WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis	2004	Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. ebruerdemir@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 99 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20061115; CI: Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004; JID: 0425123; 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 15016034 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15016034 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. RESULTS: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/physiopathology, Humans, Interleukin-6/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/physiopathology, Periodontitis/physiopathology/therapy, Root Planing, Smoking/physiopathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erdemir,E. O., Duran,I., Haliloglu,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Symptoms, acid exposure and motility in patients with Barrett's esophagus	2004	Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of surgery.Journal canadien de chirurgie Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20140609; JID: 0372715; OID: NLM: PMC3211802; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0008-428X; 0008-428X Accession Number PMID: 14997925 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14997925 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Barrett's esophagus, a syndrome in which the squamous mucosa that normally lines the distal esophagus is replaced with columnar epithelium, is found in a small percentage of patients presenting with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The columnar epithelium may be protective, guarding people afflicted with Barrett's esophagus from experiencing symptoms related to acid reflux. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether people with Barrett's esophagus subjectively experience fewer symptoms or symptoms of decreased severity, despite sustaining greater acid exposure, than those with GERD but without Barrett's syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a chart review of patients with GERD. Criteria for inclusion in the study were esophagogastroscopy, motility testing and a 24-hour pH study. Fifty-eight patients (29 men, 29 women) fulfilled these criteria. The diagnosis of GERD was based on an abnormal 24-hour pH study (DeMeester score). Of these 58 patients, 21 (14 men, 7 women) were found to have histologically confirmed Barrett's esophagus. A questionnaire to assess the key symptoms of GERD was administered, with a severity score ranging from 0 to 3 (3 being the most severe) for each symptom. RESULTS: Patients with Barrett's esophagus experienced symptoms significantly less severe (p 5 min) of acid exposure (p = 0.033) and an increased percentage of time when their pH was less than 4. Patients with Barrett's esophagus had decreased resting lower esophageal sphincter tone, and number and amplitude of peristaltic contractions. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with Barrett's esophagus, the columnar epithelium may serve a protective function in guarding against symptoms of acid reflux. This has implications for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Descriptors Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/pathology, Biopsy, Needle, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Esophagoscopy, Esophagus/physiology, Female, Gastric Acidity Determination, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/pathology, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunohistochemistry, Incidence, Male, Manometry, Middle Aged, Peristalsis, Probability, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brandt,M. G., Darling,G. E., Miller,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3211802 Editors
Effects of nitrogen forms on nutrient uptake and growth of trees	2003	Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin 150040, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban Periodical, Abbrev. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 14 Issue 11 Start Page 2044 Other Pages 2048 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9425159; 0 (Nitrates); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); RF: 46; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1001-9332; 1001-9332 Accession Number PMID: 14997674 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14997674 Abstract Forest tree species take up both NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N forms of nitrogen (N) during their growth. However, the effects of N form on nutrition uptake and tree growth are different due to the different N forms. Generally, trees show preference to N source, and most conifers prefer to NH4(+)-N while the preference to N form of broadleaved trees is unclear. The preference may be correlated with the pH value of the site on which the trees grown. The trees grown on acid soil generally appear preference to NH4(+)-N while trees grown on litmusless or alkaline soil prefer to NO3(-)-N. Fungus also can alter the tree uptake characteristic to NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. In some species, the NO3(-)-N uptake capacity increased remarkably while uptake capacity of NH4(+)-N keep consistent when fungus were inoculated. NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N have different effects on other nutrient ions uptake because of the difference charge of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. In general, NH4(+)-N accelerates the anion absorption while inhibits cation absorption. The effects of nitrogen forms on nutrition uptake are related with not only the charge of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N, but also the restrain effects among other ions. Sometimes, NH4(+)-N inhibits NO3(-)-N uptake, but the mechanism is not very clear now. The form of which nitrogen is taken up by trees will induce the change of rhizospheric pH value. Uptake of NH4(+)-N results in the decrease of rhizospheric pH value. Contrary, uptake of NO3(-)-N will cause the increase of rhizospheric pH value. The change of rhizospheric pH value will affect nutrient availability and thus affect nutrition uptake and utilization by trees. Trees grow differently after NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N uptake. When supplied with NH4(+)-N, some confers that prefer to NH4(+)-N grow better while a few ammonium-preference conifers hardly show the better growth. Nevertheless, most plants grow better when both forms of N supplied simultaneously than either of N source supplied alone. For few similar studies were carried out with tree species, it needs to do more researches. Descriptors Nitrates/metabolism/pharmacology, Nitrogen/metabolism, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism/pharmacology, Trees/growth & development/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Y., Bai,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gastric antiulcer activity of Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA	2004	Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. leoniab@uol.