WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Effects of a Web-based tailored intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in adults: randomized controlled trial	2013	CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. dn.schulz@maastrichtuniversity.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 17-Sep Volume 15 Issue 9 Start Page e206 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; ISRCTN/ISRCTN91623132; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3785997; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/06 [received]; 2013/07/01 [accepted]; 2013/05/30 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 24045005 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2568 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24045005 Abstract BACKGROUND: Web-based tailored interventions provide users with information that is adapted to their individual characteristics and needs. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of tailored alcohol self-help programs among adults are scarce. Furthermore, it is a challenge to develop programs that can hold respondents' attention in online interventions. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a 3-session, Web-based tailored intervention is effective in reducing alcohol intake in high-risk adult drinkers and to compare 2 computer-tailoring feedback strategies (alternating vs summative) on behavioral change, dropout, and appreciation of the program. METHODS: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with an experimental group and a control group (N=448) in Germany in 2010-2011. Follow-up took place after 6 months. Drinking behavior, health status, motivational determinants, and demographics were assessed among participants recruited via an online access panel. The experimental group was divided into 2 subgroups. In the alternating condition (n=132), the tailored feedback was split into a series of messages discussing individual topics offered while the respondent was filling out the program. Participants in the summative condition (n=181) received all advice at once after having answered all questions. The actual texts were identical for both conditions. The control group (n=135) only filled in 3 questionnaires. To identify intervention effects, logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted among complete cases (n=197) and after using multiple imputation. RESULTS: Among the complete cases (response rate: 197/448, 44.0%) who did not comply with the German national guideline for low-risk drinking at baseline, 21.1% of respondents in the experimental group complied after 6 months compared with 5.8% in the control group (effect size=0.42; OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.14-6.16, P=.02). The experimental group decreased by 3.9 drinks per week compared to 0.4 drinks per week in the control group, but this did not reach statistical significance (effect size=0.26; beta=-0.12, 95% CI -7.96 to 0.03, P=.05). Intention-to-treat analyses also indicated no statistically significant effect. Separate analyses of the 2 experimental subgroups showed no differences in intervention effects. The dropout rate during the first visit to the intervention website was significantly lower in the alternating condition than in the summative condition (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.60, P=.003). Program appreciation was comparable for the 2 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Complete case analyses revealed that Web-based tailored feedback can be an effective way to reduce alcohol intake among adults. However, this effect was not confirmed when applying multiple imputations. There was no indication that one of the tailoring strategies was more effective in lowering alcohol intake. Nevertheless, the lower attrition rates we found during the first visit suggest that the version of the intervention with alternating questions and advice may be preferred. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 91623132; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN91623132 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6J4QdhXeG). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schulz,D.N., Candel,M.J., Kremers,S.P., Reinwand,D.A., Jander,A., de Vries,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130917 PMCID PMC3785997 Editors
The use of individual tree statistics to quantify effects in an 'acid mist' experiment with mature trees	1995	Cape, J.N., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 85 Issue 3 Start Page 1367 Other Pages 1372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature trees of a single clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) growing in the field were exposed to simulated acid mist at pH 2.5 over three successive years. The growth of each tree in the acid mist treatment, in terms of the stem area increment, was related to the pattern of growth of the untreated trees at the site during 1991 and 1992. In 1993, the effects of stopping the acid mist treatment on half of the treated trees was investigated by comparing the actual growth against that predicted relative to the untreated trees on the basis of the previous years' data. The prediction of growth from one year to the next was consistently too small for the smallest acid-misted trees, suggesting that the growth rates relative to the untreated trees were increasing with time. Relative to the trees which continued to receive acid mist, however, the smaller trees which received no further acid mist in 1993 grew les than predicted, but there was a significantly greater growth than predicted for the largest 'recovering' trees. Results from the individual tree modelling approach showed that a 10% change in relative stem area increment would be detectable at the 5% level, using a block of 4 trees as a treatment unit. The statistical techniques used are alternatives to conventional ANOVA calculations in determining statistically significant treatment effects where numbers of replicates are small. Descriptors acid rain, acidification, conference paper, nonhuman, plant growth, simulation, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Sheppard,L. