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STEPS

STEPS 2020

Maldives, 2020 - 2021
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Reference ID
MDV_2020_STEPS_v01
Producer(s)
Maldives National University, Ministry of Health
Collections
STEPS
Metadata
DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Jul 29, 2026
Last modified
Jul 29, 2026
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Data file: mdv2020

National public-use dataset

Cases: 3098
Variables: 457

Variables

id
participant ID - unique record ID
stratum
stratum
psu
psu
age
age for analysis
agerange
ageranges for which survey was designed
sex
sex
wstep1
final analysis weight for step 1 variables (interview)
wstep2
final analysis weight for step 2 variables (physical measures)
wstep3
final analysis weight for step 3 variables (biochemical measures)
i6
interview language
c4
yrs of education
c5
highest level of education
c7
marital status
c8
work status
c8_other
other work type
c9x
household size (including infants)
c10x
household includes pregnant woman
c11xa
Household has: Radio
c11xb
Household has: Television
c11xc
Household has: Landline/Non-mobile phone
c11xd
Household has: Mobile phone
c11xe
Household has: Computer / Laptop
c11xf
Household has: Refrigerator
c11xg
Household has: Air conditioner
c11xh
Household has: Washing machine
c11xi
Household has: Sofa
c11xj
Household has: Table
c11xk
Household has: Internet broadband connection (other than mobile data)
c11xl
Household has: Chair
c11xm
Household has: Watch / Clock
c11xn
Household has: Bicycle
c11xo
Household has: Motor cycle / Scooter
c11xp
Household has: Car / Truck
c11xq
Household has: Pickup / Lorry
c11xr
Household has: A fishing boat
c11xs
Household has: Any other boat
t1
current smoking
t2
current daily smoking
t3
age started smoking
t4
time since started smoking
t4type
time since started smoking - unit of time
t5a
manufactured cigs smoked per day
t5aw
manufactured cigs smoked per week
t5b
hand-rolled cigs smoked per day
t5bw
hand-rolled cigs smoked per week
t5c
bidis smoked per day
t5cw
bidis smoked per week
t5d
cigars smoked per day
t5dw
cigars smoked per week
t5e
pipes smoked per day
t5ew
pipes smoked per week
t5f
shisha sessions per day
t5fw
shisha sessions per week
t5g
other smoked per day
t5gw
other smoked per week
t5other
specify other product smoked
t6
stop smoking attempt in past 12 mos
t7
advised by MD to stop smoking
t8
past smoking
t9
past daily smoking
t10
age quit smoking
t11
time since quitting smoking
t11type
time since quitting smoking - unit of time
t12
current smokeless tobacco use
t13
current daily smokeless tobacco use
t14a
Snuff, by mouth times per day
t14aw
Snuff, by mouth times per week
t14b
Snuff, by nose times per day
t14bw
Snuff, by nose times per week
t14c
Chewing tobacco times per day
t14cw
Chewing tobacco times per week
t14d
Betel with tobacco times per day
t14dw
Betel with tobacco times per week
t14e
Khaini (Ganesh) per day
t14ew
Khaini (Ganesh) per week
t14f
other smokeless product per day
t14fw
other smokeless product per week
t14other
specify other tobacco product used
t15
past smokeless use
t16
past daily smokeless use
tx1
tried to stop using smokeless in past 12 mos
tx2
advised by doctor in past 12 mos to stop using smokeless
tx3_1
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Counseling by any health care workers
tx3_2
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Special cessation clinic
tx3_3
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Cessation service/Clinic under govt
tx3_4
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Nicotine replacement therapy
tx3_5
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Traditional medicine like Hijama
tx3_6
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: A quit line or telephone support line
tx3_7
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Mobile or online cessation advisory app
tx3_8
Used in past 12 mos to help quit tobacco: Try to quit without assistance
tx3_other
other action taken to help quit tobacco
dm
other action taken to help quit tobacco - described
t17
exposed to smoke in home
t17x
how often in past 30 days someone smoked at home in your presence
t18
exposed to smoke at work
tx5a
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Restaurants/Hotels/Cafes
tx5b
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Public transport
tx5c
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: School/University
tx5d
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Health care facilities
tx6a
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Fish market/Local market
tx6b
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Street
tx6c
