WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Carbon monoxide poisoning following use of a water pipe/hookah	2014	Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Deutsches Arzteblatt international Periodical, Abbrev. Dtsch.Arztebl Int. Pub Date Free Form 3-Oct Volume 111 Issue 40 Start Page 674 Other Pages 679 Notes LR: 20151029; JID: 101475967; CIN: Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Mar 27;112(13):221. PMID: 25869342; CIN: Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015 Mar 27;112(13):221. PMID: 25869343; OID: NLM: PMC4215085; 2014/04/22 [received]; 2014/08/04 [revised]; 2014/08/04 [accepted]; ppubl Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1866-0452; 1866-0452 Accession Number PMID: 25346357 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0674 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25346357 Abstract BACKGROUND: Water pipe (hookah) smoking has become a common activity in Germany, particularly among adolescents and young adults; in 2011, its lifetime prevalence was as high as 68.8%. Similar trends can be seen in other European countries. Water-pipe smokers are exposed to the same health-endangering substances as cigarette smokers, and the inhaled amount of carbon monoxide (CO) can be as much as ten times as high. In CO intoxication, carboxyhemoglobin is formed and causes direct injury at the cellular level, leading to hypoxia and nonspecific neuro logical manifestations. There have only been ten reported cases around the world of CO intoxication due to the use of a water pipe, and none of these were fatal. It should be recalled, however, that accidental CO intoxication is common and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CASE PRESENTATION AND COURSE: We present a series of four young adults, aged 16 to 21, three of whom were hospitalized because of transient unconsciousness. The carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) content of the blood in the symptomatic patients ranged from 20.1% to 29.6%, while the asymptomatic patient had a CO-Hb content of 16.7%. Water-pipe smoking was the cause of CO intoxication in all four cases. The CO-Hb values were successfully brought down by the administration of highly concentrated oxygen and all patients were discharged in asymptomatic condition. CONCLUSION: This case series reveals that CO intoxication due to water-pipe smoking is probably more common than is generally realized. Emergency room staff should be aware of this problem and inquire specifically about water-pipe smoking in patients with nonspecific neurological manifestations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors von Rappard,J., Schonenberger,M., Barlocher,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4215085 Editors
Tobacco use among 10th grade students in Istanbul and related variables	2014	Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy State Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: cuneytevren@yahoo.com.; Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskulos	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian journal of psychiatry Periodical, Abbrev. Asian J.Psychiatr. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 8 Issue Start Page 69 Other Pages 75 Notes LR: 20160519; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 101517820; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/08/10 [received]; 2013/08/24 [revised]; 2013/11/23 [accepted]; 2013/12/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1876-2026; 1876-2018 Accession Number PMID: 24655632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.11.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24655632 Abstract Aim of this study was to determine prevalence of cigarette smoking and hookah use among 10th grade students in Istanbul, Turkey, and to compare sociodemographic, psychological and behavioral variables according to frequency of tobacco use. Cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul/Turkey. The questionnaire included sections about demographic data, family characteristics, school life, psychological symptoms and use of substances including tobacco, hookah, alcohol, marijuana, volatiles, heroin, cocaine, non-prescribed legal tranquillizers (benzodiazepines, alprazolam etc.) and illegal tranquillizers (flunitrazepam). The analyses were conducted based on the 4957 subjects. Trial at least once in life is observed as 45.4% for hookah use and as 24.4% for cigarette use. Risk of hookah and cigarette use was significantly higher in male students than in female students. Frequency of tobacco use is related with various sociodemographic, psychological and behavioral variables. Our data also shows that using tobacco and alcohol increases the risk of all the other substances use and these effects are interrelated. The data suggest that there is a link between tobacco use and substance use, psychological, behavioral and social factors. There is also a strong association between tobacco use and suicidal behavior as well as self-mutilative, impulsive, hyperactive, delinquent, aggressive and behavioral problems. The illumination of these relationships may be relevant in prevention and management of tobacco use as well as important problems, such as substance use, impulsivity, hyperactivity, delinquent, aggressive self-mutilative and suicidal behavior among 10th grade students in Istanbul. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Evren,C., Evren,B., Bozkurt,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131201 PMCID Editors
