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Design and Validation of a Research-Grade Waterpipe Equipped With Puff Topography Analyzer	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 18 Issue 5 Start Page 785 Other Pages 93 Notes ID: 26377514 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, commercially available waterpipes vary widely in design and durability, including differences in fabrication materials, degree of leak-tight fit, and flow path diameter. Little is known about how the components of the waterpipe may influence puffing behavior and user's exposure to toxins. To systematically evaluate exposure, it is necessary to use a standardized research-grade waterpipe (RWP) when conducting clinical and laboratory-based trials. METHODS: We developed a RWP that is configured with an in-line topography system which allows real-time measurement and recording of the smoke volume drawn through the RWP. The RWP was calibrated across the flow rate range expected for waterpipe tobacco smoking and the calibration was verified for known puff volumes using a smoking machine. Operation of the RWP was qualified in a cohort of experienced waterpipe smokers, each smoker using the RWP ad libitum in a laboratory setting while smoker topography and subjective effects data were collected. RESULTS: RWP machine smoking was highly reproducible and yielded puff volumes that agreed well with true values. User acceptance was comparable, and puffing behavior was similar in pattern, with more frequent puffing in the beginning of the session, but significantly different in intensity from that used to estimate the majority of toxicant exposure reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The RWP operates with known precision and accuracy and is well accepted by experienced smokers. This tool can be used to determine the extent to which puffing behaviors are affected by the waterpipe design, components, and/or accessories, tobacco nicotine content, sweet flavorings and/or additives known to increase addictiveness. IMPLICATIONS: This study describes a standardized RWP, equipped with a puffing topography analyzer, which can operate with known precision and accuracy, and is well-accepted by experienced smokers in terms of satisfaction and reward. The RWP is an important tool for determining if puffing behaviors, and thus estimated toxin exposures, are affected by the waterpipe design, components, and/or accessories, tobacco nicotine content, sweet flavorings, and/or additives that are known to increase addictiveness. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv180 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Brinkman,Marielle C., Kim,Hyoshin, Gordon,Sydney M., Kroeger,Robyn R., Reyes,Iza L., Deojay,Dawn M., Chitwood,Caleb, Lane,Timothy E., Clark,Pamela I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Design, baseline characteristics, and retention of African American light smokers into a randomized trial involving biological data	2011	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. lcox@kumc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trials Periodical, Abbrev. Trials Pub Date Free Form 25-Jan Volume 12 Issue Start Page 22 Other Pages 12/22/6215 Notes LR: 20151119; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00666978; GR: 1P60MD003422/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA091912/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA091912-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA091912-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA09 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1745-6215; 1745-6215 Accession Number PMID: 21266057 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-12-22 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21266057 Abstract BACKGROUND: African Americans experience significant tobacco-related health disparities despite the fact that over half of African American smokers are light smokers (use = 10 cigarettes per day). African Americans have been under-represented in smoking cessation research, and few studies have evaluated treatment for light smokers. This paper describes the study design, measures, and baseline characteristics from Kick It at Swope III (KIS-III), the first treatment study of bupropion for African American light smokers. METHODS: Five hundred forty African American light smokers were randomly assigned to receive bupropion (150 mg bid) (n = 270) or placebo (n = 270) for 7 weeks. All participants received written materials and health education counseling. Participants responded to survey items and provided blood samples for evaluation of phenotype and genotype of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 enzymes involved in nicotine and bupropion metabolism. Primary outcome was cotinine-verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at Week 26 follow-up. RESULTS: Of 2,628 individuals screened, 540 were eligible, consented, and randomized to treatment. Participants had a mean age of 46.5 years and 66.1% were women. Participants smoked an average of 8.0 cigarettes per day, had a mean exhaled carbon monoxide of 16.4 ppm (range 1-55) and a mean serum cotinine of 275.8 ng/ml. The mean Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was 3.2, and 72.2% of participants smoked within 30 minutes of waking. The average number of quit attempts in the past year was 3.7 and 24.2% reported using pharmacotherapy in their most recent quit attempt. Motivation and confidence to quit were high. CONCLUSION: KIS-III is the