WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
The sociodemographic pattern of tobacco cessation in the 1980s: results from a panel study of living condition surveys in Sweden	1996	Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sundbyberg, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of epidemiology and community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Epidemiol.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 50 Issue 6 Start Page 625 Other Pages 630 Notes LR: 20130918; JID: 7909766; OID: NLM: PMC1060378; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0143-005X; 0143-005X Accession Number PMID: 9039380 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9039380 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors that determined whether or not people were successful in quitting tobacco during the 1980s in Sweden. DESIGN: A logistic regression model was used for the analyses and included: education, marital status, socioeconomic group, social network, physical activities, cigarette consumption, and years spent smoking as independent variables. Men and women were analysed separately for smoking. A specific univariate analysis was also performed for men who used snuff. SETTING: Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 5104 randomised people aged 16-84 years was interviewed in 1980-81 and followed up in 1988-89 in the survey of living conditions undertaken by Statistics Sweden. The participation rate was 86%. The panel included 1546 men and women who were daily smokers. There were 418 daily users of snuff among the men, and 129 men both smoked and used snuff. MAIN RESULTS: Together 26% of women and 23% of men had quit smoking. Five percent in both groups were new smokers. Among men, 26% had quit using snuff and 5% had begun smoking. New snuff users among men were 5%. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried men kept smoking at significantly higher rates (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2,3.6), as did those men who smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.4), or more than 20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4,5.7). Among women, smoking 11-20 cigarettes/day was also a significant factor (OR 3.3; 95% CI 2.1,5.0). Men and women aged 25-44 were significantly more likely to continue smoking (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1,3.7, and 2.2; 95% CI 1.2,4.4) as were those who had smoked for 20 years or more (OR 4.7; 95% CI 2.0,10.8 and OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1,5.5, respectively). For women, low education (up to grade 9) was also a significant factor (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2,5.1). Among men who had quit using snuff we did not find any values of significance. CONCLUSIONS: One in four smokers had quit during the 1980s and a few started smoking (5%). Some men quit smoking and started using snuff instead. For both sexes, the daily consumption of cigarettes, years spent smoking, and age were the most important determinants of successful quitting. In men, being married/ cohabiting was an important factor as was higher education in women. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Plants, Toxic, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden/epidemiology, Time Factors, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tillgren,P., Haglund,B. J., Lundberg,M., Romelsjo,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1060378 Editors
The spatial distribution of pollutants in pipe-scale of large-diameter pipelines in a drinking water distribution system	2016	College of Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Tia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of hazardous materials Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hazard.Mater. Pub Date Free Form 5-Nov Volume 317 Issue Start Page 27 Other Pages 35 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 9422688; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/15 [received]; 2016/05/12 [revised]; 2016/05/14 [accepted]; 2016/05/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3336; 0304-3894 Accession Number PMID: 27244696 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.048 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27244696 Abstract In large-diameter drinking water pipelines, spatial differences in hydraulic and physiochemical conditions may also result in spatial variations in pipe corrosion, biofilm growth and pollutant accumulation. In this article, the spatial distributions of various metals and organic contaminants in two 19-year-old grey cast iron pipes which had an internal diameter of 600mm (DN600), were investigated and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, X-ray Diffraction, etc. The spatial distribution of heavy metals varied significantly across the pipe section, and iron, manganese, lead, copper, and chromium were highest in concentration in the upper portion pipe-scales. However, the highest aluminum and zinc content was detected in the lower portion pipe-scales. Apart from some common types of hydrocarbons formed by microbial metabolites, there were also some microalgae metabolites and exogenous contaminants accumulated in pipe-scale, which also exhibited high diversity between different spatial locations. The spatial distributions of the physical and chemical properties of pipe-scale and contaminants were quite different in large-diameter pipes. The finding put forward higher requirements on the research method about drinking water distribution system chemical safety. And the scientific community need understand trend and dynamics of drinking water pipe systems better. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Liu,J., Chen,H., Yao,L., Wei,Z., Lou,L., Shan,Y., Endalkachew,S.D., Mallikarjuna,N., Hu,B., Zhou,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160517 PMCID Editors
