Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco: adesão e implantação na América Latina

Abstract

Objective. Outline the panorama of world adherence to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and describe the implementation of the measures recommended by the FCTC in Latin American countries. Methods. This descriptive study was based on analysis of secondary data to determine the adherence status, in 2015, of the countries of the six regions defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the FCTC. After that, a mapping of the implementation, until the year 2012, of the measures recommended by the FCTC in all the States Parties and particularly in 12 Latin American States Parties was carried out. Finally, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela were evaluated in terms of the degree of implementation of the FCTC (incipient, intermediate and advanced). Measures encompassed by four axes were considered in this step – reducing the demand for tobacco, reducing the supply of tobacco, reducing damage to the environment and people's health caused by tobacco, and support for smoking cessation. Results. By August 2015, 180 countries had joined the list of States Parties to the FCTC. Considering the 126 countries that submitted global progress reports on implementation in the 2012 cycle, the most prevalent measures adopted referred to protection against exposure to tobacco smoke (83.0% for all countries and 100% for all countries). from Latin American countries). Among the five countries selected for detailed analysis, measures aimed at to the reduction in demand and supply of tobacco were the most frequent. Measures related to reducing damage to the environment were rare. Brazil and Mexico presented the most advanced implementation among the countries studied. Conclusions. Latin America had a high proportion of States Parties that implemented the measures recommended by the FCTC. The heterogeneity of the implementation situation in the five selected countries suggests that tobacco control policies are conditioned by national particularities