first study designed to examine both nicotine and bupropion metabolism, evaluating CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 phenotype and genotype in conjunction with psychosocial factors, in the context of treatment of African American light smokers. Of 1629 smokers screened for study participation, only 18 (1.1%) were ineligible to participate in the study because they refused blood draws, demonstrating the feasibility of recruiting and enrolling African American light smokers into a clinical treatment trial involving biological data collection and genetic analyses. Future evaluation of individual factors associated with treatment outcome will contribute to advancing tailored tobacco use treatment with the goal of enhancing treatment and reducing health disparities for African American light smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00666978. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cox,L.S., Faseru,B., Mayo,M.S., Krebill,R., Snow,T.S., Bronars,C.A., Nollen,N.L., Choi,W.S., Okuyemi,K.S., Salzman,G.A., Benowitz,N.L., Tyndale,R.F., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110125 PMCID PMC3038942 Editors
Design, baseline results of Irbid longitudinal, school-based smoking study	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Health Behav Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 6 Start Page 746 Other Pages 55 Notes ID: 22251765 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of water pipe and cigarette smoking in an eastern Mediterranean country. METHODS: In 2008, 1781 out of 1877 seventh graders enrolled in 19 randomly selected schools in Irbid, Jordan, were surveyed. RESULTS: Experimentation with and current water pipe smoking were more prevalent than cigarette smoking (boys: 38.7% vs 26.8%; 20.2% vs 9.0%, girls: 21.2% vs 9.5%; and 7.5% vs 2.3%, P<0.05 for all). Parent- and peer-smoking correlated more strongly with water pipe than with cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: Water-pipe smoking is more prevalent than cigarette smoking at this early age. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Jordan/epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Peer Group, Prevalence, Research Design, Schools, Sex Factors, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-22251765 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mzayek,Fawaz, Khader,Yousef, Eissenberg,Thomas, Ward,Kenneth D., Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detailed comparison of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms under different conditions and their susceptibility to caspofungin and anidulafungin	2011	Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 60 Issue Pt 9 Start Page 1261 Other Pages 1269 Notes LR: 20130527; JID: 0224131; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Culture Media); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Polystyrenes); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2011/05/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 21566087 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.032037-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21566087 Abstract Candida biofilm development can be influenced by diverse factors such as substrate, culture medium, carbohydrate source and pH. We have analysed biofilm formation of Candida albicans SC5314 and Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 wild-type strains in the presence of different media (RPMI 1640 versus YNB) and using different pH values (pH 5.6 or 7.0). We determined adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene, changes in the expression of adhesin genes during these processes and the susceptibility of mature biofilms to echinocandins. Biofilms formed on polystyrene by both Candida species proved to be influenced strongly by the composition of the medium rather than pH. C. albicans and C. glabrata formed thicker biofilms in RPMI 1640 medium, whereas in YNB medium, both species manifested adhesion rather than characteristic multilayer biofilm architecture. The stimulated biofilm formation in RPMI 1640 medium at pH 7.0 corroborated positively with increased expression of adhesin genes, essential to biofilm formation in vitro, including ALS3 and EAP1 in C. albicans and EPA6 in C. glabrata. The thicker biofilms grown in RPMI 1640 medium were more tolerant to caspofungin and anidulafungin than YNB-grown biofilms. We also observed that mature C. glabrata biofilms were less susceptible in RPMI 1640 medium to echinocandins than C. albicans biofilms. Environmental conditions, i.e. medium and pH, can significantly affect not only biofilm architecture, but also the expression profile of several genes involved during the different stages of biofilm development. In addition, growth conditions may also influence the antifungal-susceptibility profile of fungal populations within biofilm structures. Therefore, before designing any experimental biofilm set-up, it is important to consider the potential influence of external environmental factors on Candida biofilm development. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kucharikova,S., Tournu,H., Lagrou,K., Van Dijck,P., Bujdakova,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110512 PMCID Editors
