WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Association between smoking different tobacco products and periodontal disease indexes	1983		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 54 Issue 8 Start Page 481 Other Pages 487 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 6578319 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.1983.54.8.481 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 6578319 Abstract Six indexes of periodontal health were recorded in cigarette smokers, pipe/cigar smokers and nonsmokers from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study. These indexes included calculus deposition, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket depth, alveolar bone loss and tooth mobility. Cigarette smokers had significantly more calculus deposition than pipe/cigar smokers, although both smoker groups had more calculus than nonsmokers. Cigarette smokers accumulated slightly less plaque than pipe/cigar smokers, and both smoker groups accumulated less plaque than nonsmokers. Gingival inflammation and tooth mobility did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers, nor between the two smoker groups. Cigarette smokers had significantly greater pocket depth than nonsmokers, in contrast to pipe/cigar smokers who were not different from nonsmokers. Radiographic measurements indicated that cigarette smokers had significantly more alveolar bone loss than either pipe/cigar or nonsmokers. After covariance adjustment for age and calculus, all smokers had less plaque, gingival inflammation and tooth mobility than nonsmokers, similar periodontal pocket depth, but only cigarette smokers had greater bone loss. This finding of greater alveolar bone loss in cigarette smokers suggests a tobacco product-related effect in systemic physiologic action. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Dental Calculus/pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Index, Plants, Toxic, Smoking, Time Factors, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Feldman,R. S., Bravacos,J. S., Rose,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bangladesh: lessons learnt from two service strategies employed in Matlab	1983		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian-Pacific population programme news Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.Popul.Programme News. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Issue 4 Start Page 25 Other Pages 27 Notes LR: 20141009; JID: 8010275; OID: PIP: 020093; OID: POP: 00130444; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: ASIAN-PACIFIC POPULATION PROGRAMME NEWS; ppublish Place of Publication THAILAND ISSN/ISBN 0125-6718; 0125-6718 Accession Number PMID: 12312729 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12312729 Abstract PIP: In late 1975 the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) initiated a contraceptive distribution program (CDP) in its field research area in Matlab thana (county) in rural Bangladesh. The project had a dual purpose: to confirm the existence of an unmet demand for contraception; and to assess to what degree it could be met by simply making oral contraceptives (OCs) and condoms available to every household. A total of 154 lady village workers (LVWs) were trained to work as distributors and depot holders of contraceptives. 1 LVW was responsible for about 200 families in the neighborhood of her residence. The initial results of the CDP were encouraging, but the prevalence of contraceptive practice declined thereafter to what appeared to be a plateau of 12% in the 2nd year of the program. This led to substantial modification in the field structure and program activities of the original CDP in late 1977. The modified program replaced the LVWs by a cadre of better educated and better trained female village workers (FVWs), backed up by a strong supervision and technical staff in 70 villages to provide a full range of contraceptives and selected maternal and child health (MCH) services. A group of 20 FVWs is assigned to a subcenter that is staffed by a full time paramedic to provide routine MCH services, IUD services, and referral support. Work routines require each FVW to visit all currently married women of reproductive age of her area fortnightly and to attend meetings at the subcenter to report on progress. The project has 1 woman physician who does regular rounds in the field and provides professional support to a central sterilization clinic in Matlab. 3 components of the project have been fully implemented thus far: family planning services, tetanus immunization, and diarrheal disease treatment. The project effect was a prompt and continuing increase in contraceptive use prevalence rates. The proportion of married women of reproductive age using contraceptives rose rapidly to 32% in the 1st year and stayed at 33% in the 2nd year. The project has been maintaining this use prevalence rate for the last 4 years with only a slight increase to 34% more recently. 1 important observation of the Matlab project is that acceptors tend to cluster geographically producing a wide intervillage variation in contraceptive use prevalence rates. Given the free household distribution of contraceptives by the project, the question arises as to why rates differ among a population which appears to be so homogeneous. Descriptors Asia, Bangladesh, Community Health Workers, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Organization and Administration, Population Control, Primary Health Care, Contraceptive Distribution, Contraceptive Usage, Demographic Effectiveness, Demographic Impact, Distributional Activities, Family Planning, Family Planning Personnel, Family Planning Programs, Field Workers, Integrated Programs, Maternal-child Health Services, Nonclinical Distribution, Program Activities, Programs, Southern Asia Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rahman,M., Ruzicka,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Demographic and social characteristics of family planning acceptors in Jordan	1982		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Population bulletin of ECWA Periodical, Abbrev. Popul.Bull.ECWA Pub Date