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Long-term exposure of Sitka spruce seedlings to trichloroacetic acid	2003	Cape, J.N., Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 OQB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2003/07 Volume 37 Issue 13 Start Page 2953 Other Pages 2957 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been implicated as an airborne pollutant responsible for adverse effects on forest health. There is considerable debate as to whether TCA observed in trees and forest soils is derived from atmospheric deposition or from in situ production. This experiment reports the results from treating 4-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) plants in a greenhouse over a growing season with TCA supplied either to the soil or to the foliage at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng mL-1. Similar uptake of TCA by needles was observed for both modes of treatment, with significant accumulation of TCA (300 ng g-1 dry wt) at the higher concentration. Larger concentrations in stem tissue were seen for the foliar-applied TCA (280 ng g-1) than for the soil-applied TCA (70 ng g-1), suggesting that direct stem uptake may be important. Six months after treatments stopped, TCA concentrations in the needles of plants exposed to 100 ng mL-1 TCA were still enhanced, showing that biological degradation of TCA in needles was slow over the winter. By contrast, no significant enhancement of TCA in soil could be detected in the directly treated soils even during the experiment. The protein content of needles treated with the higher concentration of TCA by either route was significantly smaller than for the controls, but there was no effect of TCA on the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in roots nor on the conjugation of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene in needles. Descriptors 1 chloro 2,4 dinitrobenzene, 1,2 dichloro 4 nitrobenzene, trichloroacetic acid, air pollutant, air pollution, article, atmospheric deposition, biodegradation, concentration (parameters), conjugation, controlled study, foliage, forest, forest soil, greenhouse, long term exposure, nonhuman, plant growth, plant root, plant stem, pollution transport, protein content, seedling, sitka spruce, winter Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Reeves,N. M., SchrÃ¶der,P., Heal,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in Great Britain: Findings from a general population survey of smokers	2014	Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies. Electronic address: jamie.brown@ucl.ac.uk.; Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, UK;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 1120 Other Pages 1125 Notes LR: 20150708; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 14135/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24679611 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24679611 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes may be effective smoking cessation aids and their use by smokers has been growing rapidly. It is important to observe and assess natural patterns in the use of e-cigarettes whilst experimental data accumulates. This paper reports the prevalence of e-cigarette awareness, beliefs and usage, including brand choice, and characterises the socio-demographic and smoking profile associated with current use, among the general population of smokers and recent ex-smokers. METHODS: Data were obtained from 3538 current and 579 recent ex-smokers in a cross-sectional online survey of a national sample of smokers in Great Britain in November and December 2012. Differences between current and recent ex-smokers in the prevalence of e-cigarette awareness, beliefs and usage were examined and the socio-demographic and smoking profile associated with current use of e-cigarettes was assessed in a series of simple and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of current and recent ex-smokers (n=3841) were aware of e-cigarettes. Approximately a fifth (n=884) were currently using e-cigarettes, whilst just over a third (n=1507) had ever used them. Sixty-seven percent of the sample (n=2758) believed e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes; however, almost a quarter (n=994) remained unsure. Among both current and recent ex-smokers, the most popular reasons for using were health, cutting down and quitting (each >80%) and 38% used the brand 'E-lites'. Among current smokers who were aware of but had never used e-cigarettes, approximately half (n=1040) were interested in using them in the future. Among current smokers, their use was associated with higher socio-economic status (OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.25-1.75), smoking more cigarettes (OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.03) and having a past-year quit attempt (OR=2.82, 95%CI=2.38-3.34). CONCLUSIONS: There is a near universal awareness of e-cigarettes and their use appears to be common among smokers in Great Britain although a quarter of all smokers are unsure as to whether e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes. E-lites - a brand that delivers a low dose of nicotine - is the most popular. E-cigarette users appear to have higher socio-economic status, to smoke more cigarettes per day and to have attempted to quit in the past year. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Data Source Authors Brown,J., West,R., Beard,E., Michie,S., Shahab,L., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140312 PMCID PMC4003532 Editors
Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study	2014	Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 109 Issue 9 Start Page 1531 Other Pages 1540 Notes LR: 20151215; CI: (c) 2014; GR: 14135/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 9304118; OID: NLM: PMC4171752; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/27 [received]; 2014/04/08 [revised]; 2014/05/12 [accepted]; ppublis Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 24846453 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/add.12623 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24846453 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly increasing in popularity. Two randomized controlled trials have suggested that e-cigarettes can aid smoking cessation, but there are many factors that could influence their real-world effectiveness. This study aimed to assess, using an established methodology, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) bought over-the-counter and with unaided quitting in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: A large cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the English population. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 5863 adults who had smoked within the previous 12 months and made at least one quit attempt during that period with either an e-cigarette only (n = 464), NRT bought over-the-counter only (n = 1922) or no aid in their most recent quit attempt (n = 3477). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was self-reported abstinence up to the time of the survey, adjusted for key potential confounders including nicotine dependence. FINDINGS: E-cigarette users were more likely to report abstinence than either those who used NRT bought over-the-counter [odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70-2.93, 20.0 versus 10.1%] or no aid (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08-1.76, 20.0 versus 15.4%). The adjusted odds of non-smoking in users of e-cigarettes were 1.63 (95% CI = 1.17-2.27) times higher compared with users of NRT bought over-the-counter and 1.61 (95% CI = 1.19-2.18) times higher compared with those using no aid. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation. This difference persists after adjusting for a range of smoker characteristics such as nicotine dependence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Brown,J., Beard,E., Kotz,D., Michie,S., West,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4171752 Editors
A pilot study of StopAdvisor: a theory-based interactive internet-based smoking cessation intervention aimed across the social spectrum	2012	Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. jamie.brown@ucl.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 37 Issue 12 Start Page 1365 Other Pages 1370 Notes LR: 20141007; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: 14135/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: G0802035/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 7603486; 2012/03/20 [received]; 2012/05/29 [revised]; 2012/05/30 [accepted]; 2012/06/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 22795643 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22795643 Abstract BACKGROUND: This article reports a pilot study of a new smoking cessation website ('StopAdvisor'), which has been developed on the basis of PRIME theory, evidence, web-design expertise and user-testing. The aims were to i) evaluate whether cessation, website usage and satisfaction were sufficiently high to warrant a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and ii) assess whether outcomes were affected by socio-economic status. METHODS: This was an uncontrolled pilot study. Two hundred and four adult daily smokers willing to make a serious quit attempt were included. All participants received support from 'StopAdvisor', which recommends a structured quit plan and a variety of evidence-based behaviour change techniques for smoking cessation. A series of tunnelled sessions and a variety of interactive menus provide tailored support for up to a month before quitting through until one-month post-quit (http://www.lifeguideonline.org/player/play/stopadvisordemonstration). The primary outcome was self-report of at least 1month of continuous abstinence collected at 2months post-enrolment and verified by saliva cotinine or anabasine. Usage was indexed by log-ins and page views. Satisfaction was assessed by dichotomous ratings of helpfulness, personal relevance, likelihood of recommendation and future use, which were collected using an online questionnaire at 2months post-enrolment. Outcomes according to socio-economic status were assessed. RESULTS: At 8weeks post-enrolment, 19.6% (40/204) of participants were abstinent according to the primary outcome criteria (95% C.I.