Detailed esophageal function and morphological analysis shows high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus in patients with cervical inlet patch	2012	First Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged State Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary. air@in1st.szote.u-szeged.hu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / I.S.D.E Periodical, Abbrev. Dis.Esophagus Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 25 Issue 6 Start Page 498 Other Pages 504 Notes CI: (c) 2011 Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2011; JID: 8809160; 2011/11/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1442-2050; 1120-8694 Accession Number PMID: 22107367 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01281.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22107367 Abstract Although the pathogenesis of cervical inlet patch (CIP) is not fully understood, most authors consider it as a congenital abnormality, whereas others surmise it to be related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to evaluate esophageal function and the prevalence of GERD and Barrett's esophagus in patients with CIP. GERD is defined by the presence of erosive esophagitis or an abnormal pH monitoring. Seventy-one consecutive patients with endoscopic and histological evidence of CIP were prospectively evaluated. Esophageal symptom analysis, 24-hour simultaneous biliary reflux and double-channel pH-monitoring, and esophageal manometry were carried out in 65/71 (92%) patients and in 25 matched controls. Six patients were not suitable for testing and were, therefore, excluded. The histological evaluation of the heterotopic islands showed cardia and/or oxyntic mucosa in 64/65 (98%) patients and specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) in one patient (2%). The cardia and/or oxyntic mucosa was accompanied by focally appearing pancreatic acinar metaplasia and pancreatic ductal metaplasia in 7/64 (11%) and in 1/64 (2%), superficial mucous glands in 6/64 (9%), and SIM in 2/64 (3%) cases. In total, SIM was present in three patients (5%), and one of them had low-grade dysplasia. At the gastroesophageal junction, 28 (43%) patients had columnar metaplasia, including nine (14%) patients with SIM. Erosive esophagitis was present in 37 (57%) cases. Thirty-two patients (49%) had abnormal acid reflux in the distal and 25 (38%) in the proximal esophagus. Abnormal biliary reflux was present in 25 (38%) cases. On the basis of endoscopic and pH studies, GERD was established in 44/65 (68%) patients. Typical reflux symptoms were common (33/65, 51%). The combined 24-hour biliary and double-channel pH-monitoring detected significantly more significant acidic reflux at both measurement points and significantly longer bile exposure time in the distal esophagus in patients with CIP. Acid secretion in the CIP was detected in three (5%) cases. Esophageal manometry revealed decreased LES pressure and prolonged relaxation with decreased peristaltic wave amplitude, and an increased number of simultaneous contractions in the esophageal body. The detailed evaluation of the esophageal morphology and function in subjects with CIP showed a high prevalence of GERD and Barrett's esophagus. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether combined acidic and biliary reflux is able to promote similar histomorphological changes in the CIP, as it is shown distally in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus Data Source Authors Rosztoczy,A., Izbeki,F., Nemeth,I.B., Dulic,S., Vadaszi,K., Roka,R., Gecse,K., Gyokeres,T., Lazar,G., Tiszlavicz,L., Wittmann,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111122 PMCID Editors
Detection and characterisation of CTX-M and CMY-2 beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Guangdong Province of China	2007	College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of antimicrobial agents Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents Pub Date Free Form May Volume 29 Issue 5 Start Page 576 Other Pages 581 Notes JID: 9111860; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2006/09/20 [received]; 2006/12/22 [revised]; 2006/12/22 [accepted]; 2007/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0924-8579; 0924-8579 Accession Number PMID: 17314033 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0924-8579(07)00038-6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17314033 Abstract The objective of this study was to characterise the beta-lactamase genes of cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in Guangdong Province of China. Of 592 E. coli isolates recovered from farm animals from 2003-2005, 50 (8.4%) showed cephalosporin resistance. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis showed that 14 isolates (2.4%) from chickens, ducks, pigs and partridges were positive for the bla(CTX-M) gene (10 for bla(CTX-M-14) and 4 for bla(CTX-M-27)). CMY-2 was detected for the first time in mainland China in six E. coli isolates (1.0%) from chickens and goose. Except for one isolate, bla(CTX-M)- and bla(CMY-2)-containing isolates also harboured the bla(TEM-1b) gene. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM) genes could be transferred to E. coli DH5alpha. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that the 14 CTX-M-producing isolates belonged to 12 different types. Two isolates (one from a chicken, the other from a pig) containing CTX-M-14 showed indistinguishable PFGE patterns, indicating clonal dissemination of this strain among animals from different farms. This study describes for the first time the emergence of CTX-M- and CMY-2-producing E. coli among farm animals in China, with the CTX-M-9 group being the predominant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detected. Descriptors Animals, Animals, Domestic/microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Cephalosporin Resistance, Chickens, China, Cloning, Molecular, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Ducks, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Escherichia coli/drug effects/enzymology, Feces/microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Swine, beta-Lactamases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,J. H., Wei,S. Y., Ma,J. Y., Zeng,Z. L., Lu,D. H., Yang,G. X., Chen,Z. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070220 PMCID Editors