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Parks
tx6d
In past 30 days, saw someone smoke in following location: Public Beaches etc.
ec1
ever heard of e-cigs
ec3
current use e-cigs
ec4
ever used e-cigs
ecx1
where last e-cigs used were obtained
ecx1_other
other place e-cigs obtained
b1x
currently use betel nut
b2x
type of betel nut used
b3x
currently use pan masala
tp1a
notice info on dangers of smoking in newspapers, magazines
tp1b
notice info on dangers of smoking on TV/cinema
tp1c
notice info on dangers of smoking on radio
tp1d
notice info on dangers of smoking on billboards/posters
tp1e
notice info on dangers of smoking on internet
tpx1
notice ads promoting tobacco products in newspapers, magazines
tpx2
notice ads promoting tobacco products on TV/cinema
tpx3
notice ads promoting tobacco products on radio
tpx4
notice ads promoting tobacco products on billboards/posters
tpx5
notice ads promoting tobacco products on internet
tp2
noticed cig ads
tp3a
notice cig promos: free samples
tp3b
notice cig promos: cigs on sale
tp3c
notice cig promos: coupons
tp3d
notice cig promos: free gifts
tp3e
notice cig promos: branded clothing
tp3f
notice cig promos: in the mail
tp4
noticed health warnings on cig packs
tp5
thought about quitting due to health warning
tp6
number of cigs bought last purchase
tp7
price paid for last cig purchase
tpx6
packaging of last tobacco purchase
tpx6_other
other packaging
dr1
lifetime use of illicit drugs
dr2
use of illicit drugs in past 30 days
a1
ever drank alcohol
a2
drank alcohol in past 12 mos
a3x_1
reason stopped drinking: Health reason
a3x_2
reason stopped drinking: Family Pressure
a3x_3
reason stopped drinking: Can't afford/No money to buy
a3x_4
reason stopped drinking: Just wanted to stop
a3x_5
reason stopped drinking: Spiritual/religious reasons
a3x_6
reason stopped drinking: Advice of doctor / health worker
a3x_7
reason stopped drinking: Because of legal ban
a3x_8
reason stopped drinking: Not available
a3x_other
reason stopped drinking: other
fs
reason stopped drinking: other (describe)
a4
freq drinking in past 12 mos
a5
drank alcohol in past 30 days
a5x
type of alcohol usually drunk
a6
number drinking occasions past 30 days
a7
average number drinks per occasion past 30 days
a8
largest number drinks past 30 days
a9
times drank 6+ drinks in single occasion past 30 days
a10a
number of drinks consumed last Monday
a10b
number of drinks consumed last Tuesday
a10c
number of drinks consumed last Wednesday
a10d
number of drinks consumed last Thursday
a10e
number of drinks consumed last Friday
a10f
number of drinks consumed last Saturday
a10g
number of drinks consumed last Sunday
a11
drank undeclared alcohol in past 7 days
a12a
number of homebrewed spirits in past 7 days
a12b
number of homebrewed beer or wine in past 7 days
a12c
number of alcohol brought over the border in past 7 days
a12d
number of alcohol not intended for drinking in past 7 days
a12e
number of other untaxed alcohol in past 7 days
ap1
how difficult to obtain alcohol
ap4
stopped in past 12 mos for alcohol while driving/riding
d1
days fruit eaten per week
d2
servings fruit eaten per day
d3
days veg eaten per week
d4
servings veg eaten per day
dx1
desirable number of servings of fruit and veg to eat per day
d5a
adding salt when eating
d5b
adding salty sauce when eating
d7
eating processed foods high in salt
d8a
how much salt consumed
d8b
how much saltly sauce consumed
d8x
maximum amount of salt person should eat per day (in teaspoons)
d9
importance lowering salt
d10x_1
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Nothing
d10x_2
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Increase BP
d10x_3
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Kidney disease
d10x_4
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Asthma
d10x_5
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Cancer
d10x_6
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Tuberculosis
d10x_77
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Don't know
d10x_other
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Other
hm
think consuming too much salt can cause following problem: Other (described)
d11x
currently doing anything to control salt intake
d11a
limit processed food consumption
d11b
look at salt content on labels
d11c
buy low salt alternative
d11d
use spices instead of salt
d11e
avoid eating out
d11f
do other things to control salt intake
d11g
cook meals without adding salt
d11h
other things done to limit salt intake
d11other
describe other things
d12x
type of oil/fat most often used at home
d12x_other
other type of oil used
d14x
check nutrition labels before buying food
d14xa_1
check nutrition labels: Yes, for Fat
d14xa_2
