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Degradation of specific aromatic compounds migrating from PEX pipes into drinking water	2015	Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: sury@env.dtu.dk.; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Buildi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 81 Issue Start Page 269 Other Pages 278 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0105072; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/29 [received]; 2015/05/24 [revised]; 2015/05/27 [accepted]; 2015/05/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 26074190 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.054 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26074190 Abstract Nine specific compounds identified to migrate from polyethylene (PE) and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) to drinking water were investigated for their degradation in drinking water. Three sample types were studied: field samples (collected at consumer taps), PEX pipe water extractions, and water samples spiked with target compounds. Four compounds were quantified in field samples at concentrations of 0.15-8.0 mug/L. During PEX pipe water extraction 0.42 +/- 0.20 mg NVOC/L was released and five compounds quantified (0.5-6.1 mug/L). The degradation of these compounds was evaluated in PEX-pipe water extractions and spiked samples. 4-ethylphenol was degraded within 22 days. Eight compounds were, however, only partially degradable under abiotic and biotic conditions within the timeframe of the experiments (2-4 weeks). Neither inhibition nor co-metabolism was observed in the presence of acetate or PEX pipe derived NVOC. Furthermore, the degradation in drinking water from four different locations with three different water works was similar. In conclusion, eight out of the nine compounds studied would - if being released from the pipes - reach consumers with only minor concentration decrease during water distribution. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Ryssel,S.T., Arvin,E., Lutzhoft,H.C., Olsson,M.E., Prochazkova,Z., Albrechtsen,H.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150529 PMCID Editors
Deficiencies in public understanding about tobacco harm reduction: results from a United States national survey	2015	Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Public Health and Health Professions, 3425 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. mtk8@buffalo.edu.; Department of Community Health and Healt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Harm reduction journal Periodical, Abbrev. Harm Reduct J. Pub Date Free Form 2-Jul Volume 12 Issue Start Page 21 Other Pages 015-0055-0 Notes LR: 20150707; JID: 101153624; OID: NLM: PMC4487951; 2015/03/13 [received]; 2015/06/25 [accepted]; 2015/07/02 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-7517; 1477-7517 Accession Number PMID: 26135116 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/s12954-015-0055-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26135116 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco products differ in their relative health harms. The need for educating consumers about such harms is growing as different tobacco products enter the marketplace and as the FDA moves to regulate and educate the public about different products. However, little is known about the patterns of the public's knowledge of relative harms. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 4 Cycle 2, a population-representative survey of US adults conducted between October 2012 and January 2013 (N = 3630). Participants reported their perceptions of the relative risks of e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and different types of cigarettes compared to "traditional" cigarettes. Relative risk perceptions for each product type, as well as the consistency and accuracy of harm reduction beliefs, were analyzed. RESULTS: About 65% of the respondents accurately reported that no cigarettes were less harmful than any others. Slightly more than half of U.S. adults perceived e-cigarettes to be safer than regular cigarettes, a belief in line with current scientific evidence. By contrast, only 9% of respondents perceived some smokeless tobacco products to be safer, a belief strongly supported by the evidence. Only 3.5% of respondents had patterns of relative risk perceptions in line with current scientific evidence for all three modalities. CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy between current evidence and public perceptions of relative risk of various tobacco/nicotine products was marked; for most tobacco types, a large proportion of the population held inaccurate harm reduction beliefs. Although there was substantial awareness that no cigarettes were safer than any other cigarettes, there could be benefits from increasing the percentage of the public that appreciates this fact, especially among current smokers. Given the potential benefits of tobacco risk reduction strategies, public health education efforts to increase understanding of basic harm reduction principles are needed to address these misperceptions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kiviniemi,M.T., Kozlowski,L.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150702 PMCID PMC4487951 Editors