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Periodical, Abbrev. Biol.Pharm.Bull. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 27 Issue 3 Start Page 328 Other Pages 332 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9311984; 0 (2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles); 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Prostaglandins); 004F72P8F4 (Bethanechol); 0K5C5T2QPG (Lansoprazole); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 80061L1WGD (Cimetidine); KG60484QX9 (Omepraz Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 0918-6158; 0918-6158 Accession Number PMID: 14993797 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14993797 Abstract Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA, popularly known as "sempre-vivas mini-saia," is found in mountains of the Espinhaco range in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Extracts of this species contain several constituents, including flavonoids which may have antiulcerogenic activity. An ethanolic extract (EEOH), and flavonoid-rich (FRF) and flavonoid-deficient (FDF) fractions obtained from the scapes of S. arthrotrichus were investigated for their ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric mucosa in mice and rats. In the ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer model, lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg) given orally protected the gastric mucosal against injury in mice by 79%, 78%, 73%, and 64% respectively. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats, the lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of rats by 65%, 38% and 25% respectively when compared with the negative control group. In indomethacin/bethanechol-induced gastric ulcers, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (100, 250 mg/kg) inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 73%, 55% and 32% respectively. In this exactly model other treatments as cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) each caused 54%, 36% and 45% inhibition, respectively. In the stress-induced gastric ulcer model, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg), inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 63%, 73%, 68% and 69% respectively. In the same model, cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of the mice by 60%, 51% and 47% when compared to the control group. In pylorus-ligated mice, cimetidine (positive control) and FRF significantly decreased gastric acid secretion, increased gastric pH and reduced the acid output when compared to the negative control. FDF had no significant effect on these parameters. The protection provided by FRF probably involved an antisecretory mechanism mediated by flavonoids which were absent in FDF. The amount of adherent mucous in the stomach contents was also evaluated with the treatments carbenoxolone (200 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) treatment. Each treatments significantly increased the amount of adherent mucous in the gastric juice (8.67+/-1.73, 3.35+/-1.59, 2.1+/-0.41 mg/g of wet tissue, respectively) compared to the control group, indicating a cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa. Treatment with FRF plus indomethacin and FDF plus indomethacin reduced the prostaglandin biosyntesis (13.6+/-6.5, 27+/-5.5 pg/well) by the mucosa, indicating that the cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa was not related to the level of prostaglandins. Only FDF (38+/-17 pg/well) maintained the level of prostaglandins and guaranteed the integrity of the mucosa. The results indicate that the EEOH, FRF and FDF have antisecretory and cytoprotective actions, that may be related to the presence of luteoline in the extract and active fractions. Descriptors 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles, Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Bethanechol, Cimetidine/therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Eriocaulaceae/chemistry, Ethanol, Gastric Juice/secretion, Gastrointestinal Contents/chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indomethacin, Lansoprazole, Male, Mice, Mucus/chemistry, Omeprazole/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Prostaglandins/biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology, Stress, Psychological/complications Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Batista,L. M., de Almeida,A. B., de Pietro Magri,L., Toma,W., Calvo,T. R., Vilegas,W., Souza Brito,A. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes	2004	National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 45 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tars); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC1747810; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 14985595 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14985595 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Survey of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) smoke deliveries from 77 cigarette brands purchased in 35 countries was conducted using a standardised machine smoking method. The goal of this study was to determine regional variations and differences in the tar, nicotine, and CO smoke yields of a cigarette brand manufactured by a leading transnational corporation and of non-US locally popular cigarette brands. DESIGN: The majority of the cigarettes were purchased in each of the participating countries by delegate members of the World Health Organization and forwarded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Smoke deliveries were determined using a standardised smoking machine method and subsequent gravimetric and gas chromatography analysis. RESULTS: The smoke deliveries varied widely. Mainstream smoke deliveries varied from 6.8 to 21.6 mg tar/cigarette, 0.5 to 1.6 mg nicotine/cigarette, and 5.9 to 17.4 mg CO/cigarette. In addition to the smoke deliveries, the cigarettes were examined to determine physical parameters such as filter composition, length, and ventilation levels. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the smoke deliveries suggested that cigarettes from the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific WHO regions tended to have higher tar, nicotine, and CO smoke deliveries than did brands from the European, American, or African WHO regions surveyed. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Nicotine/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Tars/analysis, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Calafat,A. M., Polzin,G. M., Saylor,J., Richter,P., Ashley,D. L., Watson,C. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1747810 Editors
