or less educated cigar smokers preferred little cigars, compared to only 16% of those with higher education. CONCLUSIONS: These patterns indicate that little cigar/cigarillo use may promote initiation and maintenance of cigarette smoking, particularly among younger and less advantaged populations. Population-level data are urgently needed to better assess type of cigar smoked and reasons for use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Messer,K., White,M.M., Strong,D.R., Wang,B., Shi,Y., Conway,K.P., Pierce,J.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140919 PMCID PMC4402355 Editors
High Prevalence of Escherichia coli-Producing CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Poultry and Human Clinical Isolates in Romania	2015	1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .; 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , Iasi, Romania .; 3 Institute of Infection and Global Health, University o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. Microb.Drug Resist. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 21 Issue 6 Start Page 651 Other Pages 662 Notes GR: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 9508567; 2015/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1931-8448; 1076-6294 Accession Number PMID: 25734920 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/mdr.2014.0248 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25734920 Abstract Use of antibiotics in food animals may contribute to development and spread of resistant organisms, particularly so in some countries. The aim of this study was two-fold; first, to establish the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chicken production in a region within Romania. Second, to study the relatedness of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates recovered from broilers, abattoir workers where the chickens were slaughtered and from the human clinical specimens from two regional hospitals. The results indicated a very high (69%) rate of carriage of ESBL and AmpC-producing E. coli in chickens with 36% CTX-M producers. Sequencing showed that chickens in Romania have the highest worldwide prevalence (53%) of blaCTX-M-15 reported in poultry E. coli isolates. The majority (53%) of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli carried plasmid-mediated blaampC genes, mostly blaCMY-2 type, one of the highest prevalences reported in Europe. The predominant CTX-M type found in the human clinical E. coli isolates was blaCTX-M-15 and most isolates coharbored blaOXA-1, blaTEM, and aac(6')-ib-cr. The majority (60%) of the human clinical isolates belonged to the pandemic virulent clone B2-ST131. The clonal relationship between broiler and the human CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates was assessed by macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which indicated strain diversity with no common STs found between human and poultry isolates. Moreover, IncI1 was the most prevalent replicon found in broiler ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and also in transconjugants, indicating that plasmids and not clonal spread may play a role in the transfer of blaCTX-M genes. This study identifies a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli from broiler chickens in Romania with a high occurrence incidence of blaCTX-M-15, which reflects the main ESBL type found in human E. coli infections in this country. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maciuca,I.E., Williams,N.J., Tuchilus,C., Dorneanu,O., Guguianu,E., Carp-Carare,C., Rimbu,C., Timofte,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150303 PMCID Editors

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