Defense of Ovid: annotations on Metamorphoses IV 119-123)	2004	Moog, F.P., Institut fÃ¼r Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin - UniversitÃ¤t zu KÃ¶ln.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full WÃ¼rzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen / im Auftrage der WÃ¼rzburger medizinhistorischen Gesellschaft und in Verbindung mit dem Institut fÃ¼r Geschichte der Medizin der UniversitÃ¤t WÃ¼rzburg Periodical, Abbrev. Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue Start Page 7 Other Pages 18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0177-5227 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The description of Pyramus' suicide in the Metamorphoses has been commented on by many scholars. There has been particular criticism of the comparison between the unfortunate lover's wound, squirting out blood, and a burst water-main. This has been supposed to show yet again how Ovid, in spite of his undoubtedly great talent, is capable of ruining a story by exaggeration. Nevertheless, a medical look at his wording leads to quite a different judgement. In his simile of the burst water-main Ovid obviously had in mind the haemorrhage from a damaged femoral artery, which can shoot blood to a considerable distance, sometimes over several yards. Only in this way can the fruits of the mulberry tree, hanging high over the wounded Pyramus, be moistened with blood and painted dark. This is, after all, the metamorphosis which justifies the inclusion of the story in the whole corpus. As it is possible for a person fatally wounded in this way to survive for some hours, the poet has to guarantee that Pyramus dies within minutes of turning his sword against himself. Only so can Thisbe, returning quickly, confess her love for Pyramus in such a heartfelt way and follow him at once. The haemorrhage from a femoral artery my indeed kill a person within a few minutes. Therefore Ovid's description is neither gruesome nor tasteless but simply natural and dramatically conclusive. The comparison with the water-main is one which would easily have occurred to the poet. From Ovid' point of view and that of his contemporaries, who had no knowledge of the circulation of the blood, no better comparison can be imagined than that between the blood vessels of the human body and urban water-pipes, a technical achievement of which the Romans were particularly proud. Descriptors article, bleeding, circulation, femoral artery, history, human, injury, Italy, literature Links Book Title Eine lanze fÃ¼r Ovid - Anmerkungen zu 'Metamorphosen' IV 119-124. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moog,F. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Decreased respiratory symptoms in cannabis users who vaporize	2007	Earleywine, M., Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Harm Reduction Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Harm Reduct.J. Pub Date Free Form 2007/04 Volume 4 Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1477-7517 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Cannabis smoking can create respiratory problems. Vaporizers heat cannabis to release active cannabinoids, but remain cool enough to avoid the smoke and toxins associated with combustion. Vaporized cannabis should create fewer respiratory symptoms than smoked cannabis. We examined self-reported respiratory symptoms in participants who ranged in cigarette and cannabis use. Data from a large Internet sample revealed that the use of a vaporizer predicted fewer respiratory symptoms even when age, sex, cigarette smoking, and amount of cannabis used were taken into account. Age, sex, cigarettes, and amount of cannabis also had significant effects. The number of cigarettes smoked and amount of cannabis used interacted to create worse respiratory problems. A significant interaction revealed that the impact of a vaporizer was larger as the amount of cannabis used increased. These data suggest that the safety of cannabis can increase with the use of a vaporizer. Regular users of joints, blunts, pipes, and water pipes might decrease respiratory symptoms by switching to a vaporizer. Â© 2007 Earleywine and Barnwell; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Descriptors cannabis, adult, age distribution, aged, article, cannabis smoking, chi square test, smoking, controlled study, drug delivery system, drug safety, female, human, Internet, logistic regression analysis, major clinical study, male, prediction, respiratory tract disease, self report, sex ratio, vaporizer Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Earleywine,M., Barnwell,S. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Decreased Ebola Transmission after Rapid Response to Outbreaks in Remote Areas, Liberia, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Emerging infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Emerg.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 21 Issue 10 Start Page 1800 Other Pages 1807 Notes LR: 20151006; JID: 9508155; OID: NLM: PMC4593457; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1080-6059; 1080-6040 Accession Number PMID: 26402477 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.3201/eid2110.150912 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26402477 Abstract We measured the reproduction number before and after interventions were implemented to reduce Ebola transmission in 9 outbreaks in Liberia during 2014. We evaluated risk factors for secondary cases and the association between patient admission to an Ebola treatment unit (ETU) and survival. The reproduction number declined 94% from 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.6) to 0.1 (95% CI 0.02-0.6) after interventions began. The risk for secondary infections was 90% lower for patients admitted to an ETU (risk ratio 0.1, 95% CI 0.04-0.3) than for those who died in the community. The case-fatality rate was 68% (95% CI 60-74), and ETU admission was associated with a 50% reduction in death (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Isolation and treatment of Ebola patients had the dual benefit of interrupting community transmission and improving survival. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lindblade,K.A., Kateh,F., Nagbe,T.K., Neatherlin,J.C., Pillai,S.K., Attfield,K.R., Dweh,E., Barradas,D.T., Williams,S.G., Blackley,D.J., Kirking,H.L., Patel,M.R., Dea,M., Massoudi,M.S., Wannemuehler,K., Barskey,A.E., Zarecki,S.L., Fomba,M., Grube,S., Belcher,L., Broyles,L.N., Maxwell,T.N., Hagan,J.E., Yeoman,K., Westercamp,M., Forrester,J., Mott,J., Mahoney,F., Slutsker,L., DeCock,K.M., Nyenswah,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4593457 Editors
DECOY: Documenting Experiences with Cigarettes and Other Tobacco in Young Adults	2016	Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. cjberg@emory.edu.; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atla	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 40 Issue 3 Start Page 310 Other Pages 321 Notes LR: 20160612; GR: R01 CA179422/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS792145; OID: NLM: NIHMS792145; OID: NLM: PMC4903022; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 27103410 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.40.3.3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27103410 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We examined psychographic characteristics associated with tobacco use among Project DECOY participants. METHODS: Project DECOY is a 2-year longitudinal mixed-methods study examining risk for tobacco use among 3418 young adults across 7 Georgia colleges/universities. Baseline measures included sociodemographics, tobacco use, and psychographics using the Values, Attitudes, and Lifestyle Scale. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify correlates of tobacco use. RESULTS: Past 30-day use prevalence was: 13.3% cigarettes; 11.3% little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs); 3.6% smokeless tobacco; 10.9% e-cigarettes; and 12.2% hookah. Controlling for sociodemographics, correlates of cigarette use included greater novelty seeking (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Berg,C.J., Haardorfer,R., Lewis,M., Getachew,B., Lloyd,S.A., Thomas,S.F., Lanier,A., Trepanier,K., Johnston,T., Grimsley,L., Foster,B., Benson,S., Smith,A., Barr,D.B., Windle,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4903022 Editors
Decompression sickness in breath-hold diving, and its probable connection to the growth and dissolution of small arterial gas emboli	2015	Department of Chemistry, the Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and the Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: sgoldman@uoguelph.ca.; Department of Chemistry, the Gue	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mathematical biosciences Periodical, Abbrev. Math.Biosci. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 262 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 9 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0103146; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/28 [received]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/01/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-3134; 0025-5564 Accession Number PMID: 25598211 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.01.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25598211 Abstract We solved the Laplace equation for the radius of an arterial gas embolism (AGE), during and after breath-hold diving. We used a simple three-region diffusion model for the AGE, and applied our results to two types of breath-hold dives: single, very deep competitive-level dives and repetitive shallower breath-hold dives similar to those carried out by indigenous commercial pearl divers in the South Pacific. Because of the effect of surface tension, AGEs tend to dissolve in arterial blood when arteries remote from supersaturated tissue. However if, before fully dissolving, they reach the capillary beds that perfuse the brain and the inner ear, they may become inflated with inert gas that is transferred into them from these contiguous temporarily supersaturated tissues. By using simple kinetic models of cerebral and inner ear tissue, the nitrogen tissue partial pressures during and after the dive(s) were determined. These were used to theoretically calculate AGE growth and dissolution curves for AGEs lodged in capillaries of the brain and inner ear. From these curves it was found that both cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness are expected to occur occasionally in single competitive-level dives. It was also determined from these curves that for the commercial repetitive dives considered, the duration of the surface interval (the time interval separating individual repetitive dives from one another) was a key determinant, as to whether inner ear and/or cerebral decompression sickness arose. Our predictions both for single competitive-level and repetitive commercial breath-hold diving were consistent with what is known about the incidence of cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness in these forms of diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Goldman,S., Solano-Altamirano,J.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150115 PMCID Editors
Decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism in sports scuba divers	1989	Department of Anaesthesia, University of Adelaide, Australia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Periodical, Abbrev. Sports Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 8 Issue 1 Start Page 32 Other Pages 42 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 8412297; RF: 57; OID: NASA: 89388040; ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0112-1642; 0112-1642 Accession Number PMID: 2675253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 2675253 Abstract Diving underwater with breathing apparatus is an increasingly popular sport. Consequently, the number of diving-related accidents, including both decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism, have increased. Though both involve bubbles, decompression sickness is a disease which involves gas bubbles forming in tissues and venous blood, while arterial gas embolism results from the introduction of gas bubbles directly into the arterial circulation. Although the pathologies and natural histories of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism are different, the treatment of these conditions is essentially the same. Compression in a recompression chamber is the definitive treatment of both decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism, and any delay before treatment must be minimised if a good outcome is desired. Descriptors Arteries, Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving, Embolism, Air/etiology, Humans Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gorman,D. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of (15)N-labeled leaf, root, and twig litter in temperate coniferous forests	2013	Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA, tiff.vanhuysen@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Oecologia Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 173 Issue 4 Start Page 1563 Other Pages 1573 Notes JID: 0150372; 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2012/07/02 [received]; 2013/06/06 [accepted]; 2013/07/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1939; 0029-8549 Accession Number PMID: 23884664 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s00442-013-2706-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884664 Abstract Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using (15)N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum, Picea sitchensis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mass loss for leaf litter was similar between the two sites, while root and twig litter exhibited greater mass loss in the Coast Range. Mass loss was greatest from leaves and roots, and species differences in mass loss were more prominent in the Coast Range. All litter types and species mineralized N early in the decomposition process; only A. macrophyllum leaves exhibited a net N immobilization phase. There were no site differences with respect to litter N dynamics despite differences in site N availability, and litter N mineralization patterns were species-specific. For multiple litter x species combinations, the difference between gross and net N mineralization was significant, and gross mineralization was 7-20 % greater than net mineralization. The mineralization results suggest that initial litter chemistry may be an important driver of litter N dynamics. Our study demonstrates that greater amounts of N are cycling through these systems than may be quantified by only measuring net mineralization and challenges current leaf-based biogeochemical theory regarding patterns of N immobilization and mineralization. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Huysen,T.L., Harmon,M.E., Perakis,S.S., Chen,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130725 PMCID Editors
Deaths in swine by a lightning strike in the sty	1991	Appel, G., TierÃ¤rztlichen Ambulanz Schwarzenbek, Fachbereich VeterinÃ¤rmedizin der Freien UniversitÃ¤t Berlin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full DTW.Deutsche tierÃ¤rztliche Wochenschrift Periodical, Abbrev. DTW.Dtsch.Tierarztl.Wochenschr. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 98 Issue 5 Start Page 187 Other Pages 190 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0341-6593 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract It is reported on deaths of pigs due to lightning stroke in the barn. During a severe thunder storm 11 clinically healthy pigs with an average weight of approx. 22 kg died simultaneously and suddenly in the barn. The animals were kept on a floor of metal slats. The pens were separated by metal bars. A water pipe leading into the barn from outside had contact to the bars. Two pigs were submitted for an examination approx. three hours post mortem. The macroscopic and microscopic necropsy findings are described. Descriptors metal, animal, animal disease, animal housing, article, electric injury, injury, male, mortality, pathology, sudden death, pig Links Book Title TodesfÃ¤lle bei Schweinen durch Blitzschlag im Stall. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Appel,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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