=14.1% to 25.1%). Participants viewed a mean of 133.5 pages (median=71.5) during 6.4 log-ins (median=3). A majority of respondents rated the website positively on each of the four satisfaction `ratings (range=66.7% to 75.3%). There was no evidence of an effect of socio-economic status on abstinence (OR=1.01, C.I.=0.50-2.07), usage (page-views, t(202)=0.11, p=.91; log-ins, t(202)=0.21, p=.83), or satisfaction (helpfulness, OR=1.09, C.I.=0.41-2.88; personal relevance, OR=0.55, C.I.=0.20-1.56; recommendation, OR=0.98, C.I.=0.34-2.81; use in future, OR=1.45, C.I.=0.49-4.27). CONCLUSIONS: The systematic application of theory, evidence, web-design expertise, and user-testing has resulted in a website that shows sufficiently promising efficacy and usability to warrant evaluation in a RCT. The website appears to be similarly effective and acceptable to users across the social spectrum. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Brown,J., Michie,S., Geraghty,A.W., Miller,S., Yardley,L., Gardner,B., Shahab,L., Stapleton,J.A., West,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120609 PMCID Editors
Reasons for quitting cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette use for cessation help	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Program.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Psychol.Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 29 Issue 1 Start Page 114 Other Pages 121 Notes LR: 20160415; CI: (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA120799/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA2079905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8802734; NIHMS676311; OID: NLM: NIHMS676311; OID: NLM: PMC4511704; 2014/09/01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1939-1501; 0893-164X Accession Number PMID: 25180551 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1037/adb0000025 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25180551 Abstract Despite the lack of clarity regarding their safety and efficacy as smoking cessation aids, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly used to quit smoking. Currently, little is understood about why smokers may use e-cigarettes for help with smoking cessation compared with other, proven cessation aids. This study aimed to determine the reasons for wanting to quit cigarettes that are associated with the use of e-cigarettes for cessation help versus the use of conventional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products (e.g., gums). Cross-sectional, self-report data were obtained from 1,988 multiethnic current daily smokers (M age = 45.1, SD = 13.0; 51.3% women) who had made an average of 8.5 (SD = 18.7) lifetime quit attempts but were not currently engaged in a cessation attempt. Reasons for wanting to quit smoking were assessed by using the Reasons for Quitting scale. Path analyses suggested that among reasons for quitting cigarettes, "immediate reinforcement"-a measure of wanting to quit cigarettes for extrinsic reasons such as bad smell, costliness and untidiness-was significantly associated with having tried e-cigarettes for cessation help, and "concerns about health" was associated with having tried NRT-only use. E-cigarettes appear to provide an alternative "smoking" experience to individuals who wish to quit cigarette smoking because of the immediate, undesirable consequences of tobacco smoking (e.g., smell, ash, litter) rather than concerns about health. Provided that the safety of e-cigarette use is ensured, e-cigarettes may be effectively used to reduce tobacco exposure among smokers who may not want to quit cigarettes for intrinsic motivation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher APA, all rights reserved) Data Source Authors Pokhrel,P., Herzog,T.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140901 PMCID PMC4511704 Editors
Comparisons of three nicotine dependence scales in a multiethnic sample of young adult menthol and non-menthol smokers	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. Electronic address: pfagan@cc.hawaii.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Can	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 203 Other Pages 211 Notes LR: 20160715; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K01 CA148789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25744873 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25744873 Abstract BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a multiethnic sample of young adult daily cigarette smokers. This study examines differences in nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol daily smokers and the associations of nicotine dependence with quitting behaviors among Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and White cigarette smokers aged 18-35. METHODS: Craigslist.org, newspaper advertisements, and peer-to-peer referrals were used to recruit daily smokers (n = 186) into a lab-based study. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the brief Wisconsin Inventory for Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine differences in nicotine dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers and the relationship between each nicotine dependence scale with self-efficacy to quit, quit attempt in the past 12 months, and number of attempts. RESULTS: Menthol smokers were more likely to report difficulty refraining from smoking in places where forbidden (p = .04) and had higher scores on social/environmental goads subscale of the WISDM (p = .0005). Two-way interaction models of the FTND and menthol status showed that menthol smokers with higher levels of dependence were more likely to have tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months (p = .02), but were less likely to have had multiple quit attempts (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Components of the FTND and WISDM distinguish levels of dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Higher FTND scores were associated with having a quit attempt, but fewer quit attempts among menthol smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Fagan,P., Pohkrel,P., Herzog,T., Pagano,I., Vallone,D., Trinidad,D.R., Sakuma,K.L., Sterling,K., Fryer,C.S., Moolchan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150214 PMCID PMC4865397 Editors