Free Form Jun-Dec Volume (22-23) Issue 22-23 Start Page 119 Other Pages 136 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 8403915; OID: PIP: 026024; OID: POP: 00136376; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: POPULATION BULLETIN OF ECWA; ppublish Place of Publication LEBANON ISSN/ISBN 0378-679X; 0378-679X Accession Number PMID: 12266313 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12266313 Abstract PIP: In 1980 information on acceptor characteristics was collected from the files of4 privately run family planning centers established in 1963 in Jordan. The data were analyzed by constructing a series of number and percent distributions of acceptors by specific characteristics. If the Jordanian government adopts a family planning policy in the near future, the information collected in this study could be of use in planning a national family planning program. The government's current attitude toward family planning is neutral; however, in 1972 the Amman Conference on Population Policy in Relation to Urban Development noted that the average female in Jordan had 8.3 births, viewed population growth as a detriment to development, and recommened the adoption of a nationalpolicy to reduce fertility. The National Population Commission is currently working on a national policy document on population and development. In the past the Commission did not advocate adopting a national policy but it did recognize the impact of population on economic goals and the right of parents to have imformation on family planning. Several studies have also indicated that most Jordanian women approve of birth control. Presently, there are 20 private family planning clinics on the West Bank and 5 on the East Bank. Data was collected from clinics located in Amman , Salt, Irbid, and Jarash. Information on acceptors who used the clinics at least once during 1963-1980 was obtained by examining patient information cards filled out by patients. A sample of 1368 patient records was drawn by selecting every 4th card from the clinic files. Average age at marriage was 17.96 years for wives and 24.62 years for husbands, and average marriage duration was 9.05 years. The average birth interval was 1.28 years. 85.23% of the women worked at home only, and 14.77% worked outside the home. The majority of the husbands were manual labors. 37% of the women were illiterate, and only 3% had more than 12 years of education. Husbands were slightly more educated than their wives. Data on pervious births and abortions was available for 1484 clients. The average number of pregnancies was 5.9, and the average number of living children was 5.25. Illiterate women had and average of 7.9 pregnancies, and women with more than 12 years of school had an average of 2.2 pregnancies. The women reported a total of 662 previous abortions, and the proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion was lower among both illiterate women and women qith more than 12 years of education than among women with some education. Among women aho reported the type of abortion. 45 had induced abortions and 413 has spontaneous abortions. 36.3% of the acceptors said they came to the clinic because they had too many children, and 35.3% said they came from family planning purposes. All but 24.3% of the patients had used some contraceptive prior to coming to the clinic. Most clients were provided with oral contraceptives (OC) or IUDs. tables provide information on acceptor characteristics. Descriptors Abortion, Induced, Abortion, Spontaneous, Age Factors, Asia, Asia, Western, Attitude, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Data Collection, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Educational Status, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Policy, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Health, Health Facilities, Proprietary, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Planning, Health Services, Health Services Needs and Demand, Jordan, Marriage, Middle East, Motivation, Occupations, Organization and Administration, Parity, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Compliance, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Public Policy, Research, Sampling Studies, Sexual Behavior, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Acceptor Characteristics--statistics, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Contraceptive Methods Chosen, Contraceptive Usage, Data Analysis, Demographic Factors, Employment Status, Evaluation, Family And Household, Family Planning, Family Planning Clinic Attendance, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, Family Planning Surveys, Family Size, Fertility Control, Postconception, Kap Surveys, Knowledge Sources, Macroeconomic Factors, Marriage Age, Marriage Patterns, Needs, Nuptiality, Policy, Population Policy, Privately Sponsored Programs, Programs, Psychological Factors, Reproductive Behavior, Research Methodology, Research Report, Social Policy, Socioeconomic Status, Statistical Studies, Studies, Surveys, Western Asia Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sahawneh,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of sulfuric acid rain on major cation and sulfate concentrations of water percolating through two model hardwood forests	1982	Corvallis Environm. Res. Lab., USEPA, Washington, DC 20406	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1982/ Volume 11 Issue 1 Start Page 57 Other Pages 64 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Acid precipitation falls on vast areas of forested land, including most of the eastern deciduous forest of the United States. Forest productivity, ground-water quality, and surface waters might all be affected. To document and quantify ecosystem response to the onset of acid precipitation, simulated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) rain was applied to model forest plots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). One set of four plots (two alder and two maple) received a control rain consisting of a stock solution equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 to approximately pH 5.7. For three sets of four plots, sufficient