Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of consumption patterns, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective effects in cigarette smokers who switched to dissolvable tobacco (Camel Orbs), dual use, or tobacco abstinence | 2014 | Department of Research and Development, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC krauttg@rjrt.com.; Department of Research and Development, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
16
Issue
10
Start Page
1336
Other Pages
1347
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 0 (Biomarkers); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2014/05/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 24879304
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu082 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24879304
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this trial were to investigate short-term changes in product usage, tobacco-related biomarkers of exposure, and subjective effects in smokers who switched to dissolvable tobacco (Camel Orbs) use. METHODS: Participants were randomized into 1 of 4 groups (continued smoking, switched to consuming Orbs, switched to dual use of cigarettes and Orbs, and tobacco abstinent) and confined for 6 days with dietary restrictions. Most measurements were at baseline and days 1, 3, and 5 of intervention. Mouth-level tar and nicotine exposures were estimated by filter tip analysis. Twenty biomarkers were quantified in 24-hr urine; 4 were quantified in blood/plasma (carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine, cotinine, and thiocyanate). Ratings for nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms were scored. RESULTS: After 5 days, substantial and statistically significant reductions (~30%-90%) in all biomarkers were observed in the Orbs and abstinent groups compared to baseline. Numerous smaller reductions (~7%-30%) were also noted in the continued smoking and dual-use groups (generally similar in magnitude for both groups). Subjective questionnaire findings indicated greater withdrawal discomfort levels throughout the intervention period for the nonsmoking groups. For subjects that continued smoking, clinical confinement conditions did not significantly alter product use behavior and toxicant exposure profile compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial reductions in toxicant exposure occurred for participants that did not smoke. Cigarette smokers that switched to Orbs use showed reductions in all biomarkers, similar to abstinent group. Changes in toxicant exposure for the dual-use group were similar to the continued-smoking group, consistent with minimal changes observed in that group's product use behavior (small reduction in cigarettes per day and small increase in Orbs use).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Krautter,G.R., Borgerding,M.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140530
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of Cotinine Salivary Levels in Hookah Smokers, Passive Smokers, and Non-Smokers | 2015 | Assistant Professor, Oral and Dental Disaese Research Center AND Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciencse, Zahedan, Iran.; Associate Professor, Oral and Dental Research Center AND Department of Oral Medicine | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Summer-Autumn
Volume
7
Issue
4-Mar
Start Page
184
Other Pages
191
Notes
LR: 20160219; JID: 101582275; OID: NLM: PMC4741239; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-4633; 2008-4633
Accession Number
PMID: 26885355
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26885355
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke and non-smoker (passive smokers). METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 150 subjects, including 50 hookah smokers, 50 passive smokers, and 50 non-smokers. Bioassay Technology Laboratory cotinine kit was used to determine salivary levels of cotinine using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at a sensitivity rate of 0.019 pg/ml. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. FINDINGS: The highest salivary cotinine levels were recorded in hookah users (20.24 +/- 5.62 ng/ml), followed by passive smokers (16.09 +/- 3.51 ng/ml), in descending order. No detectable cotinine levels were observed in non-smokers. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a strong and positive correlation between use of hookah and salivary cotinine levels (r = 0.932, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, salivary cotinine levels were higher in hookah smokers compared with passive smokers and non-smokers, in descending order.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nosratzehi,T., Arbabi-Kalati,F., Alijani,E., Tajdari,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4741239
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of Cytotoxic Effect of Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking on Human Buccal Mucosa | 2017 | Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of preventive medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
5-Dec
Volume
8
Issue
Start Page
98
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20181113; JID: 101535380; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/01/30 00:00 [received]; 2017/07/02 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/01/02 06:01 [medline]; epublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-7802; 2008-7802
Accession Number
PMID: 29291040
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_62_17 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29291040
Abstract
Background: The evidences on cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking are very rare and controversial. The aim was to compare the cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on human buccal mucosa cells. Methods: The study was case-control. Feulgen-stained samples of exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were evaluated. The cytology slides of 25 cigarette smoker, 25 waterpipe smoker, and 25 individuals in the never smoked were examined. The number of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis in 1000 cells/subject were counted. Exposing to cigarette and waterpipe smoke was considered by the number of pack x years. Results: There were significant differences among the groups in terms of karyolysis and pyknosis while there was no significant difference among the cigarette smokers group and waterpipe smokers group in terms of karyorrhexis (P = 0. 01). The cytotoxicity effect of cigarette smoking was not significantly correlated to time exposure (r = 0.099, P = 0.637). The cytotoxicity effect of waterpipe smoking was significantly correlated to time exposure (r = -370, P = 0.044). Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells was significantly higher than nonsmokers. The effect of cigarette smoking on cellular death was higher than waterpipe. The cytotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking was dose dependent.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Naderi,N.J., Pasha,M.P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20171205
