WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
The indigenous Sea Gypsy divers of Thailand's west coast: measurement of carbon monoxide in the breathing air	1999	International Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Occup.Environ.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 14 Issue 7 Start Page 488 Other Pages 495 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9103256; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 1047-322X; 1047-322X Accession Number PMID: 10461405 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10461405 Abstract Approximately 400 indigenous divers live and work on Thailand's west coast. They dive with surface supplied air from primitive compressor units mounted on open boats which measure from seven to 11 meters in length. It was suspected that carbon monoxide was present in the breathing air of at least the gasoline-driven compressor units. To determine the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the breathing air, compressed air from the compressor was pumped through the diver air supply hose through a plenum (monitoring) chamber established on the boat. After a compressor warm-up of 15 minutes, the diving air was measured with the boat at eight different bearings to the wind, each 45 degrees apart at intervals of five minutes. Three of the four gasoline-driven compressor units tested showed presence of carbon monoxide in the breathing air. One diesel-driven unit showed a very low concentration of carbon monoxide (3-4 ppm) and six diesel-driven units showed no detectable carbon monoxide. Although not tested, diesel exhaust emissions could also enter the breathing air by the same route. A locally made modification to the compressor air intake was designed and successfully tested on one gasoline-driven compressor unit. An information sheet on the hazards of carbon monoxide as well as on the modification has been developed for distribution among the villages. Descriptors Air/analysis, Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Diving, Equipment Safety, Humans, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control, Thailand Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gold,D., Geater,A., Aiyarak,S., Juengpraert,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study	1999	Research Institute of Military Medicine, Naval Department, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 61 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 10372424 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10372424 Abstract Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study. Undersea Hyper Med 1999.; 26(2):61-65.--Diving incidents with symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas emboli (AGE) might increase the degree of pathologic change in the electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the supraspinal central nervous system (CNS). Diving itself, even without known symptoms of DCS and/or AGE, has been proposed to increase the number of CNS lesions using either EEG or MRI. In the first part of a two-part study we examined the effects of recompression treatment on EEG in decompression incidents in a group of sport and professional divers compared with a control group of healthy naval divers. In the second part we recorded brain MRI from three groups of volunteers: 1) divers who were treated for DCS in pressure chamber, 2) divers who had never had symptoms of DCS (and/or AGE), and 3) healthy normal controls who were not divers. Our results indicate that DCS increases the incidence of pathologic EEG recordings, whereas recompression treatment decreases them. The results of MRI do not verify evidence of increased numbers of CNS lesions in normal divers as compared to non-diving, healthy control subjects, whereas some of the divers treated for DCS in a pressure chamber had hyperintense lesions in brain white matter. None of them had any abnormalities in EEG, neurologic performance, or psychologic behavior. Both EEG and MRI are sensitive and non-specific methods for judging suspected evidence of brain lesions from diving or diving accidents. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology/therapy, Diving/physiology, Electroencephalography, Embolism, Air/physiopathology, High Pressure Neurological Syndrome/physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sipinen,S. A., Ahovuo,J., Halonen,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudi females: relation to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation	1999	Department of Medicine (MBC-46), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Calcified tissue international Periodical, Abbrev. Calcif.Tissue Int. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 65 Issue 1 Start Page 23 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7905481; 0 (Parathyroid Hormone); 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); OID: PIP: 144813; OID: POP: 00289772; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0171-967X; 0171-967X Accession Number PMID: 10369729 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; J DOI CT152-98 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10369729 Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, as well as relevant clinical and biochemical parameters, were determined in 321 healthy Saudi females in order to establish reference values and to study the effects of physical and lifestyle factors on BMD. Mean +/- SD of age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were 35.4 +/- 11.3 years, 26.5 +/- 5.2 kg/m2, 3.1 +/- 3.1, and 23.7 +/- 42.4 months, respectively. Mean +/- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +/- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +/- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with USA females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine (-0.126 +/- 1. 