H2SO4 was added to the stock solution to lower the pH to 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0. Nozzles were used to apply simulated acid rain at the rate of 2.8 mm/hour (maple) or 3.7 mm/hour (alder) for 3 hours/day, 3 days/week, throughout the year. Water samples were collected above and below the canopy, below the litter layer, and from 20-cm and 1-m depths below the surface of the soil. While constituents of the throughfall were similar to those of the simulated rain, the litter leachate (the actual input to the soil) had consistently higher concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and higher pH, than the acid rain. For the first 6 months, SO42- adsorption by the soil prevented any apparent differences in the SO42-, Ca2+, or Mg2+ concentrations or the pH of samples taken from a depth of 20 cm from plots receiving either acid or control treatments. Then, SO42- concentrations at this depth on plots receiving the most acidic rain (pH 3.0) became increasingly higher than on the other plots until, after 3 years, they were approximately equal to SO42- concentrations in the rain. Soil solutions from the pH 3.5 and 4.0 treatments responded similarly starting 10 months and 1 year, respectively, after initiation of exposure to acid rain. Increased Ca2+, Mg2+, and, to a lesser extent, K+ concentrations and lowered pH in solutions from the 20-cm depths occurred simultaneously with increased SO42- concentrations. At a depth of 1 m, no acid-rain-related effects were evident after 2.5 years exposure to pH 3.0 H2SO4 rain. Results showed that a hardwood canopy and litter layer can alter the input of chemicals to the soil from acid rain, that the relative sensitivity of ions to mobilization by acid rain is not the same for all components of an ecosystem, and that acid rain can alter the chemical composition of water within the root zone within a few years, even if the soil is a strong sulfate adsorber. Descriptors calcium, ground water, magnesium, rain, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid derivative, unclassified drug, vascular plant, leaching, soil, theoretical study, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lee,J. J., Weber,D. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Do water pipes prevent transmission of fungi from contaminated marijuana?	1982	Moody, M.M.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New England journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. N.Engl.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 306 Issue 24 Start Page 1492 Other Pages 1493 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0028-4793 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors cannabis, water, drug contamination, filtration, fungus, letter, methodology, smoke Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moody,M. M., Wharton,R. C., Schnaper,N., Schimpff,S. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Access to health services in remote rural areas (author's transl)	1982		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full In'gu pogon nonjip = Journal of population and health studies Periodical, Abbrev. Ingu Pogon Nonjip Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 2 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 52 Notes LR: 20150901; JID: 8609047; OID: PIP: 016115; OID: POP: 00121374; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: JOURNAL OF POPULATION AND HEALTH STUDIES; ppublish Place of Publication Korea (South) ISSN/ISBN Accession Number PMID: 12264835 Language kor SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12264835 Abstract PIP: The Government has trained and deployed a new type of midlevel healthworker, the Community Health Practitioner (CHP) in order to attain the goal of equity in the provision of health services in remote rural areas since 1981. This study aimed at assessing the current situation vis a vis the need for health services prior to the deployment of these CHPs in remote rural areas. Data utilized in this paper are drawn from the 1981 Baseline Household Interview Survey for evaluation of the government-supported CHP program. Collection was by the household interview survey method during October-November 1981. A total of 4083 households were sampled. This paper summarizes major findings from the survey. 1) The perceived or subjectively assessed need for medical treatment was 21/100 persons during a 15-day period; the net rate/100 persons desiring medical treatment was only 59. Clearly there is a big gap between need and utilization of medical treatment. The major source of medical treatment employed was the druggist or pharmacist; 72% of medical treatment was rendered by either of those professionals, 13% by private practitioners, and only 5% by a physician associated with a health subcenter. Annual visits to various types of medical facilities per capita were 4.41:3.18 visits to a druggist or pharmacist and .73 visits to a private practitioner. About 70% of nonusers pointed to economic reasons as the major barrier against access to one of the various medical facilities. 2) 1/3 of the pregnant women received at least 1 prenatal visit and 17% were attended by professionals for delivery. 87% of births occurred in the home and only 28% of home deliveries used sterilized instruments. 65% of the pregnant women desired their mother, husband, or neighbor as a birth attendant; only 35% desired the help of a physician. 