check nutrition labels: Yes, for Sugar
d14xa_3
check nutrition labels: Yes, for Salt
d15x_1
why not checking nutrition labels: I don't have time
d15x_2
why not checking nutrition labels: Difficult to understand
d15x_3
why not checking nutrition labels: Did not feel the need to check it
d15x_4
why not checking nutrition labels: Can't read/understand label
d15x_5
why not checking nutrition labels: I can't read any language
d15x_other
why not checking nutrition labels: other
il
other reasons not checking nutrition labels
p1
vig activity at work
p2
vig activity at work: days per week
p3a
vig activity at work: hours per day
p3b
vig activity at work: mins per day
p4
mod activity at work
p5
mod activity at work: days per week
p6a
mod activity at work: hours per day
p6b
mod activity at work: mins per day
p7
active transport
p8
active transport: days per week
p9a
active transport: hours per day
p9b
active transport: mins per day
p10
vig leisure activity
p11
vig leisure activity: days per week
p12a
vig leisure activity: hours per day
p12b
vig leisure activity: mins per day
p13
mod leisure activity
p14
mod leisure activity: days per week
p15a
mod leisure activity: hours per day
p15b
mod leisure activity: mins per day
p16a
sedentary time: hours per day
p16b
sedentary time: mins per day
p17x
ever used outdoor gyms
p18x
reason not used outdoor gyms
p19x
how often used outdoor gyms in past 12 mos
p20x
ever used sea/swimming
p21x
reason not used sea/swam
p22x
how often used sea/swam in past 12 mos
h1
BP measured
h2a
told had high BP
h2b
told had high BP in past 12 mos
h2c
ever told to take meds for high BP
h2d
ever taken meds for high BP
h3
taken meds for high BP in past 2 weeks
hx2_1
usually go for high BP treatment: Indira Gandhi memorial hospital
hx2_2
usually go for high BP treatment: Government Health Facility in the island
hx2_3
usually go for high BP treatment: Government health facility in another island
hx2_4
usually go for high BP treatment: Mobile testing camps
hx2_5
usually go for high BP treatment: Private hospital
hx2_6
usually go for high BP treatment: Private clinic
hx2_7
usually go for high BP treatment: Hijama or Ayurvedic
hx2_8
usually go for high BP treatment: NGOs
hx2_9
usually go for high BP treatment: Abroad
hx2_77
usually go for high BP treatment: Don't know
hx2_other
usually go for high BP treatment: other
kg
usually go for high BP treatment: other (describe)
hx3_1
usually get meds for high BP: Pharmacy at govt hospital/clinic on same island
hx3_2
usually get meds for high BP: Pharmacy at govt hospital/clinic on another island
hx3_3
usually get meds for high BP: Pharmacy at private hospital/clinic on same island
hx3_4
usually get meds for high BP: Pharmacy at private hospital/clinic on another island
hx3_5
usually get meds for high BP: Hijama or Ayurvedic
hx3_6
usually get meds for high BP: From abroad
hx3_77
usually get meds for high BP: Don't know
hx3_other
usually get meds for high BP: other
kq
usually get meds for high BP: other (describe)
hx4_1
reason not taking meds for high BP: Don't think drug is necessary
hx4_2
reason not taking meds for high BP: Got side effects
hx4_3
reason not taking meds for high BP: Afraid of side effects
hx4_4
reason not taking meds for high BP: Too expensive
hx4_5
reason not taking meds for high BP: Blood pressure got normal
hx4_6
reason not taking meds for high BP: Medicine not available
hx4_7
reason not taking meds for high BP: Medicine not advised by doctor
hx4_8
reason not taking meds for high BP: Fear of being dependent for lifetime
hx4_other
reason not taking meds for high BP: other
lb
reason not taking meds for high BP: other (describe)
h4
seen trad'l healer for high BP
h5
taking trad'l meds for high BP
h4x
seen hijama healer for high BP
h5x
taking hijama for high BP
h6
gluc measured
h7a
told had high gluc
h7b
told had high gluc in past 12 mos
h7c
ever told to take meds for high gluc
h7d
ever taken meds for high gluc
h8
taken meds for high gluc
h9
taking insulin for high gluc
h9x1_1
usually go for high gluc treatment: Indira Gandhi memorial hospital
h9x1_2
usually go for high gluc treatment: Government Health Facility in the island
h9x1_3
usually go for high gluc treatment: Government health facility in another island
h9x1_4
usually go for high gluc treatment: Mobile testing camps
h9x1_5
usually go for high gluc treatment: Private hospital
h9x1_6
usually go for high gluc treatment: Private clinic
h9x1_7
usually go for high gluc treatment: Hijama or Ayurvedic
h9x1_8
usually go for high gluc treatment: NGOs
h9x1_9
usually go for high gluc treatment: Abroad
h9x1_77
usually go for high gluc treatment: Don't know
Total: 457
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