WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people	2006	Warwick Medical School, Medical Teaching Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. gill.grimshaw@warwick.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Oct Volume -4 Issue 4 Start Page CD003289 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140729; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD003289. PMID: 23975659; RF: 96; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 17054164 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003289.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17054164 Abstract BACKGROUND: Teenage smoking prevalence is around 15% in developing countries (with wide variation from country to country), and around 26% in the UK and USA. Although most tobacco control programmes for adolescents are based around prevention of uptake, there are also a number of initiatives to help those who want to quit. Since those who do not smoke before the age of 20 are significantly less likely to start as adults, there is a strong case for programmes for young people that address both prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of strategies that help young people to stop smoking tobacco. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsyclNFO, ERIC, CINAHL, and the bibliographies of identified trials. We also searched the 'grey' literature (unpublished materials), and contacted authors and experts in the field where necessary. SELECTION CRITERIA: Types of studies: Randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and controlled trials. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: Young people, aged less than 20, who are regular tobacco smokers. Types of interventions: The interventions ranged from simple ones such as pharmacotherapy, targeting individual young people, through complex programmes targeting people or organizations associated with young people (for example, their families or schools), or the community in which young people live. We included cessation programmes but excluded programmes primarily aimed at prevention of uptake. Types of outcome measures: The primary outcome was smoking status at six months follow up, among those who smoked at baseline. We report the definition of cessation used in each trial (e.g seven- or thirty-day point prevalence abstinence, or sustained or prolonged abstinence), and we preferred biochemically verified cessation when that measure was available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both authors independently assessed the eligibility of candidate trials identified by the searches, and extracted data from them. We categorized included trials as being at low, medium or high risk of bias, based on concealment of allocation, blinding (where applicable) and the handling of attrition and losses to follow up. We conducted limited meta-analyses of some of the trials, provided that it was appropriate to group them and provided that there was minimal heterogeneity between them. We estimated pooled odds ratios using the Mantel-Haenszel method, based on the quit rates at longest follow up for trials with at least six months follow up from the start of the intervention. MAIN RESULTS: We found 15 trials, covering 3605 young people, which met our inclusion criteria (seven cluster-randomized controlled trials, six randomized controlled trials and two controlled trials). Three trials used or tested the transtheoretical model (stages of change) approach, two tested pharmacological aids to quitting (nicotine replacement and bupropion), and the remaining trials used various psycho-social interventions, such as motivational enhancement or behavioural management. The trials evaluating TTM interventions achieved moderate long-term success, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) at one year of 1.70 ( 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 2.33) persisting at two-year follow up with an OR of 1.38 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.92). Neither of the pharmacological intervention trials achieved statistically significant results (data not pooled), but both were small-scale, with low power to detect an effect. The three interventions (5 trials) which used cognitive behavioural therapy interventions did not individually achieve statistically significant results, although when the three Not on Tobacco trials were pooled the OR 1.87; (95% CI 1.00 to 3.50) suggested some measure of effectiveness. Although the three trials that incorporated motivational interviewing as a component of t Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cognitive Therapy, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tobacco Use Cessation/methods/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Grimshaw,G. M., Stanton,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061018 PMCID Editors
Tobacco consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: findings from a national survey	2015	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. mmoradi@uw.edu.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 5-Jul Volume 15 Issue Start Page 611 Other Pages 015-1902-3 Notes LR: 20150708; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4491232; 2015/01/13 [received]; 2015/06/03 [accepted]; 2015/07/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26141062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1902-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26141062 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco consumption is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The Saudi Ministry of Health started a national tobacco control program in 2002 with increased and intensified efforts after joining the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2005. METHODS: In order to assess the status of tobacco consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), we conducted a survey on 10735 individuals aged 15 years or older (5253 men and 5482 women) which was performed between April and June 2013. The Saudi Health Interview Survey had a multistage sampling and was nationally representative. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The survey included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco consumption, diet, physical activity, health care utilization, different health-related behaviors, and self-reported chronic conditions. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of current smoking was 12.2 % and males were more likely to smoke than females (21.5 % vs. 1.1 %). Mean age of smoking initiation was 19.1 years (+/-6.5 years) with 8.9 % of ever smokers starting before the age of 15 years. Daily shisha smoking was reported by 4.3 % of the population (7.3 % of men and 1.3 % of women). Around 1.4 % of population (2.6 % of men and 0.1 % of women) were daily smokers of cigarette/cigar and shisha. Receiving advice for quitting smoking by health care professionals during the last 12 months was reported by 53.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 49.8-56.5) of ever smokers. Among ever smokers, 51.3 % of individuals reportedly attempted to quit smoking during the last 12 months. Of those, 25.3 % were successful by the time of the survey. Around 23.3 % of the entire population, 32.3 % of men and 13.5 % of women, were exposed to secondhand smoke for at least one day during the past 7 days at home, work, or school. CONCLUSIONS: Although the indicators of tobacco consumption in KSA are better than most of the countries of the Middle East region and high-income countries, there are many potential areas for improvement. Our findings call for the development and implementation of programs to prevent smoking initiation and encourage quitting. To achieve its health goals, KSA may consider increasing taxation on tobacco products as well as other measures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moradi-Lakeh,M., El Bcheraoui,C., Tuffaha,M., Daoud,F., Al Saeedi,M., Basulaiman,M., Memish,Z.A., AlMazroa,M.A., Al Rabeeah,A.A., Mokdad,A.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150705 PMCID PMC4491232 Editors
Tobacco control in Bahrain: An overview	2007	Fadhil, I., Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 13 Issue 3 Start Page 719 Other Pages 726 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tobacco, control interventions in Bahrain started in the late 1970s and tobacco legislation was introduced in 1994. The tobacco control approach incorporated the international recommended strategies according to the Gulf Cooperation Council and World Health Organization. Recently the tobacco control plan and tobacco legislation were reviewed. A new national comprehensive plan is put forward for implementation by the Ministry of Health. This report examines the Bahrain tobacco control approach, focusing on tobacco legislation, youth smoking, waterpipe smoking, tobacco surveillance and the smoking cessation plan. A number of recommendations for further improvement are discussed. Descriptors amfebutamone, nicotine, Bahrain, behavior therapy, child behavior, disease surveillance, gender bias, government regulation, health education, health promotion, human, law enforcement, nicotine replacement therapy, public health problem, review, smoking, smoking cessation, tobacco dependence, tobacco industry, treatment planning, world health organization Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Fadhil,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States	2009	Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs, 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA. mbotello@consumer.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 875 Other Pages 885 Notes LR: 20150325; GR: Z01 HD002525-13/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2699932; 2009/05/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19443786 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp081 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19443786 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco policies that limit the sale of cigarettes to minors and restrict smoking in public places are important strategies to deter youth from accessing and consuming cigarettes. METHODS: We examined the relationship of youth cigarette smoking status to state-level youth access and clean indoor air laws, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price. Data were analyzed from the 2001 to 2002 U.S. Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 13,339 students in the United States. RESULTS: Compared with students living in states with strict regulations, those living in states with no or minimal restrictions, particularly high school students, were more likely to be daily smokers. These effects were somewhat reduced when logistic regressions were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price, suggesting that higher cigarette prices may discourage youth to access and consume cigarettes independent of other tobacco control measures. DISCUSSION: Strict tobacco control legislation could decrease the potential of youth experimenting with cigarettes or becoming daily smokers. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking policies, particularly clean indoor air provisions, reduce smoking prevalence among high school students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/legislation & jurisprudence/methods, State Health Plans/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Students/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Botello-Harbaum,M. T., Haynie,D. L., Iannotti,R. J., Wang,J., Gase,L., Simons-Morton,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090514 PMCID PMC2699932 Editors