The spring-fall variations in the prevalence of environmental mycobacteria in drinking water supply system	1995	Kubalek, I., 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Central European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Cent.Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 3 Issue 3 Start Page 146 Other Pages 148 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1210-7778 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The fluctuation in the prevalence of environmental mycobacteria in relation to nutritional conditions in nature was repeatedly described in literature. The seasonal difference in potable water supply system had not yet been documented. Potable water samples from water supply systems of 16 localities were analyzed. The samples of running water, and tap swabs or tap scrapings were collected twice a year, in the spring and in the autumn. McNemar's test was used to analyze the difference of the occurrence of environmental mycobacteria between the vernal and the autumnal samples. A significant change in the presence of environmental mycobacteria in the potable water supply system was observed: the vernal samples yielded more positive results. This finding supports other observations of superficial water. We infer that this effect in potable water supply system may be caused by the change in temperature. Contamination rates were similar with no statistically significant difference between running water samples and that of swabs or scrapings. No time trend in the period 1984 - 1989 in the prevalence of myobacteria was detected. Direct microscopy showed massive colonisation with environmental mycobacteria of potable water supply system. Public health consequences of these findings should be further evaluated, as colonisation of water pipes can be associated with outbreaks of mycobacterial disease in immunocompromised patients. These has been also an increase in the incidence of mycobacterioses in North Moravian Region in recent years. Descriptors drinking water, article, Czechoslovakia, mycobacteriosis, seasonal variation Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kubalek,I., Komenda,S., Mysak,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The sulphur:nitrogen ratio of conifer foliage in relation to atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide	1977	Dept. Forestry Natural Resources, Univ. Edinburgh	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Plant and Soil Periodical, Abbrev. Plant Soil Pub Date Free Form 1977/ Volume 47 Issue 1 Start Page 89 Other Pages 102 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0032-079X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The S:N ratio of the current foliage of two commonly planted conifers, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined for areas known to have unpolluted atmospheres. The mean values of the ratio (0.034 and 0.028 respectively) were used to compare similar foliage from a) an industrialised area, and b) a series of transects radiating from a brickworks chimney. The established ratios were used to predict foliar S concentrations and the greater amounts found were ascribed to foliar absorption of atmospheric S. The 'excess' S was negatively related to distance from the supposed source, and also to needle weight which itself was positively related to distance. It is concluded that this measure derived from the S:N ratio is theoretically and practically a more sensitive indicator of the accumulation of S in conifer foliage exposed to atmospheric pollution than the analysis for elemental S or the SO4-ion alone. Descriptors nitrogen, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid derivative, unclassified drug, plant, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Malcolm,D. C., Garforth,M. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The tobacco epidemic in Syria	2006		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page i24 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 16723671 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) was established in response to the smoking epidemic in Syria and lack of local knowledge and expertise to confront it. OBJECTIVES: To (1) study tobacco use and local smoking practices using both qualitative and quantitative research methods; (2) develop and test an effective smoking cessation intervention for the Syrian environment; and (3) train Syrian researchers. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Aleppo Household Survey involved a representative sample of adults in Aleppo (2038 subjects, 45.2% men, mean age 35.3 years, response rate 86%). The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 56.9% among men and 17.0% among women, while the prevalence of waterpipe smoking was 20.2% among men and 4.8% among women. Daily use predominated for cigarettes (29.0%), while the opposite was seen in waterpipe use with 10.6% smoking occasionally. Interest in quitting was greater for cigarette than waterpipe smokers (74.0% v 48.6%), while quit rates were higher for waterpipe compared to cigarettes (28.2% v 16.5%). In-depth ethnographic interviews with smokers show that smoking waterpipe is often viewed as an aesthetic enjoyable experience, while smoking cigarettes is viewed as a mundane anxiety-relieving addiction. Clinical laboratory studies reveal that both waterpipe and cigarette smokers in Syria are exposed to smoke toxicants and exhibit dependence symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: All these data have been used iteratively