Detection and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV-12 beta-lactamases from bovine mastitis isolates in the United Kingdom	2014	School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Cheshire, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 2 Start Page 789 Other Pages 794 Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 0315061; 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (beta-Lactams); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase SHV-12); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC3910873; 2013/11/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 24247146 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00752-13 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24247146 Abstract Recent reports raised concerns about the role that farm stock may play in the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. This study characterized the ESBLs in two Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates from cases of clinical bovine mastitis in the United Kingdom. Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of bovine mastitic milk samples identified Gram-negative cefpodoxime-resistant isolates, which were assessed for their ESBL phenotypes. Conjugation experiments and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) were used for characterization of transferable plasmids. E. coli isolates belonged to sequence type 88 (ST88; determined by multilocus sequence typing) and carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1, while K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates carried blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 were carried on a conjugative plasmid in E. coli, and PBRT identified this to be an IncI1 plasmid. The resistance genes were nontransferable in K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates. Moreover, in the E. coli isolates, an association of ISEcp1 and IS26 with blaCTX-M-15 was found where the IS26 element was inserted upstream of both ISEcp1 and the blaCTX-M promoter, a genetic arrangement highly similar to that described in some United Kingdom human isolates. We report the first cases in Europe of bovine mastitis due to E. coli CTX-M-15 and also of bovine mastitis due to K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae SHV-12 beta-lactamases in the United Kingdom. We also describe the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 and highlight the role that IncI1 plasmids may play in the spread and dissemination of ESBL genes, which have been described in both human and cattle isolates. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Timofte,D., Maciuca,I.E., Evans,N.J., Williams,H., Wattret,A., Fick,J.C., Williams,N.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131118 PMCID PMC3910873 Editors
Detection of aquatic colloids in drinking water during its distribution via a water pipeline network	2004	Bundschuh, T., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst. Tech. Chem. Water Technol./Geo, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 50 Issue 12 Start Page 27 Other Pages 37 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Laser-induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD) is a highly sensitive method for the direct detection of nano-particles (colloids). During the detection process plasmas are generated on single particles by a focused laser beam, the resulting plasma light emissions are detected optically. The method is based on the difference in breakdown thresholds of liquid and solid matter, it is lower for solid material. The laser pulse energy is adjusted precisely so that in the pure liquid no breakdown events occur, and only in the presence of colloids is the breakdown threshold in the focal volume exceeded. The spatial distribution of several thousand recorded plasma flashes within the focal volume reveals the mean particle diameter. The evaluation of the number of breakdown events per number of laser pulses results in a breakdown probability, together with the particle size the concentration is calculated using specially-designed computer software. Compared to conventional laser light scattering methods the LIBD is approximately 6 orders of magnitude more sensitive for particles smaller than ca. 0.05 Î¼m. Together with laser light obscuration the LIBD technique has been used successfully for the quantification of aquatic nano-particles during drinking water processing and its distribution via a pipeline network of nearly 1,700 km total length. In addition, the particulate content of several brands of mineral water has been investigated. Â© IWA Publishing 2004. Descriptors drinking water, mineral water, nanoparticle, accuracy, article, calculation, colloid, computer program, concentration response, controlled study, intermethod comparison, light irradiance, light scattering, liquid, mathematical computing, optical instrumentation, particle size, probability, quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, solid state, water analysis, water supply, water treatment, YAG laser Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wagner,T., Bundschuh,T., Schick,R., KÃ¶ster,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detection of CTX-M-15, CTX-M-22, and SHV-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli fecal-sample isolates from pig farms in China	2009	Bioengineering Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Foodborne pathogens and disease Periodical, Abbrev. Foodborne Pathog.