Tobacco direct mail marketing and smoking behaviors in a cohort of adolescents and young adults from the U.S. upper Midwest: a prospective analysis	2014	Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 16 Issue 6 Start Page 886 Other Pages 889 Notes LR: 20150601; GR: R01 CA86191/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4015100; 2014/02/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24532353 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24532353 Abstract INTRODUCTION: We assessed the characteristics of adolescents and young adults who received tobacco direct mail materials and the association of receiving these materials with subsequent smoking behaviors. METHODS: Adolescents from the upper Midwest region of the United States were sampled through clustered random sampling in 2000 and surveyed every 6 months. Participants (n = 3546) were asked at baseline (October 2006-March 2007) whether they had received direct mail materials from tobacco companies during the previous 6 months. Smoking behaviors were assessed 6 months later (April-September 2007). We assessed associations between demographics and receiving tobacco direct mail materials at baseline and the association of receiving these materials with smoking behaviors at follow-up, stratified by baseline smoking status. RESULTS: Overall, 5.2% of nonsmokers and 23.9% of current smokers in our sample received tobacco direct mail materials during the past 6 months (2.6% and 17.1% among nonsmokers and smokers Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Choi,K., Forster,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140214 PMCID PMC4015100 Editors
Tobacco harm reduction: the need for new products that can compete with cigarettes	2014	Fagerstrom Consulting AB, Vaxholm, Sweden. Electronic address: karl.fagerstrom@swipnet.se.; Nicoventures Limited, London, UK. Electronic address: kevin.bridgman@nicoventures.co.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 39 Issue 3 Start Page 507 Other Pages 511 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/29 [received]; 2013/10/28 [revised]; 2013/11/01 [accepted]; 2013/11/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24290207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24290207 Abstract Over the last 50 years, the concept of tobacco harm reduction has been well established. It is now understood that nicotine itself is not very harmful and nicotine replacement therapy products have been widely used as an aid to quit, reduce to quit or temporarily abstain from smoking for many years. The popularity of the unlicensed electronic cigarette has increased despite an unknown risk profile and sinus use in Sweden provides strong evidence in support of a harm reduction strategy. The regulatory environment around harm reduction has changed in the UK and is continuing to evolve across the globe. The need for more appealing, licensed nicotine products capable of competing with cigarettes sensorially, pharmacologically and behaviourally is considered by many to be the way forward. The significant positive impact on public health that could be gained from encouraging people to switch from cigarettes to licensed medicinal nicotine products cannot be ignored. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Fagerstrom,K.O., Bridgman,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131110 PMCID Editors
Tobacco in the Arab world: old and new epidemics amidst policy paralysis	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health Policy Plan Periodical, Abbrev. Health Policy Plan. Pub Date Free Form Volume 29 Issue 6 Start Page 784 Other Pages 94 Notes ID: 23958628 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The Arab world is comprised of 22 countries with a combined population of Ã¢ÂˆÂ¼360 million. The region is still at the initial stages of the tobacco epidemic, where it is expected to witness an increase in smoking levels and mounting tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the future. Still, the bleak outlook of the tobacco epidemic in the Arab world continues to be faced with complacency in the form of underutilization of surveillance systems to monitor the tobacco epidemic and prioritize action, and failure to implement and enforce effective policies to curb the tobacco epidemic. Understandably, the focus on the Arab world carries the risk of trying to generalize to such a diverse group of countries at different level of economic and political development. Yet, tobacco control in the Arab world faces some shared patterns and common challenges that need to be addressed to advance its cause in this region. In addition, forces that promote tobacco use, such as the tobacco industry, and trends in tobacco use, such as the emerging waterpipe epidemic tend to coalesce around some shared cultural and socio-political features of this region. Generally, available data from Arab countries point at three major trends in the tobacco epidemic: (1) high prevalence of cigarette smoking among Arab men compared with women; (2) the re-emergence of waterpipe (also known as hookah, narghile, shisha, arghile) smoking as a major tobacco use method, especially among youth and (3) the failure of policy to provide an adequate response to the tobacco epidemic. In this review, we will discuss these trends, factors contributing to them, and the way forward for tobacco control in this unstable region. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim, Nakkash,Rima, Bahelah,Raed, Husseini,Abdullatif, Fanous,Nadia, Eissenberg,Thomas Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco modalities used and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an observational report	2012		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Postgrad Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Postgrad.