Legislation enforcement of the waterpipe tobacco industry: a qualitative analysis of the London experience	2014	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 16 Issue 7 Start Page 1000 Other Pages 1008 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 2014/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24642591 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu022 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24642591 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is prevalent worldwide and is legislatively enforceable under many countries' existing tobacco laws. Globally, however, the waterpipe tobacco industry anecdotally appears poorly controlled. This study aimed to gather intelligence from local government (known as local authority [LA]) staff in London, United Kingdom, about their WTS enforcement experiences. METHODS: In-depth telephone interviews were conducted among 26 LA staff from 14 London boroughs, exploring industry characteristics and tobacco legislation compliance. Recurrent themes were analyzed and derived deductively. RESULTS: Approximately 400 waterpipe premises operate across London, benefiting from high profit margins. LA staff are resource strained, limiting their surveillance of waterpipe premises, some of which are associated with an underground culture. Noise and nuisance are key features of waterpipe premises. Most waterpipe premises were generally noncompliant with most aspects of existing tobacco legislation, mainly due to disproportionately low fines and unclear legislation enforcement guidance. Successful methods for enforcing legislation included a synchronized, multiagency approach; however, this was inconsistently implemented across boroughs. Many LA staff believe licensing waterpipe premises will improve surveillance and control the industry's proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The waterpipe tobacco industry is unregulated and places a significant burden on many LAs in London, mainly due to lack of resources. These problems may also occur in other large cities worldwide. Existing tobacco legislation should be amended to accommodate WTS, including consideration of licensing the industry. More research is needed to gain a full understanding of the waterpipe tobacco industry and its impact on other global cities. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Jawad,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140318 PMCID Editors
Change in carbon monoxide exposure among waterpipe bar patrons	2014	Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL; mmartinasek@ut.edu.; Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN;; Public Health Intern, University of Tampa,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 16 Issue 7 Start Page 1014 Other Pages 1019 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); 2014/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24642592 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu041 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24642592 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe (also known as hookah) smoking is increasing around the world, including the United States, where waterpipe bars have sprung up rapidly around college campuses. Users are exposed to several toxicants, including carbon monoxide (CO). We evaluated change in exhaled CO and estimated carboxyhemoglobin levels among waterpipe bar patrons in Tampa, FL. METHODS: Exhaled breath samples were obtained immediately before entering and after leaving 6 waterpipe bars in Tampa, FL to measure CO boost and factors affecting CO change. Demographics, cigarette use status, and characteristics of waterpipe use during the bar visit also were assessed. RESULTS: Among the sample of 166 participants, mean CO increased from 6.5 parts per million (ppm) to 58.2 ppm (a 795% relative boost; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Martinasek,M.P., Ward,K.D., Calvanese,A.V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140318 PMCID Editors
Impact of elevated Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) concentrations of reverse osmosis membrane desalinated seawater on the stability of water pipe materials	2014	National University of Singapore, NUS Environment Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore.; National University of Singapore, NUS Environment Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of water and health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Water.Health. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 12 Issue 1 Start Page 24 Other Pages 33 Notes JID: 101185420; 0 (Membranes, Artificial); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); I38ZP9992A (Magnesium); SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-8920; 1477-8920 Accession Number PMID: 24642429 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2166/wh.2013.060 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24642429 Abstract Hardness and alkalinity are known factors influencing the chemical stability of desalinated water. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) on corrosion and/or scale formation on the surface of different water distribution pipe materials under tropical conditions. The corrosion rates of ductile iron, cast iron and cement-lined ductile iron coupons were examined in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalinated seawater which was remineralised using different concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). The changes in water characteristics and the coupon corrosion rates were studied before and after the post-treatment. The corrosion mechanisms and corrosion products were examined using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. We found that the combination of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) (60/40 mg/L as CaCO3) resulted in lower corrosion rates than all other treatments for the three types of pipe materials, suggesting that Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) combination improves the chemical stability of desalinated seawater rather than Ca(2+) only. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liang,J., Deng,A., Xie,R., Gomez,M., Hu,J., Zhang,J., Ong,C.N., Adin,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Young adult waterpipe smokers: Smoking behaviors and associated subjective and physiological effects	2014	Program of Excellence in the Addictions, College of Nursing, Washington State University, WA, USA. Electronic address: Kawkab.shishani@gmail.com.; Program of Excellence in the Addictions, College of Nursing, Washington State University, WA, USA.; Program	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1113 Other Pages 1119 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K01 DA037661/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS610813; OID: NLM: NIHMS610813; OID: NLM: PMC4096831; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/06 [received]; 2014/02/ Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24657000 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24657000 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate smoking behaviors and subjective and physiological effects of nicotine on young adult occasional waterpipe smokers. METHODS: This study utilized a repeated-measures design that included one repeated factor for condition (nicotine and non-nicotine). For each participant, the sequencing of the repeated factor was assigned using random allocation. The two nicotine conditions were nicotine (0.75 g) and non-nicotine (0 g placebo) tobacco. Over the course of two weeks, twenty-two participants completed subjective (Acute Subjective Effects of Nicotine) and physiological (blood pressure, heart rate, and CO level) measures. Additional measures (QSU and MNWS-R) were used to assess for withdrawal symptoms. SAMPLE: The participants (n=22) were young adults (23 +/- 3.1years); 71% smoked waterpipe once a month in the past year and 29% smoked waterpipe 1-2 times per week. In addition, 60% reported sharing their waterpipe with friends while smoking. None of the participants reported using any other forms of tobacco products. RESULTS: Under the nicotine condition, participants tended to smoke longer (i.e. smoking duration, p=0.004), take more puffs (p=0.03), take shorter puffs (p=0.03), and inhale less volume with each puff (p=0.02). The repeated measures analysis of the factor headrush revealed an effect of the nicotine condition (F=9.69, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Shishani,K., Howell,D., McPherson,S., Roll,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140312 PMCID PMC4096831 Editors
On the acoustic filtering of the pipe and sensor in a buried plastic water pipe and its effect on leak detection: an experimental investigation	2014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, UNESP - FEIS, Av. Brasil, 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, Brazil. fabricio.lobato@yahoo.com.br.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UNESP - FEIS, Av. Brasil, 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, Brazil. mjbrennan0@btinterne	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Periodical, Abbrev. Sensors (Basel) Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 14 Issue 3 Start Page 5595 Other Pages 5610 Notes JID: 101204366; 0 (Plastics); OID: NLM: PMC4004009; 2013/11/25 [received]; 2013/12/23 [revised]; 2014/01/02 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1424-8220; 1424-8220 Accession Number PMID: 24658622 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/s140305595 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24658622 Abstract Acoustic techniques have been used for many years to find and locate leaks in buried water distribution systems. Hydrophones and accelerometers are typically used as sensors. Although geophones could be used as well, they are not generally used for leak detection. A simple acoustic model of the pipe and the sensors has been proposed previously by some of the authors of this paper, and their model was used to explain some of the features observed in measurements. However, simultaneous measurements of a leak using all three sensor-types in controlled conditions for plastic pipes has not been reported to-date and hence they have not yet been compared directly. This paper fills that gap in knowledge. A set of measurements was made on a bespoke buried plastic water distribution pipe test rig to validate the previously reported analytical model. There is qualitative agreement between the experimental results and the model predictions in terms of the differing filtering properties of the pipe-sensor systems. A quality measure for the data is also presented, which is the ratio of the bandwidth over which the analysis is carried out divided by the centre frequency of this bandwidth. Based on this metric, the accelerometer was found to be the best sensor to use for the test rig described in this paper. However, for a system in which the distance between the sensors is large or the attenuation factor of the system is high, then it would be advantageous to use hydrophones, even though they are invasive sensors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Almeida,F., Brennan,M., Joseph,P., Whitfield,S., Dray,S., Paschoalini,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140320 PMCID PMC4004009 Editors