PMCID
PMC5738785
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of direct, headspace and headspace cold fiber modes in solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a new coating based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide composite | 2014 | Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.; Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: ss-hosseiny@sbu.ac.ir.; Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti Univ | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
17-Jan
Volume
1325
Issue
Start Page
23
Other Pages
30
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9318488; 0 (Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic); 0 (Oxides); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Polymers); 0 (poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)); 7782-42-5 (Graphite); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/08/11 [received]; 2013/10/20 [revise
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 24373534
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.056 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24373534
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite coating made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and graphene oxide was electrochemically prepared on gold wire. The prepared fiber was applied to the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatographic analysis of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Three modes of extraction i.e. direct immersion (DI), headspace (HS) and headspace cold fiber (HS-CF) in SPME were investigated. The results were compared under optimized conditions of each mode, considering the effects of the three most important parameters which are extraction temperature, extraction time and ionic strength. The comparison showed that HS-CF-SPME results in the best outcome for the extraction of PAHs from water samples. Under the optimized conditions of this mode, the calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.4-600mugL(-1) and the detection limits were between 0.05 and 0.13mugL(-1). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations obtained at 10mugL(-1) (n=5), using a single fiber, were 4.1-6.8% and 4.8-8.4%, respectively. The fiber-to-fiber repeatabilities (n=4), expressed as the relative standard deviations (RSD%), were between 6.5% and 10.7% at a 10mugL(-1) concentration level. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAHs in seawater samples showing recoveries from 85% to 107%.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Banitaba,M.H., Hosseiny Davarani,S.S., Kazemi Movahed,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131204
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of end tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels in shisha (water pipe) and cigarette smokers | 2014 | Post-graduate trainee in pulmonology Department, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan.; Chair Person business administration, Indus University, Karachi, Pakistan.; Head of Department in pulmonology Department, Jinnah Post Graduate Medica | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco induced diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob Induc Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
4-Jul
Volume
12
Issue
1
Start Page
10
Other Pages
9625-12-10. eCollection 2014
Notes
LR: 20140912; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC4158767; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/12/18 [received]; 2014/06/18 [accepted]; 2014/07/04 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2070-7266; 1617-9625
Accession Number
PMID: 25206319
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1186/1617-9625-12-10 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25206319
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Measuring eCo is rapid, non-invasive and inexpensive tool and correlate correctly with carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the increase in end tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels in exhaled breath of passive smokers and healthy smokers after cigarette and shisha smoking. FINDINGS: In a cross sectional study eCO levels were measured in 70 subjects (24 cigarette smokers, 20 shisha smoker, 26 passive smokers) by use of portable device. Smokers were asked to smoke shisha for 30 mins in shisha cafe or to smoke 5 cigarettes in 30 mins in a restaurant. eCo levels were measured at baseline (30 mins), 35 mins, 60 mins and 90 mins in all groups after entry to the venue. The baseline mean eCO level among cigarette smokers was 3.5 +/- 0.6 ppm (part per million), passive cigarette smokers 3.7+/-1.0 ppm, shisha smokers 27.7+/-4.9 ppm and passive shisha smokers 18.3+/-8.4 ppm .The mean increase in eCO after 90 min among smokers was 9.4+/-4.6 (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Akhter,S., Ali Warraich,U., Rizvi,N., Idrees,N., Zaina,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140704
PMCID
PMC4158767
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) concentrations generated by an electrically heated cigarette smoking system and a conventional cigarette | 2009 | Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research & Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 3, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Anthony.Tricker@pmintl.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Inhalation toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Inhal.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
21
Issue
1
Start Page
62
Other Pages
77
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (Gases); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Vinyl Compounds); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); R9ZU09Z27A (3-vinylpyridine); S