The effect of smoke-free homes on smoking behavior in the U.S	2008	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 210 Other Pages 216 Notes JID: 8704773; 2008/04/10 [received]; 2008/05/16 [revised]; 2008/05/19 [accepted]; 2008/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0749-3797; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 18620837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18620837 Abstract BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal population surveys is needed to establish whether smoke-free homes might influence smoking behavior. METHODS: The Tobacco Use Supplement of the nationally representative U.S. Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) interviewed 3292 adult recent smokers in 2002 and again 12 months later. Both surveys measured smoking status, rules on smoking in the home, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd). For the main study outcome, an early marker of successful cessation (>or=90 days quit) was used. Analysis was completed in 2008. RESULTS: In the 12 months ending February 2003, the prevalence of smoke-free homes among recent smokers increased from 33% to 39%. A smoke-free home at baseline was associated with >or=90 days cessation at follow-up (10.9% vs 6.2%, AOR=1.44; 95% CI=0.97, 2.21), and those who maintained a smoke-free home were more likely to be >or=90 days quit than those who did not (12.9% vs 5.7%, AOR=1.99; 95% CI=0.93, 4.25). However, adopting a smoke-free home during the year was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in the percentage of >or=90 days quit (AOR=4.81; 95% CI=3.06, 7.59). This increase was seen among all smokers, including moderate-to-heavy smokers (>or=90 days quit: a smoke-free home=13.0% vs no smoke-free home=2.9%, p<0.001). Among continuing smokers with a smoke-free home at baseline, maintenance of te smoke-free home was associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-2.18; 95 CI=or-1.24; -3.10 cpd). Among continuing smokers with no smoke-free home at baseline, adoption of that status was also associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-1.72; 95% CI=or-0.58; -2.85 cpd). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that the adoption of a smoke-free home is associated with successful quitting among smokers in the U.S. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Social Marketing, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Messer,K., Mills,A. L., White,M. M., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080711 PMCID Editors
The California Tobacco Control Program and potential harm reduction through reduced cigarette consumption in continuing smokers	2002	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 4 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S157 Other Pages 66 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12583355 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12583355 Abstract Harm reduction for continuing smokers has been suggested as a public health priority. We evaluated whether tobacco control programs might reduce cigarette consumption among current smokers through strategies aimed primarily at protecting nonsmokers from secondhand smoke (SHS). Data were from adult (18+ years) respondents to multiple (1990, 1992, 1996, 1999), large, cross-sectional, population-based surveys of smoking behavior, conducted to evaluate the California Tobacco Control Program. Adult daily smoking prevalence decreased from 15.9 +/-0.4%(+/-95% confidence interval) of the California adult population in 1990 to 13.0 +/-0.3% in 1999. Concurrently, moderate-to-heavy daily smoking (>or= 15 cigarettes/day) decreased from 10.3 +/-0.4% in 1990 to 7.4 +/-0.3% in 1999, and heavy daily smoking (>or= 25 cigarettes/day) from 3.4 +/- 0.2% in 1990 to 1.9 +/- 0.1% in 1999. Decreased daily smoking was observed in all demographic subgroups except young adults. Among college graduates, the daily smoking prevalence in 1999 was 6.4 +/- 0.4%, a level previously observed only among U.S. physicians. In 1999, nearly 30% of current smokers did not smoke daily, and more than 60% said they now smoked less than previously. In 1999, self-reported cigarette consumption was inversely related to believing SHS is harmful to nonsmokers, having a smoke-free workplace, and living in a smoke-free home. In California, tobacco control strategies that educated the population about SHS and resulted in smoking restrictions may have led continuing smokers to smoke less, which should reduce the harm from smoking to the public health in the long term. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior, Addictive, California/epidemiology, Female, Harm Reduction, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilpin,E. A., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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