WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
The Effect of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Learning and Memory Functions in the Rat Model	2015	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. khalzoubi@just.edu.jo.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science a	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN Periodical, Abbrev. J.Mol.Neurosci. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 57 Issue 2 Start Page 249 Other Pages 256 Notes LR: 20160701; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9002991; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); NIHMS7 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-1166; 0895-8696 Accession Number PMID: 26160697 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s12031-015-0613-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26160697 Abstract Tobacco smoking is a global health hazard that kills about 5 million people annually. Waterpipe smoking is among the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether waterpipe smoking impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus, a question of special concern due to the particular popularity of waterpipe use among youth. Additionally, possible molecular targets for expected learning and memory impairment were determined. In this study, rats were exposed to waterpipe smoke (WTS) by whole body exposure 1 h x 5 days/week, for 1 month, and outcomes were compared to a control group exposed only to fresh air. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) and oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio). We found that WTS exposure led to impaired short- and long-term memory. This impairment was accompanied by reduced hippocampal activity of catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GSH/GSSG, elevated GSSG, thus marked changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, there is reason for concern that WTS exposure may impair cognitive ability. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Alharahshah,E.A., Alhashimi,F.H., Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150711 PMCID PMC4575272 Editors
Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis	2015	Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon (Pulmonology Department).; Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon (Faculty of Pharmacy). pascalesalameh1@hotmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Occup.Med.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 147 Other Pages 156 Notes CI: This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.; JID: 9437093; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1896-494X; 1232-1087 Accession Number PMID: 26159955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00316 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26159955 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating association between waterpipe passive smoking exposure and asthma, and allergies among Lebanese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were taken from a crosssectional study on children from public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. From 5 to 12-year-old students filled in the questionnaires at home, while 13-14-year-old students filled it in in the class. In total, 5522 children were evaluated for the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, and their associated factors, including waterpipe exposure due to parents' smoking. RESULTS: The descriptive results of parental smoking were, as follows: among mothers: 1609 (29%) mothers smoked cigarettes, 385 (7%) smoked waterpipe and 98 (1.8%) smoked both; among fathers: 2449 (44.2%) smoked cigarettes, 573 (10.3%) smoked waterpipe and 197 (3.5%) smoked both. Maternal waterpipe smoking was significantly and moderately associated with allergic diseases (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Waked,M., Salameh,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An Exploration of Online Behaviors and Social Media Use Among Hookah and Electronic-Cigarette Users	2015	New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, Section on Tobacco, Alcohol & Drug Use, 550 First Avenue, VZ30, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA.; New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.; N	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive behaviors reports Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 1-Dec Volume 2 Issue Start Page 37 Other Pages 40 Notes LR: 20151216; GR: K24 DA038345/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101656077; NIHMS697830; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2016/12/01 00:00; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2352-8532 Accession Number PMID: 26167519 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.05.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26167519 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social norms and attitudes towards ENDS and hookah and use of these products. METHODS: We conducted surveys with hookah and ENDS users who regularly used the Internet and social media and analyzed the primary social media account (e.g. Facebook) of each participant, coding all references to nicotine or tobacco products. The survey included domains on perceived favorability, perceived vulnerability and subjective norms. RESULTS: We surveyed 21 ENDS users and 20 hookah users. Both groups used the Internet to look up information about their respective tobacco product (95% for hookah vs. 90% for ENDS). Seventy percent of hookah users had references to hookah on their social media profiles while 43% of ENDS users had references to ENDS on their page. The majority of both groups were exposed to content posted by friends in their social media network about their respective products online. Those who posted on social media about hookah and those who read about ENDS online had lower perceived vulnerability to the health risks associated with tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS: Hookah and ENDS users actively use the Internet and social media to obtain and share information about nicotine/tobacco products. Study participants who use hookah were more likely to share photos and discuss hookah related activities via social media than those who use ENDS. Social networks also represent valuable and untapped potential resources for communicating with this group about risks and harm reduction related to emerging nicotine/tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Link,A.R., Cawkwell,P.B., Shelley,D.R., Sherman,S.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4496793 Editors