078, P = 0.04), femoral neck (-0.234 +/- 0.846, P /=31 years old were 18-41% and 0-7%, respectively, depending on the site examined. Severe hypovitaminosis D (25OHD level </=20 nmol/liter) was present in 52% of the subjects. However, there was no correlation between 25OHD level and BMD at any site. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated significantly with 25OHD levels (r = -0.28, P < 0.0001) and with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.005), femoral neck (r = -0.16, P = 0.007), and Ward's triangle (r = -0.2, P = 0.0008), suggesting that the distribution of 25OHD levels in the cohort is below the threshold needed for maintaining normal BMD. On the other hand, number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.003; r = -0.1, P = 0.08, respectively). We conclude that BMD in healthy Saudi females is significantly lower than in their USA counterparts. This may be due in part to increased number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00223/bibs /65n1p23. html; PIP: This paper examines the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur and vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation among women in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study are the following: 1) establish normative data for BMD at the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry; 2) compare the BMD of Saudi females and their US counterparts; and 3) examine the relation of BMD to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation. Samples included 321 healthy Saudi females recruited from the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that the mean standard deviation (SD) of age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were, respectively, 35.4 +or- 11.3 years, 26.5 +or- 5.2 kg/sq. m, 3.1 +or- 3.1, and 23.7 +or- 42.4 months. Mean +or- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +or- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +or- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +or- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with US females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle. On the other hand, the number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine. This made the BMD in healthy Saudi females significantly lower than their US counterparts. This may due to the increase number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bone Density, Calcium/blood, Child, Female, Femur Neck/metabolism/radiography, Humans, Lactation/physiology, Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism/radiography, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone/blood, Pregnancy/physiology, Reference Values, Saudi Arabia, United States, Vitamin D/blood, Arab Countries, Asia, Biology, Clinical Research, Deficiency Diseases--women, Developing Countries, Diseases, Lactation, Maternal Physiology, Micronutrients, Nutrition Disorders, Osteoporosis--women, Physiology, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Research Methodology, Research Report, Skeletal Effects--women, Vitamins, Western Asia, Women Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ghannam,N. N., Hammami,M. M., Bakheet,S. M., Khan,B. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cold tap water as a source of fatal nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila in a rehabilitation center	1999	Gemeenschappelijke Gezondheidsdienst Oostelijk Zuid-Limburg, Heerlen. choebe@knmg.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 143 Issue 20 Start Page 1041 Other Pages 1045 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0400770; ppublish Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0028-2162; 0028-2162 Accession Number PMID: 10368731 Language dut SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10368731 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Report of the technical, microbiological and epidemiological investigation following 2 cases of fatal Legionella pneumonia. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: Faced with 2 nosocomial cases in a rehabilitation centre in the South of Limburg, the Netherlands, the water supply was investigated. Water temperatures from different taps were measured. Legionella cultures were made from respiratory patients' specimens, water samples and smears from all mixing taps (used in showers), samples from hot and cold water taps from the infected ward and from the five other wards. The strains were typed by serotyping and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The circulating cold water sometimes warmed up to 40 degrees C (within the Legionella growth range). From the sputum of the 2 male patients with rheumatoid arthritis who died of Legionella pneumonia the same Legionella pneumophila (serotype I) was cultured as from the water supply. Of the showers on the contaminated ward 19% (12/63) were positive for Legionella as were 59% (35/59) of the cold water taps. Cultures from the hot water supply were negative just like control cultures from five other wards and swabs from showerheads and hoses. The cold water tubes ran next to the hot water tubes and the central heating system in the same shaft. On the infected ward patients were absent during the weekends. As one of the subsequent measures, the cold water pipes were relocated to another shaft. CONCLUSION: The combination of an elevated cold water temperature caused by heating along a distance by nearby hot water and heating piping and the regular stasis of water during the weekends when the ward was closed, most probably stimulated the multiplication of Legionella in the water supply. In order to minimize contamination of cold water its temperature must be kept below 20 degrees C. Surveillance of