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 6 Issue 3 Start Page 297 Other Pages 304 Notes JID: 101120121; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase SHV-2); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase CTX-M-22, E coli); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1556-7125; 1535-3141 Accession Number PMID: 19272004 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0164 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19272004 Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from two production swine operations in Sichuan Province, China, between August 2002 and February 2007. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli increased dramatically from 2.2% to 10.7% during this period. This increase appeared mostly related to dissemination of CTX-M-type ESBLs among E. coli isolates. Of 212 E. coli isolates studied, 14 harbored ESBL genes. Among them, 13 harbored bla(CTX-M-15/22) and one harbored bla(SHV-2). To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify bla(CTX-M-22) from production animals. One isolate in 2002 harbored bla(SHV-2), indicating that ESBL genes have been present in farm animals in China since at least 2002. Molecular characterization and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the ESBL-producing isolates suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in the dissemination of the CTX-M genes and revealed that additional resistance determinants for non-beta-lactam antibiotics were carried by plasmids encoding certain ESBL genes. Results of this study provide an example of how ESBL genes, particularly those of CTX-M lineages, are rapidly spreading among E. coli isolates from commercial pig farms in Sichuan province of China. Descriptors Agriculture, Animals, Base Sequence, China, Conjugation, Genetic, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Proteins/analysis/genetics, Feces/microbiology, Plasmids/genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Swine/microbiology, beta-Lactam Resistance/genetics, beta-Lactamases/analysis/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tian,G. B., Wang,H. N., Zou,L. K., Tang,J. N., Zhao,Y. W., Ye,M. Y., Tang,J. Y., Zhang,Y., Zhang,A. Y., Yang,X., Xu,C. W., Fu,Y. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detection of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella species in human feces by using group-specific PCR primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis	2001	Institute of Food Technology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 67 Issue 6 Start Page 2578 Other Pages 2585 Notes LR: 20140613; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA Primers); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); OID: NLM: PMC92910; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 11375166 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2578-2585.2001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11375166 Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of DNA fragments generated by PCR with 16S ribosomal DNA-targeted group-specific primers was used to detect lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella in human feces. Analysis of fecal samples of four subjects revealed individual profiles of DNA fragments originating not only from species that have been described as intestinal inhabitants but also from characteristically food-associated bacteria such as Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Comparison of PCR-DGGE results with those of bacteriological culture showed that the food-associated species could not be cultured from the fecal samples by plating on Rogosa agar. On the other hand, all of the LAB species cultured from feces were detected in the DGGE profile. We also detected changes in the types of LAB present in human feces during consumption of a milk product containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20. The analysis of fecal samples from two subjects taken before, during, and after administration of the probiotic revealed that L. rhamnosus was detectable by PCR-DGGE during the test period in the feces of both subjects, whereas it was detectable by culture in only one of the subjects. Descriptors Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, DNA Primers, DNA, Ribosomal/genetics/isolation & purification, Electrophoresis/methods, Feces/microbiology, Female, Humans, Lactobacillaceae/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/isolation & purification, Male, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Pediococcus/isolation & purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Probiotics/pharmacology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/isolation & purification, Streptococcaceae/genetics/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Walter,J., Hertel,C., Tannock,G. W., Lis,C. M., Munro,K., Hammes,W. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC92910 Editors

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