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 88 Issue 1044 Start Page 566 Other Pages 74 Notes ID: 22652700 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract AIM: The authors evaluated the prevalence and effect of the various tobacco use modalities among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and compared them with non-tobacco and ex-tobacco users. METHODS: An analysis of the 2nd Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events conducted between October 2008 and June 2009 and which included 7930 consecutive patients hospitalised with ACS was made. Patients initially were divided into non-tobacco users, ex-tobacco users and current tobacco users. Subanalysis according to the tobacco modality used was subsequently made: cigarette, waterpipe or smokeless tobacco users. RESULTS: Overall, 2834 (36%) patients were current tobacco users, 306 (3.9%) patients were waterpipe smokers and 240 patients (3%) were oral tobacco users. When compared with non-tobacco and ex-tobacco users, overall current tobacco users were younger, more likely to be male subjects and less likely to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Mortality rate (p=0.001) and overall cardiovascular events (p=0.001) were lower among current tobacco users when compared with the other two groups. After adjustment for baseline variables, tobacco use was not an independent predictor of adverse events. Subset analysis demonstrates oral tobacco users and waterpipe smokers were older and more likely to be women when compared with cigarette smokers. Among the various tobacco groups, inhospital mortality rates were significantly higher among the waterpipe smokers when compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of ACS patients depend on the tobacco modality used. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of emerging tobacco use modalities on patients with coronary artery disease. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130178 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al Suwaidi, Jassim, Al Habib, Khalid, Singh,Rajvir, Hersi,Ahmad, Al Nemer, Khalid, Asaad,Nidal, Al Saif, Shukri, Al-Motarreb, Ahmed, Almahmeed,Wael, Sulaiman,Kadhim, Amin,Haitham, Al-Lawati, Jawad, Al Bustani, Nizar, Al-Sagheer, Norah, Ali,Waleed M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2013-2014	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jul Volume 65 Issue 27 Start Page 685 Other Pages 691 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 27416365 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6527a1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27416365 Abstract While significant declines in cigarette smoking have occurred among U.S. adults during the past 5 decades, the use of emerging tobacco products* has increased in recent years (1-3). To estimate tobacco use among U.S. adults aged >/=18 years, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). During 2013-2014, 21.3% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day or some days, and 25.5% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day, some days, or rarely. Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking, during 2013-2014, cigarettes remained the most commonly used tobacco product among adults. Young adults aged 18-24 years reported the highest prevalence of use of emerging tobacco products, including water pipes/hookahs and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Furthermore, racial/ethnic and sociodemographic differences in the use of any tobacco product were observed, with higher use reported among males; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanics of other races(dagger); persons aged Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hu,S.S., Neff,L., Agaku,I.T., Cox,S., Day,H.R., Holder-Hayes,E., King,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160715 PMCID Editors
Tobacco product use among adults--United States, 2012-2013	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume 63 Issue 25 Start Page 542 Other Pages 547 Notes LR: 20140819; JID: 7802429; EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jul 4;63(26):576; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 24964880 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6325a3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24964880 Abstract Despite significant declines in cigarette smoking among U.S. adults over the past five decades, progress has slowed in recent years, and the prevalence of use of other tobacco products such as cigars and smokeless tobacco has not changed. Additionally, the prevalence of use of emerging products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), has rapidly increased. This report provides the most recent national estimates of tobacco use among adults aged >/=18 years, using data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). The findings indicate that 21.3% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day or some days, and 25.2% used a tobacco product every day, some days, or rarely. Population-level interventions focused on the diversity of tobacco product use, including tobacco price increases, high-impact antitobacco mass media campaigns, comprehensive smoke-free laws, and enhanced access to help quitting, in conjunction with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of tobacco products, are critical to reducing tobacco-related diseases and deaths in the United States. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Agaku,I.T., King,B.A., Husten,C.G., Bunnell,R., Ambrose,B.K., Hu,S.S., Holder-Hayes,E., Day,H.R., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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