Health Legislation

The decree creates the Commission Nationale du Médicament (CNM) for human use, whose mission is to validate the work of the Expert Committee responsible for the technical evaluation of applications for marketing authorization for pharmaceutical products for human use. It also gives a final opinion on marketing authorization applications; applications for renewal, extension of variation and transfer of marketing authorization; temporary suspension of marketing authorization; and proposals for definitive withdrawal of marketing authorization.

This Act establishes a Health Care Agency and provides for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

This Act establishes the Public Health Authority to regulate and monitor health-related services, and establishes the Public Health Authority Board and the Appeals Board, their functions, powers and procedures and provides for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

This Act repeals and substitutes the Constitution of Zimbabwe. The new Constitution, provided in the schedule of the Act, includes 345 articles addressing a wide array of issues including, among others, founding provisions, national objectives, citizenship, declaration of rights, the executive, the legislature, the judiciary and the courts, principles of public administration, civil service and security services, local authorities, corruption etc. (non-exhaustive list).

This Act provides for the establishment of an independent Drug and Food Control Authority in South Sudan and provide an appropriate and effective independent regulatory mechanism to control and regulate the manufacture, supply, promotion, marketing, advertising, distribution and use of drugs, poisons, chemicals, cosmetics medical devices and food for human or animal use.

The Health Institutions and Facilities Act of 2011 provides for a Health Facilities Regulatory Agency to license facilities for the provision of public and private health care services, establishes the Mortuaries and Funeral Facilities Agency to control and regulate facilities connected with the storage and disposal of human remains, establishes an Ambulance Council to regulate the operation of ambulance services in the country in accordance with policy standards and to provide for related matters.

The Constitution of South Sudan was adopted in 2011. It is the supreme law of the state. The Constitution sets out the values and principles of organization of the state, establishes the rights, freedoms and obligations of the people, sets up key state institutions and bodies, etc. The Constitution of South Sudan consists of 200 articles that are grouped into fifteen parts, supplemented by 5 schedules.

The Constitutional Petition No. 16 of 2011 challenges the government's failure to provide minimum maternal health services, asserting that this violates constitutional rights to health, life, and dignity. In 2015, the Constitutional Court ruled in favor of the petitioners, emphasizing the need for the government to ensure access to essential maternal health services, such as skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care, to protect the right to life and dignity.

The Constitution of Angola was promulgated in 2010. The Constitution contains 244 articles addressing a large number of issues such as the protection of fundamental rights, freedoms, guarantees  and duties, the fundamental principles of the state and institutional arrangements. The Constitution was amended in 2021 (the 2021 amendment is available in the legislation repository).

The Constitution of Kenya is a supreme law of the Republic of Kenya. It was adopted in 2010 and replaced the previous Constitution of 1963. The Constitution consists of 264 articles that are arranged into 18 chapters covering such issues as the bill of rights, organization of the state, separation of powers, electoral framework, etc.

The Constitution of Madagascar was adopted in 2010. It consists of 168 Articles that are grouped into seven titles. The Constitution addresses a wide range of issues such as the fundamental principles of the State, freedoms, rights and obligations of the citizens, organization of the State, key organs of the state, etc.

The Constitution was promulgated by Decree No 2010-754 of 25 November 2010. It includes 185 articles addressing a wide array of issues including, among other things, human rights and duties and institutional arrangements.

The Constitution of Niger (2010) is structured into several titles, each addressing different aspects of the state's governance and the rights of its citizens. The document begins with a Preamble, followed by Title I: The State and Sovereignty, which outlines the fundamental principles of the Republic of Niger. Title II: Rights and Duties of the Human Person includes various articles on individual rights, including health rights. Title III: Executive Power details the roles and responsibilities of the President and the Government. Title IV: Legislative Power focuses on the functions of the National Assembly. Title V: Relations Between Executive and Legislative Powers describes the interaction between these branches. Title VI: Judicial Power covers the judiciary's independence and structure. Title VII: Economic, Social, and Cultural Development outlines the state's development policies. Title VIII: The Higher Council of Communication addresses media and communication regulations. Title IX: Local Authorities discusses decentralization and local governance. Title X: Treaties and International Agreements covers the process of treaty ratification. Title XI: Cooperation and Association with States focuses on international cooperation. Title XII: Revision details the process for amending the Constitution. Title XIII: Transitional Provisions and Title XIV: Final Provisions conclude the document. Articles 12 and 13 specifically refer to health rights. Article 12 states that everyone has the right to health, and Article 13 emphasizes the state's duty to create conditions ensuring access to medical services and assistance in case of illness.

The National Accreditation Board Act of 2007 establishes the National Accreditation Board and provides for related purposes.

The Act provides for the establishment of the Council to regulate the conduct of Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians, the registration of Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians and provides for related matters.

The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo was adopted in 2006 and revised by Law No 11/002 of 20 January 2011. The Constitution consists of 229 articles that are grouped into eight titles. The Constitution includes provisions on the key principles of the organization of the Republic, human rights and fundamental freedoms, organization of powers, key state organs, etc.

This Act provides the legal framework for the regulation, registration, and practice of health professionals by establishing the Health Professionals Council.

The Constitution was promulgated in 2005 and reviewed in 2018. The Constitution contains 292 articles addressing a broad range of issues as the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the fundamental principles of the state and institutional arrangements.

The Constitution includes 279 articles addressing a wide array of issues including the Kingdom and its constitution, the protection and promotion of fundamental rights and freedoms, the acquisition and loss of citizenship, the directive principles of state policy, as well as institutional arrangements (the executive, the legislature, the judicature, local governments, and traditional institutions). The Constitution also addresses public services, public finance, and international relations. (non-exhaustive list).

This law sets out the foundations of the National Health Service, including the definition of health actions and services, on a permanent or occasional basis, by natural or legal persons governed by public or private law, with a view to promoting and protecting health, preventing, treating and rehabilitating illness.