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1091-7691; 0895-8378
Accession Number
PMID: 18951229
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1080/08958370802207334 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18951229
Abstract
Smoking conventional lit-end cigarettes results in exposure of nonsmokers to potentially harmful cigarette smoke constituents present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) generated by sidestream smoke emissions and exhaled mainstream smoke. ETS constituent concentrations generated by a conventional lit-end cigarette and a newly developed electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) that produces only mainstream smoke and no sidestream smoke emissions were investigated in simulated "office" and "hospitality" environments with different levels of baseline indoor air quality. Smoking the EHCSS (International Organisation for Standardization yields: 5 mg tar, 0.3 mg nicotine, and 0.6 mg carbon monoxide) in simulated indoor environments resulted in significant reductions in ETS constituent concentrations compared to when smoking a representative lit-end cigarette (Marlboro: 6 mg tar, 0.5 mg nicotine, and 7 mg carbon monoxide). In direct comparisons, 24 of 29 measured smoke constituents (83%) showed mean reductions of greater than 90%, and 5 smoke constituents (17%) showed mean reductions between 80% and 90%. Gas-vapor phase ETS markers (nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine) were reduced by an average of 97% (range 94-99%). Total respirable suspended particles, determined by online particle measurements and as gravimetric respirable suspended particles, were reduced by 90% (range 82-100%). The mean and standard deviation of the reduction of all constituents was 94 +/- 4%, indicating that smoking the new EHCSS in simulated "office" and "hospitality" indoor environments resulted in substantial reductions of ETS constituents in indoor air.
Descriptors
Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Electricity, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Gases/analysis/chemistry, Humans, International Agencies/organization & administration/standards, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Nitric Oxide/analysis, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis, Particle Size, Pyridines/analysis, Research Design, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Vinyl Compounds/analysis, Volatilization
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Tricker,A. R., Schorp,M. K., Urban,H. J., Leyden,D., Hagedorn,H. W., Engl,J., Urban,M., Riedel,K., Gilch,G., Janket,D., Scherer,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in current or former tobacco smokers having ischaemic heart disease | 1997 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
7-Nov
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-139692; ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-19946
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en; en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The present study was envisaged to assess the state of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, recovered from smokers (cigarette, beedi, hookah and mixed products) and non-smokers. Superoxide anion (O2.-) production was significantly higher in neutrophils from all groups of smokers (P < 0.001). Total leukocyte count (TLC) was significantly more in symptomatic subjects among the cigarette, hookah and mixed smokers (P < 0.05). Total neutrophil count (TNC) was significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects of hookah and mixed smoking groups (P < 0.05). In the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers, the role of leukocytosis, increased neutrophil sequestration into the lung, increased neutrophil toxic oxygen species including superoxide release in the lung may cause direct injury to lung tissues.
Descriptors
Cigarette smoking, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Hookah smoking, Ischaemic heart disease, Spirometry, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia --epidemiology, Myocardial Ischemia --etiology, Pakistan --epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --etiology, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking --adverse effects, Adult, Female, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophils --metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species --metabolism, Smoking --metabolism, Superoxides --metabolism
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-139692; http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-19946
Book Title
Database
IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mahmud,Talha, Bokhari,Syed N. H., Aasim,Muhammad, Sharma,R. N., Deva,C., Behera,D., Khanduja,K. L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in current or former tobacco smokers having ischaemic heart disease | 2012 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Chest Dis.Allied Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
54
Issue
2
Start Page
111
Other Pages
6
Notes
ID: 22973780
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study compares the frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers suffering from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and analyses the association of COPD severity with status, type and duration of smoking. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted in current and former cigarette, hookah and combined cigarette and hookah smokers with IHD to detect previously undiagnosed COPD through spirometry. RESULTS: Among 124 males with IHD, majority 74 (59.7%)] were former smokers and were in the age ranged between 42 to 78 years. All had dyspnoea up to grade 4 and 64 (51.6%) also reported chronic cough and sputum production. According to type of smoking, 64 (51.6%) smoked cigarettes, 30 (24.2%) smoked hookah and 30 (24.2%) smoked both hookah and cigarettes. Forty-seven (37.9%) were found to have COPD, 24 (37.5%) among cigarette smokers, 12 (40%) among hookah smokers, while 11 (36.7%) were from cigarette and hookah smokers. Duration of smoking, its type and magnitude had no association with severity of COPD. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of undiagnosed COPD is high in smokers with IHD. Hookah and combined hookah and cigarette smokers are almost as susceptible to develop COPD as are cigarette smokers.