intramural water systems is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections. Descriptors Cold Temperature, Cross Infection/microbiology/prevention & control, Disease Reservoirs, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Legionella pneumophila/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/complications/microbiology/prevention & control, Male, Netherlands, Pneumonia/microbiology/prevention & control, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rehabilitation Centers, Serotyping, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoebe,C. J., Cluitmans,J. J., Wagenvoort,J. H., van Leeuwen,W. J., Bilkert-Mooiman,M. A. Original/Translated Title Koud leidingwater als bron van fatale nosocomiale pneumonieen door Legionella pneumophila in een revalidatiekliniek URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study	1999	Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jun Volume 149 Issue 11 Start Page 1030 Other Pages 1037 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HL14136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL56177/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7910653; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9262; 0002-9262 Accession Number PMID: 10355379 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10355379 Abstract Compelling evidence suggests a causal relation between exposure to parental cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms during childhood. Still, the roles of prenatal versus postnatal parental smoking need clarification. In this study, the authors assessed the effects of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms in a cohort of over 1,000 children born during 1980-1984. The children were enrolled in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study in Tucson, Arizona, and were followed from birth to age 11 years. The population was generally middle class and consisted of two main ethnic groups, non-Hispanic Whites (75%) and Hispanics (20%), reflecting Tucson's population. Information on parental smoking and on wheeze and cough in their children was elicited from parents by using questionnaires at five different surveys. Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and by using the generalized estimation equation approach, a longitudinal mixed-effects model. The best-fitting model indicated that maternal prenatal but not postnatal smoking was associated with current wheeze (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.8) independently of a family history of asthma, socioeconomic factors, and birth weight. This effect was time dependent and significant only below age 3 years; although independent of gender, the association was stronger for girls (odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6-8.0). Cough was not associated with parental smoking during the first decade of life. This transitory effect of maternal prenatal smoking on wheezing could be due to changes that affect the early stages of lung development. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Arizona, Child, Child Development/drug effects, Child, Preschool, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Odds Ratio, Parents, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiration Disorders/etiology, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stein,R. T., Holberg,C. J., Sherrill,D., Wright,A. L., Morgan,W. J., Taussig,L., Martinez,F. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An assessment of nicotine dependence among pregnant adolescents	1999	University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, PA 15261, USA. saa01+@pitt.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of substance abuse treatment Periodical, Abbrev. J.Subst.Abuse Treat. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 337 Other Pages 344 Notes LR: 20141120; GR: NR03233/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8500909; K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OID: PIP: 147107; OID: POP: 00291059; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0740-5472; 0740-5472 Accession Number PMID: 10349607 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM; J DOI S0740547298000749 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10349607 Abstract Studies have reported that between 28 and 62% of pregnant teenagers smoke (Cornelius, Taylor, Geva, & Day, 1995; Trollestrup, Frost, & Starzyk, 1992). Because smoking is prevalent among pregnant teenagers, the purpose of this research is to assess nicotine dependence in this high-risk group. This study analyzed baseline data from a sample of pregnant teen smokers who had volunteered to participate in a smoking cessation study (N = 94). Nicotine dependence was measured by adapting the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ; Prokhorov, Pallonen, Fava, Ding, & Niaura, 1996), and by a 6-item withdrawal symptom scale. The overall FTQ score found among pregnant adolescents was 3.10 (SD = 2.3) compared to the mean overall FTQ score among vocational-technical students of 4.27 (SD = 2.2) (Prokhorov et al., 1996). Duration of smoking in years was significantly correlated with the overall FTQ score (r = 0.43, p < .01). Quantity of smoking, as measured by average number of cigarettes smoked, significantly correlated with overall FTQ scores (r = 0.67, p < .01). Lighter smokers were more likely to have previously attempted to quit, however, among the quit attempters, those who smoked 10+ cigarettes per day reported greater severity of withdrawal symptoms than those who smoked less per day. Prenatal education and smoking cessation programs for pregnant teenagers, and pregnant women in general, need to consider that nicotine dependence is an important issue. Early pregnancy may be an opportune time to intervene