3) About 10% of mothers considered their infant or child as unhealthy. Immunization coverage was high; 1 or more shots were given to 61%, polio vaccines were given to 53%, and 30% received the BCG. 52% of those currently practicing contraception are currently married. Female sterilization was the most prevalent method (30%) for the users. The use rate of family planning approaches the saturation status of family planning; the net rate over the need for family planning among fecund married women was 92%. It is concluded that there is a great gap between the current situation and the national goal of equity in the provision of health services in remote rural areas. The unmet need for medical services is high and utilization relies heavily on self-care using nonprescription medicines. There is a high level of unmet need for preventive services. The government-supported CHP program as an innovation will greatly contribute to narrowing the gap between utilization of and need for health services or help in reaching the goal of equity in provision of health services in remote rural areas in the future. (author's modified) Descriptors Allied Health Personnel, Asia, Child Welfare, Delivery of Health Care, Developing Countries, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Planning Services, Far East, Government Programs, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Administration, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Services Research, Immunization, Korea, Maternal Welfare, Organization and Administration, Program Evaluation, Rural Health Services, Utilization Review, Child Health, Eastern Asia, Evaluation, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Government Sponsored Programs, Health Services Evaluation, Korea, Republic Of, Management, Maternal Health, Needs, Paramedical Personnel, Program Accessibility, Programs, Research Report Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Song,K. Y., Kim,H. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hot water systems as sources of Legionella pneumophila in hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures	1982		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 43 Issue 5 Start Page 1104 Other Pages 1110 Notes LR: 20130924; GR: AI 17047/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC244193; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 7103477 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7103477 Abstract Samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for Legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. Swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. Water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 6 were recovered from plumbing fixtures of the hospitals and nonhospital institutions and one of five homes. The legionellae (7 to 13,850 colony-forming units per ml) were also present in water and sediment from hot-water tanks maintained at 30 to 54 degrees C, but not in those maintained at 71 and 77 degrees C. Legionella micdadei was isolated from one tank. Thus legionellae are present in hot-water tanks which are maintained at warm temperatures or whose design results in warm temperatures at the bottom of the tanks. We hypothesize that hot-water tanks are a breeding site and a major source of L. pneumophila for the contamination of plumbing systems. The existence of these bacteria in the plumbing systems and tanks was not necessarily associated with disease. The extent of the hazard of this contamination needs to be delineated. Descriptors Equipment and Supplies, Hospital, Hot Temperature, Legionella/growth & development/isolation & purification, Sanitary Engineering/instrumentation, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wadowsky,R. M., Yee,R. B., Mezmar,L., Wing,E. J., Dowling,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC244193 Editors
A study of carboxyhaemoglobin levels of cigarette and sheesha smokers in Saudi Arabia.	1982	Zahran, F.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 72 Issue 7 Start Page 722 Other Pages 724 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0090-0036 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A single carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) estimation of late evening blood sample among non-smokers, cigarette smokers, and sheesha smokers was evaluated among Saudis. The COHb level in smokers of 15 to 40 cigarettes a day ranged between 0.7 and 10.3 with a mean value of 6.1 +/- 2.58 COHb. Values among sheesha smokers ranged between 6.5 and 13.9 with a mean value of 8.8 +/- 1.83, significantly higher than those of cigarette smokers (P less than 0.001) for a given degree of exposure to tobacco smoke. Descriptors carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin, adult, article, comparative study, human, male, middle aged, Saudi Arabia, smoking, time Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Zahran,F., Yousef,A. A., Baig,M. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An endemic disease survey of Bong County, Liberia	1982	Howard Univ. Coll. Med., Washington, DC 20060	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the National Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Natl.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form 1982/ Volume 74 Issue 11 Start Page 1093 Other Pages 1102 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0027-9684 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors epidemiology, geographic distribution, helminthiasis, human, Liberia, malaria, nematode, protozoal infection, protozoon, trematode Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Grigsby,M. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Normal spirometry values. Investigated in King Abdulaziz Teaching Hospital, Jeddah	1982	Dept. Trop. Med., Liverpool Sch. Trop. Med., Liverpool, L3 5QA	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 1982/ Volume 3 Issue 3 Start Page 159 Other Pages 170 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Spirometry was carried out on 51 healthy volunteers and 112 patients without cardiorespiratory symptoms in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Regression equations incorporating sex, age, height and weight were estimated from the data, suggesting normal values for Saudi Arabians in Jeddah. The influence of smoking, use of shisha (hubble-bubble pipe) and method of house cleaning were considered and comparisons made with other countries. Although the FEV1 and FVC values were lower than in Scandinavians, there was probably less deterioration with age as reflected by lower (negative) coefficients for age in the regression equations. Descriptors human cell, respiratory system, smoking, spirography Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Haddock,D. R. W., Al-Hadramy,M. S., Macfarlane,S. B. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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