Abstract
Electronic smoking devices (ESDs), also known as electronic cigarettes, are devices used for nicotine consumption without the need to burn tobacco leaves. These devices heat a chemical mixture of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetal glycerin (VG), containing varying concentrations of nicotine and other additives, known as e-liquid. When heated, this mixture forms an aerosol that is inhaled, delivering nicotine to the lungs and subsequently into the bloodstream. The chemical composition of these e-liquids varies according to their origin, brand, or consumer preference (including homemade production). In Brazil, the commercialization of
electronic cigarettes has been banned since 2009, with the restriction reaffirmed by Anvisa Resolution No. 855/2024. Consequently, the composition of products available to Brazilian consumers is often unknown, raising concerns among health authorities. This review examines the reported health, societal, and environmental impacts of electronic cigarette use, as well as the environmental challenges associated with the disposal of these materials. Contrary to the belief that they reduce harm or serve as aids for smoking
cessation, the review highlights that e-cigarettes are associated with considerable health risks, contribute to substantial electronic waste and environmental pollution, and impose significant socioeconomic burdens, particularly by targeting young populations by promoting nicotine dependence.