among pregnant smokers; incentives may be necessary to attract those women who are the heaviest smokers, and possibly the most dependent on nicotine.; PIP: This study assessed nicotine dependence among pregnant adolescent smokers in order to enhance the efficacy of smoking-cessation programs. This study analyzed baseline data from a sample of 94 pregnant teen smokers who had volunteered to participate in a smoking cessation study. Nicotine dependence was measured by adapting Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), and by a 6-item withdrawal symptom scale. The overall FTQ score found among pregnant adolescents was 3.10 (SD = 2.3) compared to the mean overall FTQ score among vocational-technical students of 4.27 (SD = 2.2). Duration of smoking in years was significantly correlated with the overall FTQ score. Quantity of smoking, as measured by average number of cigarettes smoked, significantly correlated with overall FTQ scores. Lighter smokers were more likely to have previously attempted to quit. However, among the attempters to quit, those who smoked 10+ cigarettes per day reported greater severity of withdrawal symptoms than those who smoked fewer per day. Prenatal education and smoking cessation programs for pregnant teenagers, and pregnant women in general, need to consider that nicotine dependence is an important issue. Early pregnancy may be an opportune time to intervene among pregnant smokers; incentives may be necessary to attract those women who are heaviest smokers, and possibly the most dependent on nicotine. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, African Americans/statistics & numerical data, Cotinine/analysis, Data Interpretation, Statistical, European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence/ethnology/psychology, Psychological Tests, Psychology, Adolescent, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/psychology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, United States, Adolescent Pregnancy, Adolescents, Adolescents, Female, Age Factors, Americas, Behavior, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Fertility, North America, Northern America, Pennsylvania, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Pregnant Women, Reproductive Behavior, Research Methodology, Research Report, Sampling Studies, Smoking--women, Social Problems, Studies, Substance Addiction--women, Women, Youth Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Albrecht,S. A., Cornelius,M. D., Braxter,B., Reynolds,M. D., Stone,C., Cassidy,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Reduced bone mineral density after surgical treatment for obesity	1999	Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Obes.Relat.Metab.Disord. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 23 Issue 4 Start Page 361 Other Pages 365 Notes LR: 20140603; JID: 9313169; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN Accession Number PMID: 10340813 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10340813 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether osteoporosis occurs after surgical treatment for obesity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of five groups of subjects who had undergone surgical treatment for obesity: five pre-menopausal women; 13 post-menopausal women; seven post-menopausal women taking oestrogen replacement (HRT); five men; and six women who had undergone surgical reversal (mean time 7 y). SUBJECTS: Thirty-six Caucasian subjects who had undergone jejunoileal or pancreaticobiliary bypass surgery at St George's Hospital between 1971 and 1992. Their mean age was 50.8 y (range 32-69 y) and the median time since the operation was 14.8y (range 4-23 y). MEASUREMENTS: A clinical questionnaire was used to exclude possible factors, which might influence bone mineral density. A single blood sample was collected for measurement of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, magnesium, zinc, creatinine, thyroxine, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, sex steroids, gonadotrophins and IGF-1 and 24 h urine calcium excretion was measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lumbar (L2-L4) spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS: There was no difference in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D), magnesium or zinc concentrations between the five groups. The LS-BMD T score was lower (P - 1.0. There was no difference in the FN-BMD between the five groups. The presence of low BMD was not related to age, duration of bypass, or degree of postoperative weight loss. Iliac crest bone biopsies in three subjects with low BMD, confirmed the presence of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced bone mineral density is a complication of jejunoileal bypass surgery. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Anastomosis, Surgical, Bile Ducts/surgery, Bone Density, Female, Femur, Humans, Jejunoileal Bypass, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/surgery, Osteoporosis/etiology, Pancreas/surgery, Postmenopause, Postoperative Complications Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bano,G., Rodin,D. A., Pazianas,M., Nussey,S. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking habits of primary health care physicians in Bahrain	1999	Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health Periodical, Abbrev. J.R.Soc.Promot.Health. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 119 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 39 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101499616; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 1466-4240; 1466-4240 Accession Number PMID: 10327813 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10327813 Abstract A survey of the smoking habits of all primary health care physicians in Bahrain was carried out to determine their smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking. Sixty-four male doctors and fifty-eight female doctors returned a voluntary self-completed questionnaire resulting in an 80.8% response rate. Male physicians were older than their female counterparts and had a higher proportion of ever-smokers (45.3%), smokers (26.6%), ex-smokers (18.8%) and daily smokers (18.8%). Cigarette smoking was the predominant type of smoking. The ratio of daily smoking prevalence (doctors/general population) among Bahraini citizens was 0.83 for males, 0.45 for females and 0.65 for both sexes combined. Of the smokers, 80% have considered quitting and 83.3% of them had made a serious attempt to quit. All the never-smokers perceived themselves as non-smokers in the coming five years compared to 83.3% of the ever-smokers. Among the perceived reasons for not smoking, primary health care physicians gave the highest importance to protecting their own health and setting a good example to children. Never-smokers gave more importance than ever-smokers to all the reasons for not smoking except for the occurrence of certain symptoms. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Bahrain, Ethnic Groups, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician's Role, Physicians, Family, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamadeh,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A first step incorporating smoking education into a Brazilian medical school curriculum: results of a survey to assess the cigarette smoking knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and clinical practices of medical students	1999	Oncology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. adaudt@pro.via-rs.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of addictive diseases Periodical, Abbrev. J.Addict.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Volume 18 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 29 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9107051; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1055-0887; 1055-0887 Accession Number PMID: 10234560 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1300/J069v18n01_03 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10234560 Abstract Smoking-related illnesses are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Despite a smoking prevalence of approximately 40%, there is limited national effort to reduce tobacco use in Brazil by means of public education and training of health care professionals to promote smoking education. In particular, the need for information about tobacco warrants increased emphasis in undergraduate medical education. An educational program on nicotine addiction during medical school could facilitate the incorporation of smoking cessation interventions into routine medical practice. As a preliminary step toward implementing a tobacco education and intervention program, this study was designed to assess knowledge and attitudes about smoking among Brazilian medical students. Five hundred thirteen (N = 513) medical students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, completed a self-reported questionnaire during the 1995-1996 academic school year. Most students recognize the adverse health effects of smoking and the importance of their professional role in promoting smoking cessation. In contradiction, however, few medical students currently provide their patients who smoke with even minimal intervention. This discrepancy supports the idea that training in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation techniques will help medical students to develop the skills and confidence needed to successfully intervene with their current and future patients. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, Brazil, Cognition, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daudt,A. W., Alberg,A. J., Prola,J. C., Fialho,L., Petracco,A., Wilhelms,A., Weiss,A., Estery,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use among middle and high school students--Florida, 1998 and 1999	1999		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 2-Apr Volume 48 Issue 12 Start Page 248 Other Pages 253 Notes LR: 20080214; JID: 7802429; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0149-2195; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 10220252 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10220252 Abstract Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States, and an estimated $2 billion is spent annually in Florida to treat disease caused by smoking. Florida appropriated $23 million in fiscal year 1997 and $70 million in fiscal year 1998 to fund the Florida Pilot Program on Tobacco Control to prevent and reduce tobacco use among Florida youth. To determine the prevalence of cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco and snuff) use among Florida middle and high school students in public schools, the Florida Department of Health conducted the Florida Youth Tobacco Survey (FYTS) in February 1998 and February 1999. The purpose of these surveys was to establish baseline parameters and monitor the progress of the pilot program, which began in April 1998. This report summarizes advance data from the surveys, which indicate that, from 1998 to 1999, the percentage of Florida public middle and high school students who smoked cigarettes decreased significantly and that the percentage of middle school students who smoked cigars and used smokeless tobacco products decreased significantly. Descriptors Adolescent, Child, Data Collection, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Plants, Toxic, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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