Descriptors
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-22973780
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mahmud,Talha, Bokhari,Syed N.H., Aasim,Muhammad
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of indoor air quality in smoke-permitted and smoke-free multiunit housing: findings from the Boston Housing Authority | 2015 | Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, MA; erusso@bphc.org.; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA;; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
17
Issue
3
Start Page
316
Other Pages
322
Notes
LR: 20160519; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1U58DP002478-01/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA148596/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-CA148596/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-HL112212/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Pa
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25156526
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu146 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25156526
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke remains a health concern for individuals living in multiunit housing, where smoke has been shown to easily transfer between units. Building-wide smoke-free policies are a logical step for minimizing smoke exposure in these settings. This evaluation sought to determine whether buildings with smoke-free policies have less secondhand smoke than similar buildings without such policies. Furthermore, this study assessed potential secondhand smoke transfer between apartments with and without resident smokers. METHODS: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), airborne nicotine, and self-reported smoking activity were recorded in 15 households with resident smokers and 17 households where no one smoked in 5 Boston Housing Authority developments. Of these, 4 apartment pairs were adjacent apartments with and without resident smokers. Halls between apartments and outdoor air were also monitored to capture potential smoke transfer and to provide background PM2.5 concentrations. RESULTS: Households within buildings with smoke-free policies showed lower PM2.5 concentrations compared to buildings without these policies (median: 4.8 vs 8.1 microg/m(3)). Although the greatest difference in PM2.5 between smoking-permitted and smoke-free buildings was observed in households with resident smokers (14.3 vs 7.0 microg/m(3)), households without resident smokers also showed a significant difference (5.1 vs 4.0 microg/m(3)). Secondhand smoke transfer to smoke-free apartments was demonstrable with directly adjacent households. CONCLUSION: This evaluation documented instances of secondhand smoke transfer between households as well as lower PM2.5 measurements in buildings with smoke-free policies. Building-wide smoke-free policies can limit secondhand smoke exposure for everyone living in multiunit housing.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Russo,E.T., Hulse,T.E., Adamkiewicz,G., Levy,D.E., Bethune,L., Kane,J., Reid,M., Shah,S.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140825
PMCID
PMC4837992
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of Mental Health, Aggression and Hopefulness between Student Drug-Users and Healthy Students (A Study in Iran) | 2012 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addict Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
4
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
36
Other Pages
42
Notes
ID: 24494134
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Addiction is a social problem and a destructive phenomenon; like other social diversions, addiction destroys the country's most valuable assets, which are obviously the youth and the adolescents. In this regard, this study has been performed with the aim of comparing the mental health, aggression, and hopefulness of student drug-users and healthy students. METHODS: The study has been performed by descriptive-analytical method among students of Kerman's universities in Iran. The study sample contained 520 people who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Three questionnaires including General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and Miller Hopefulness questionnaire have been used for data gathering. In this study, the student drug-users are those who use a substance (cigarettes, hookah, alcohol, opium, etc.) at least once a week. FINDINGS: Findings showed that out of the 520 people under-study, 34.62% (180 people) are drug users, by whom the percentages of different substances used are as following: Hookah: 38.33%; Cigarettes: 28.35%; Alcohol: 20.55%; Opium: 5.55%; Cannabis: 2.23%; Heroin: 1.12%; Crack: 0.55%; Glass: 1.66 % and Psychotropic Pills and Ecstasy: 1.66%. A significant difference was observed in comparing the mental health, aggression, and hopefulness of student drug-users and healthy students (P
Descriptors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905552/?tool=pubmed
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zivari-Rahman, Mahmoud, Lesani,Mehdi, Shokouhi-Moqaddam, Solmaz
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||