The relationship between waterpipe and cigarette smoking in low and middle income countries: cross-sectional analysis of the global adult tobacco survey	2014	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; Department of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Mar Volume 9 Issue 3 Start Page e93097 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3963998; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/10/07 [received]; 2014/03/03 [accepted]; 2014/03/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24664109 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093097 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24664109 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is receiving growing attention due to accumulating evidence suggesting increasing prevalence in some populations and deleterious health effects. Nevertheless, the relationship between waterpipe and cigarette smoking remain unknown, particularly in low and middle income countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed waterpipe and cigarette smoking using data from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, a household survey of adults aged >/=15 years conducted between 2008-2010 in LMICs. Factors associated with waterpipe and cigarette use were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Factors associated with the quantity of waterpipe and cigarette smoking were assessed using log-linear regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, residence, education, occupation and smokeless tobacco use, waterpipe smoking was significantly higher among cigarette users than in non-cigarette users in India (5.6% vs. 0.6%, AOR 13.12, 95% CI 7.41-23.23) and Russia (6.7% vs. 0.2%, AOR 27.73, 95% CI 11.41-67.43), but inversely associated in Egypt (2.6% vs. 3.4%, AOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.15-0.30) and not associated in Vietnam (13.3% vs. 4.7%, AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74-1.23). Compared to non-cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers who also used cigarettes had more waterpipe smoking sessions per week in Russia (1.3 vs. 2.9, beta coefficient 0.31, 95% CI 0.06, 0.57), but less in Egypt (18.2 vs. 10.7, beta coefficient -0.45, 95% CI -0.73, -0.17) and Vietnam (102.0 vs. 79.3, beta coefficient -0.31, 95% CI -0.56, -0.06) and similar amounts in India (29.4 vs. 32.6, beta coefficient -0.12, 95% CI -0.46, 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking is low in most LMICs but important country-level differences in use, including concurrent cigarette smoking, should be taken into account when designing and evaluating tobacco control interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Lee,J.T., Millett,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140324 PMCID PMC3963998 Editors
Biomarkers in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors	2014	Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital. Athens, Greece. mtheochari@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JOP : Journal of the pancreas Periodical, Abbrev. JOP Pub Date Free Form 10-Mar Volume 15 Issue 2 Start Page 138 Other Pages 139 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101091810; 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor); 0 (MIRN27 microRNA, human); 0 (MicroRNAs); 0 (Smad4 Protein); 2014/02/06 [received]; 2014/02/07 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1590-8577; 1590-8577 Accession Number PMID: 24618438 Language eng SubFile Congresses; IM DOI 10.6092/1590-8577/2321 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24618438 Abstract The aim of biomarkers is to identify patients most likely to benefit from a therapeutic strategy. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that arise in the endocrine tissues of the pancreas. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors represent 3% of primary pancreatic neoplasms and their incidence has risen. The SMAD4 gene is located on chromosome 18q and someday the SMAD4 gene status may be useful for prognostic stratification and therapeutic decision. The cells respond to environmental signals by modulating the expressions of genes contained within the nucleus, when genes are activated are transcribed to generate messenger RNA (mRNA). The examination of multiple expressed genes and proteins provides more useful information for prognostication of individual tumors. Here we summarize and discuss findings presented at the 2014 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Anna Karpathakis et al. (Abstract #212) reported data about the role of DNA methylation in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Christina Lynn Roland et al. (Abstract #250) looked the impact Of SMAD4 on oncologic outcomes. Bong Kynn Kang et al. (Abstract #251) investigated prognostic biomarker using microRNA array technology. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Theochari,M.S., Syrigos,K.N., Saif,M.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140310 PMCID Editors
Behavioral cessation treatment of waterpipe smoking: The first pilot randomized controlled trial	2014	Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria; Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Sy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1066 Other Pages 1074 Notes LR: 20150601; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS615577 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24629480 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24629480 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe use has increased dramatically in the Middle East and other parts of the world. Many users exhibit signs of dependence, including withdrawal and difficulty quitting, but there is no evidence base to guide cessation efforts. METHODS: We developed a behavioral cessation program for willing-to-quit waterpipe users, and evaluated its feasibility and efficacy in a pilot, two arm, parallel group, randomized, open label trial in Aleppo, Syria. Fifty adults who smoked waterpipe >/=3 times per week in the last year, did not smoke cigarettes, and were interested in quitting were randomized to receive either brief (1 in-person session and 3 phone calls) or intensive (3 in-person sessions and 5 phone calls) behavioral cessation treatment delivered by a trained physician in a clinical setting. The primary efficacy end point of the developed interventions was prolonged abstinence at three months post-quit day, assessed by self-report and exhaled carbon monoxide levels of Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Asfar,T., Al Ali,R., Rastam,S., Maziak,W., Ward,K.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140303 PMCID PMC4141480 Editors

E-mail