Quantitative comparisons between a nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and conventional cigarette smoking	2004	National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 6 Issue 1 Start Page 95 Other Pages 102 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 5-P50-CA84718/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 14982693 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200310001656911 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14982693 Abstract In 1997, R. J. Reynolds introduced Eclipse, a nicotine delivery device (NDD) purported to deliver lower levels of smoke than conventional cigarettes. This NDD uses a carbon fuel element to vaporize the nicotine in the rod; the user then inhales the nicotine vapor. In the present study, the effects of this NDD on smoking topography; substance delivery factors; and physiological, subjective, and biochemical markers of smoking were compared with commercial cigarettes (referred to as Own Brand). All smoking occurred ad lib with the cigarette or NDD hand-held (conventional) or held in a topography mouthpiece. A total of 10 adults (seven males) smoked on five occasions: NDD conventional, NDD topography, Own Brand conventional, Own Brand topography (twice). Sessions were separated by at least 24 hr. Measures were taken before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after smoking. The NDD took longer to smoke (366 s vs. 292 s), required more puffs (14.8 vs. 10.8), and caused a larger increase in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO; 7.3 ppm vs. 4.2 ppm) than Own Brand. However, venous plasma nicotine boost was significantly larger 2 min after smoking Own Brand as compared with the NDD (16.4 ng/ml vs. 10.7 ng/ml). Puff volume (90.7 ml vs. 63.0 ml) and puff velocity (81.6 ml/s vs. 58.2 ml/s) were greater after the NDD than Own Brand, whereas inter-puff interval and puff duration were similar. Subjects rated the NDD as less satisfying (5.2 vs. 9.8), less rewarding (9.5 vs. 14.3), and more aversive (5.0 vs. 3.1) than their own brand. The results of this study indicate that this NDD exposes the user to significant quantities of nicotine, CO, and possibly other harmful components of tobacco smoke. The findings further validate the use of a topography device as an effective instrument to quantify smoke exposure. Descriptors Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Equipment Design, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/blood, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Volatilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,E. M., Malson,J. L., Moolchan,E. T., Pickworth,W. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil by Curie point pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, an alternative to conventional methods	2004	University Aix-Marseille III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemens, Marseille, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 13-Feb Volume 1026 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 223 Other Pages 229 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Soil Pollutants); ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 14763749 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14763749 Abstract Curie point pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) has been compared with classical extraction procedures (Soxhlet, sonication, KOH digestion, microwave-assisted) followed by GC-MS analysis for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil. In each case, the efficiency of the technique was examined for 16 PAHs included in the US Environmental Protection Agency Priority Pollutant List. The results indicate that the recovery of PAHs is dependent on the extraction technique. The highest recoveries of PAHs were obtained with Curie point pyrolysis and KOH digestion. Py-GC-MS appeared to be interesting alternative method for the determination of PAHs in contaminated soil. The results were validated by certified soil (CRM 104) analysis. Descriptors Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/isolation & purification, Reference Standards, Soil/analysis, Soil Pollutants/analysis/isolation & purification, United States, United States Environmental Protection Agency Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Buco,S., Moragues,M., Doumenq,P., Noor,A., Mille,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Responses of Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga roots to heterogeneous nutrient distribution in soil	1997	Institute of Plant Nutrition, Hohenheim University, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 39 Other Pages 45 Notes JID: 100955338; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1758-4469; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 14759912 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14759912 Abstract The spatial distribution of plant-available mineral nutrients in forest soils is often highly heterogeneous. To test the hypothesis that local nutrient enrichment of soil leads to increased root proliferation in the nutrient-rich soil zone, we studied the effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth and nutrient concentrations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) roots. Three-year-old seedlings were grown for 9 months in split-root containers filled with nutrient-poor forest mineral soil, with one side supplemented with additional mineral nutrients. Root dry weight and root length in Scots pine and Norway spruce were increased in the nutrient-supplemented soil compared with the nonsupplemented side, whereas root growth in Douglas-fir was unaffected by nutrient enrichment. Of the three species examined, Norway spruce exhibited the highest root and shoot growth and the highest nutrient demand. Specific root length (m g(-1)) and the number of root tips per unit root length were not affected by local nutrient addition in any of the species. Despite increased root growth in Norway spruce and Scots pine in nutrient-supplemented soil, their root systems contained similar nutrient concentrations on both sides of the split-root container. Thus, coniferous trees may respond to local nutrient supply by increased root proliferation, but the response varies depending on the species, and may only occur when trees are nutrient deficient. As a response to local nutrient enrichment, increases in root dry matter or root length may be better indicators of pre-existing nutrient deficiencies in conifers than increases in root nutrient concentrations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors George,E., Seith,B., Schaeffer,C., Marschner,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokeless and other noncigarette tobacco use and pancreatic cancer: a case-control study based on direct interviews	2004	Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 55 Other Pages 58 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: N01-CN-05225/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CN-05227/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CN-31022/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CP-51090/CP/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01-CP51089/CP/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: N01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1055-9965; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 14744733 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14744733 Abstract Cigarette smoking is an important and well-established cause of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, little is known about the effects of smoking cigars, pipes, and use of smokeless tobacco on pancreatic cancer risk. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between noncigarette tobacco use (i.e., cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco) and pancreatic cancer risk among nonsmokers of cigarettes. A population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer was conducted during 1986-1989 among residents of Atlanta, Georgia, Detroit, Michigan, and 10 counties in New Jersey. Direct interviews were successfully completed with 526 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients and 2153 controls ages 30-79 years. This analysis was restricted to lifelong nonsmokers of cigarettes and based on interviews with 154 cases newly diagnosed with carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas and 844 population controls who reported no history of cigarette smoking. We observed a consistent pattern of increased risk associated with cigar smoking, although these elevations were not statistically significant. Participants who smoked cigars regularly (i.e., at least one cigar/week for >/=6 months) experienced a 70% increased risk [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-3.3], and those who never used other form of tobacco had a 90% increased risk (95% CI: 0.8-4.3). Risk was elevated among those who smoked more than one cigar/day [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.8-4.2) and among those who smoked cigars > 20 years (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 0.9-3.9). Trends in risk with increasing amount and duration smoked were consistent but not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and P = 0.16, respectively). Subjects who used smokeless tobacco regularly had a 40% increased risk of pancreatic cancer (95% CI: 0.5-3.6) compared with nonusers of tobacco. We observed a marginally significant increasing risk with increased use of smokeless tobacco (P = 0.04); participants who used >2.5 oz of smokeless tobacco a week had an OR of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.1-11). Long-term use of smokeless tobacco (i.e., >20 years) was also associated with a nonsignificant increased risk (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.6-4.0). In contrast, pipe smokers experienced no increased risk (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.1-2.8). Our results suggest that heavy use of smokeless tobacco, and to a lesser extent, cigar smoking may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer among nonsmokers of cigarettes. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology, Risk Factors, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alguacil,J., Silverman,D. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness?	2004	Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. ulrik.wisloff@medisin.ntnu.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of physiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form 16-Mar Volume 555 Issue Pt 3 Start Page 825 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 0266262; 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors); 16051-77-7 (isosorbide-5-mononitrate); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); IA7306519N (Isosorbide Dinitrate); OID: NLM: PMC1664873; 2004/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0022-3751; 0022-3751 Accession Number PMID: 14724207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055467 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14724207 Abstract Nitrogen dissolves in the blood during dives, but comes out of solution if divers return to normal pressure too rapidly. Nitrogen bubbles cause a range of effects from skin rashes to seizures, coma and death. It is believed that these bubbles form from bubble precursors (gas nuclei). Recently we have shown that a single bout of exercise 20 h, but not 48 h, before a simulated dive prevents bubble formation and protects rats from severe decompression sickness (DCS) and death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that administration of N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), turns a dive from safe to unsafe in sedentary but not exercised rats. Therefore based upon previous data an attractive hypothesis is that it may be possible to use either exercise or NO-releasing agents before a dive to inhibit bubble formation and thus protect against DCS. Consequently, the aims of the present study were to determine whether protection against bubble formation in 'diving' rats was provided by (1) chronic and acute administration of a NO-releasing agent and (2) exercise less than 20 h prior to the dive. NO given for 5 days and then 20 h prior to a dive to 700 kPa lasting 45 min breathing air significantly reduced bubble formation and prevented death. The same effect was seen if NO was given only 30 min before the dive. Exercise 20 h before a dive suppressed bubble formation and prevented death, with no effect at any other time (48, 10, 5 and 0.5 h prior to the dive). Pre-dive activities have not been considered to influence the growth of bubbles and thus the risk of serious DCS. The present novel findings of a protective effect against bubble formation and death by appropriately timed exercise and an NO-releasing agent may form the basis of a new approach to preventing serious decompression sickness. Descriptors Animals, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control, Diving, Female, Isosorbide Dinitrate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Motor Activity/physiology, Nitric Oxide/physiology, Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wisloff,U., Richardson,R. S., Brubakk,A. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20040114 PMCID PMC1664873 Editors

E-mail