The Role of Family on Hookah Smoking Initiation in Women: A Qualitative Study	2015	. shahbazishirin@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global journal of health science Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.J.Health.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 24-Feb Volume 7 Issue 5 Start Page 1 Other Pages 10 Notes LR: 20160428; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4803904; 2014/03/12 [received]; 2014/04/02 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1916-9736; 1916-9736 Accession Number PMID: 26156895 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26156895 Abstract Hookah smoking has recently emerged as a popular alternative to cigarette smoking particularly among young adults and women. This study focused on the role of family members' smoking behaviours as a possible risk factor for initiation of hookah smoking in women. 36 in-depth interviews were conducted with Iranian women of diverse ages for understanding the factors contributing to the initiation of hookah smoking. Four main themes were identified from the data. This study focused on the role of family as a facilitator for hookah smoking initiation. The results of this study indicate that the entry of hookah into homes can be effective in the spread of hookah smoking among adult and young women, in three ways: Girls' participation in the preparation of hookah and the frequent observation of people who smoke hookah at home can be effective in hookah smoking initiation among young girls; the husband of a young woman has an important role in the initiation of smoking hookah; when parents invite children to smoke hookah at home, in order to protect them against public censure, the mother (a middle aged woman) may intend to start smoking hookah. Therefore, tobacco use prevention interventions should be focused on targeting the family as well. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,A., Shahbazi Sighaldeh,S., Ebadi,A., Kelishadi,R., Majdzadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150224 PMCID PMC4803904 Editors
Frequency of the use of hookah among adults and its distribution according to sociodemographic characteristics, urban or rural area and federative units: National Health Survey, 2013	2015	Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Bras.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 18 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page 57 Other Pages 67 Notes JID: 100954576; EIN: Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2016 Apr-Jun;19(2):469-70. PMID: 27532767; 2015/04/10 [received]; 2015/06/10 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1980-5497; 1415-790X Accession Number PMID: 27008603 Language eng; por SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1590/1980-5497201500060006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27008603 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of the use of hookah in the Brazilian adult population aged 18 to 59 years. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013. Sampling was based on three stages: census tract, household, and individual. The frequency and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome "frequency of use of hookah," among those who reported tobacco use, were described according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, urban or rural area of the country, and macroregions; the frequency of hookah use according to the age and education was also investigated; all analyzes were weighted. RESULTS: Of the 60,225 adults surveyed, 15% reported the use of some tobacco product; the frequency of use of hookah among them was 1.2% (95%CI 0.8 - 1.6) and higher in male subjects, in white individuals, in the youngest age group, with average to high education and residents of urban areas and the south and midwest. Among those who have used the hookah, 50% used it occasionally, 12.8% monthly, 27.3% weekly, and 6.8% daily. CONCLUSIONS: The relevance of the findings is because this is the first nationally representative study that evaluated the frequency of use of hookah in adults in the country. The results point to the need to implement surveillance regarding its use, as has occurred in relation to tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Menezes,A.M., Wehrmeister,F.C., Horta,B.L., Szwarcwald,C.L., Vieira,M.L., Malta,D.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Predictors of intention to quit waterpipe smoking: a survey of arab americans in houston, Texas	2015	Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, Texas Medical Center, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, Texas Medical Center, University of Houston, 1441	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of addiction Periodical, Abbrev. J.Addict. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2015 Issue Start Page 575479 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150401; JID: 101602563; OID: NLM: PMC4364118; 2014/08/28 [received]; 2015/01/24 [revised]; 2015/02/19 [accepted]; 2015/03/04 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 2090-7834; 2090-7850 Accession Number PMID: 25821629 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1155/2015/575479 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25821629 Abstract Waterpipe smoking has been described as "the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette." Both Middle Eastern ethnicity and having a friend of Middle Eastern ethnicity have been reported as significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Addressing waterpipe smoking in this ethnic minority is essential to controlling this growing epidemic in the US. We investigated the predictors of an intention to quit waterpipe smoking by surveying 340 Arab American adults in the Houston area. Primary analyses were conducted using stepwise logistic regression. Only 27% of participants reported having an intention to quit waterpipe smoking. Intention to quit waterpipe smoking was significantly higher with history of cigar use, a prior attempt to quit, and not smoking when seriously ill and significantly lower with increasing age, medium cultural acceptability of using waterpipe among family, high cultural acceptability of using waterpipe among friends, longer duration of smoking sessions, and perceiving waterpipe smoking as less harmful than cigarettes. Educational programs that target Arab Americans in general, and specifically older adults, those who smoke waterpipe for more than 60 minutes, those whose family and friends approve waterpipe smoking, and those with no former attempts to quit, may be necessary to increase the intention to quit waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Athamneh,L., Sansgiry,S.S., Essien,E.J., Abughosh,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150304 PMCID PMC4364118 Editors
Prescription drugs, alcohol, and illicit substance use and their correlations among medical sciences students in iran	2015	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.High.Risk Behav.Addict. Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 4 Issue 1 Start Page e21945 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150401; JID: 101589648; OID: NLM: PMC4360541; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03 [ecollection]; 2014/07/11 [received]; 2014/09/30 [revised]; 2014/10/02 [accepted]; 2015/03/20 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 2251-8711; 2251-8711 Accession Number PMID: 25821750 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.5812/ijhrba.21945 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25821750 Abstract BACKGROUND: Substance use among young people is a major public health problem in Iran. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of substance misuse and its determinants in medical sciences students in Tehran, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on a randomly selected sample of 1992 medical sciences students during 2012-2013. Anonymous, structured questionnaires were distributed among the students in each selected class. Substance misuse was defined according to cultural and epidemiological features. Data analysis was performed using chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of prescription drug misuse, last year alcohol use, and ever illicit substance use was 4.9%, 6.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. The result of multiple logistic regression model showed that being a male (OR = 4.0), hookah use in the last year (OR = 3.2), prescription drug misuse (OR = 3.2), and alcohol use in the last year (OR = 3.3) were associated with the students' illicit substance use. Last year alcohol use (OR = 5.3), ever illicit substance use (OR = 3.2), and illicit substance use in friends (OR = 2.6) were associated with prescription drug misuse. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the prevalence of prescription drugs, alcohol and illicit substance use was relatively low, though still significant, among Iranian students, which was strongly associated with family and friends' use. The findings of this research can be used for planning and evaluating interventions by considering the risk factors and protective factors in Universities. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abbasi-Ghahramanloo,A., Fotouhi,A., Zeraati,H., Rahimi-Movaghar,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150320 PMCID PMC4360541 Editors
Prevalence of stroke symptoms among stroke-free residents: first national data from Lebanon	2015	Doctoral School of Life and Health Sciences, Paris-Est University, Creteil, France.; Doctoral School of Biology Health and Biotechnologies, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France.; Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI(R), Beirut, Lebanon.; Fou	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Stroke Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 10 Suppl A100 Issue Start Page 83 Other Pages 88 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 101274068; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/10 [received]; 2015/04/28 [accepted]; 2015/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1747-4949; 1747-4930 Accession Number PMID: 26178607 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/ijs.12563 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26178607 Abstract BACKGROUND: Stroke symptoms are common among people without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Reported stroke symptoms may represent stroke episodes that failed to reach the threshold for clinical diagnosis. AIMS: This study aimed to assess in the Lebanese population the prevalence of self-reported stroke symptoms in a stroke- and transient ischemic attack-free population, and the association of these symptoms with major risk factors for stroke. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sample across Lebanon. We interviewed residents aged 40 years and more. Stroke symptoms were assessed using the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status. RESULTS: We included 1515 individuals (mean age was 57.2 +/- 12.4 years, 783 women, 51.7%). Among 1460 participants stroke- and transient ischemic attack-free, 175 had experienced at least one stroke symptom (12.1%, 95% CI 9.9%-14.3%). Arterial hypertension (adjOR 4.37, 95% CI 2.68-7.12), history of heart disease (adjOR 3.34, 95% CI 2.00-5.56), current waterpipe smoking (adjOR 3.88, 95% CI 2.33-6.48), current and former cigarette smoking (adjOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.18-2.87 and adjOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.13-3.5, respectively), psychological distress (adjOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.05), the Mediterranean diet score (adjOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99), and regular physical activity (adjOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.77) were independently associated with stroke symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study conducted in the Middle East, assessing self-reported stroke symptoms among stroke-free residents. Our study showed that almost one in eight residents without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack has had stroke symptoms. Major vascular risk factors are associated with these symptoms, thus allowing for prevention strategies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher World Stroke Organization Data Source Authors Farah,R., Zeidan,R.K., Chahine,M.N., Asmar,R., Chahine,R., Salameh,P., Hosseini,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150714 PMCID Editors
A Descriptive Study of Television News Coverage of Tobacco in the United States: Frequency of Topics, Frames, Exemplars, and Efficacy	2015	a Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.; b Tobacco Control Research Bra	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of health communication Periodical, Abbrev. J.Health Commun. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 12 Start Page 1415 Other Pages 1421 Notes LR: 20151201; GR: Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9604100; NIHMS732168; OID: NLM: NIHMS732168; OID: NLM: PMC4654672; 2015/07/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1087-0415; 1081-0730 Accession Number PMID: 26176379 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; T DOI 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018651 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26176379 Abstract There is a positive correlation between recall of tobacco-related television news and perceived risks of smoking and thoughts about quitting. The authors used Cision US, Inc., to create a sampling frame (N = 61,027) of local and national television news coverage of tobacco from October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2009, and to draw a nationally representative sample (N = 730) for content analysis. The authors conducted a descriptive study to determine the frequency and proportion of stories containing specified tobacco topics, frames, sources, and action messages, and the valence of the coverage. Valence was generally neutral; 68% of stories took a balanced stance, with 26% having a tenor supportive of tobacco control and 6% opposing tobacco control. The most frequently covered topics included smoking bans (n = 195) and cessation (n = 156). The least covered topics included hookah (n = 1) and menthol (n = 0). The majority of coverage lacked quoting any source (n = 345); government officials (n = 144) were the most quoted sources. Coverage lacked action messages or resources; 29 stories ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Blake,K.D., Kaufman,A.R., Lorenzo,J., Augustson,E.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150715 PMCID PMC4654672 Editors
Promotion of waterpipe tobacco use, its variants and accessories in young adult newspapers: a content analysis of message portrayal	2015	Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA kster	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health education research Periodical, Abbrev. Health Educ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 30 Issue 1 Start Page 152 Other Pages 161 Notes LR: 20160715; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1R03CA159909-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20 MD006737/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD041041/HD/N Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1465-3648; 0268-1153 Accession Number PMID: 24957675 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T DOI 10.1093/her/cyu035 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24957675 Abstract The objective of our study was to identify waterpipe tobacco smoking advertisements and those that promoted a range of products and accessories used to smoke waterpipe tobacco. The content of these advertisements was analyzed to understand the messages portrayed about waterpipe tobacco smoking in young adult (aged 18-30) newspapers. The study methods include monitoring of six newspapers targeting young adults from four major cities in the Southeastern United States over a 6-month period. A total of 87 advertisements were found; 73.5% (64) were distinct and content analyzed. The study results showed that of the advertisements analyzed, 25% advertised waterpipe tobacco smoking, 54.7% featured waterpipe tobacco smoking and other tobacco use, 14.1% featured non-tobacco waterpipe variants (i.e. vaporizers), and 6.3% featured waterpipe apparatus accessories (e.g. charcoal, hoses). The sociability (34%) and sensuality (29.7%) of waterpipe smoking were promoted themes. Alternative to cigarette use messages (3.1%), and harm-reduction messages (17.1%) emphasized that smoking waterpipe tobacco using the featured accessory or waterpipe variant was a healthier experience than cigarette smoking. The study concluded that the messages that promoted waterpipe tobacco smoking to young adults are parallel to those used to promote cigarette use. Tobacco control professionals should continue to monitor young adult newspapers as a source of waterpipe-related advertising. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press Data Source Authors Sterling,K.L., Fryer,C.S., Majeed,B., Duong,M.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140623 PMCID PMC4296886 Editors

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