to adapt smoking cessation interventions from developed countries to suit the local Syrian environment. Research conducted in the SCTS to date has provided a fertile training ground for Syrian researchers, as well as for the building of regional collaborations. Descriptors Public Health, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Aged, Disease Outbreaks, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, Health Policy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking Cessation/methods, Syria/epidemiology Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563543/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T., Rastam,S., Asfar,T., Mzayek,F., Fouad,M. F., Hammal,F., Mock,J., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The use and perception of electronic cigarettes and snus among the U.S. population	2013	Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page e79332 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; GR: U01 CA154280/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 CA154280/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3824062; 2013 [ecollection]; 2012/07/16 [received]; 2013/10/01 [accepted]; 2013/10/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24250756 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079332 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24250756 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes have generated controversy in the tobacco control field similar to that of Swedish snus, which came to the U.S. market six years earlier. Some argue that e-cigarettes have great potential to help smokers quit regular cigarettes while others contend they should be banned for lack of safety and efficacy data. This study examined population data from the U.S. METHODS: A U.S. population survey with a national probability sample (N=10,041) was conducted (February 24 to March 8, 2012, before any major paid advertisement of e-cigarettes appeared on television). Survey respondents were asked if they had heard about e-cigarettes, where they had heard about them, whether they had used e-cigarettes or snus, how often they used them, and why they used them. Responses were weighted to represent the entire U.S. population. FINDINGS: A high proportion, 75.4%, reported having heard about e-cigarettes. Television ranked as the number one source of information, followed by "in-person conversation" and "Internet." About 8.1% had tried e-cigarettes, and 1.4% were current users. These rates were twice those of snus (4.3% and 0.8%, respectively). Among current smokers, 32.2% had tried e-cigarettes, and 6.3% were current users. Over 80% of current e-cigarette users were non-daily users. Women were significantly more likely to have tried e-cigarettes than men. Those who had tried e-cigarettes were more likely than those who tried snus to report their products being safer than regular cigarettes (49.9% vs. 10.8%). Almost half (49.5%) of current smokers were susceptible to using e-cigarettes in the future. CONCLUSIONS: That e-cigarettes have surpassed snus in adoption rate, even before any promotion by major tobacco companies, suggests that the former have tapped into smokers' intuitive preference for potentially harm-reducing products, probably due to the product design. E-cigarette use is likely to increase in the next few years. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhu,S.H., Gamst,A., Lee,M., Cummins,S., Yin,L., Zoref,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131024 PMCID PMC3824062 Editors
The use of allograft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein for instrumented atlantoaxial fusions	2014	Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Neurological Surg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World neurosurgery Periodical, Abbrev. World Neurosurg. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 82 Issue 6 Start Page 1369 Other Pages 1373 Notes LR: 20160519; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 101528275; 0 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2); 0 (Recombinant Proteins); 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta); 0 (recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2); CIN: World Neurosurg. 2014 Dec;82(6):1050-1. PMID: 2 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1878-8769; 1878-8750 Accession Number PMID: 23336983 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.01.083 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23336983 Abstract BACKGROUND: Iliac crest autograft is the historic gold standard for bone grafting, but is associated with a significant patient morbidity. Fusion rates of C1-C2 up to 88.9% using allograft and 96.7% using autologous iliac crest bone graft can be achieved when combined with rigid screw fixation. We sought to determine our fusion rate when combining allograft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP2) and rigid screw fixation. METHODS: We reviewed our experience using allograft, bone morphogenetic protein (rh-BMP2) and screw fixation of C1-C2 in 52 patients and examined indications, surgical technique, fusion rates, and complications. In 28 patients, corticocancellous allograft pieces were laid along decorticated bone after a C2 neurectomy was performed. In 24 patients, unicortical iliac crest allograft was precision-cut to fit between the C1 lamina and C2 spinous processes. RESULTS: Fifty-two C1-C2 fusions were performed with allograft, rh-BMP2, and rigid screw fixation. There were 25 female and 27 male patients ranging in age from 6 to 92 years (mean, 65.8 years). Operative indications included trauma (56%), degenerative disease (21%), rheumatoid arthritis (15%), congenital anomalies (6%), and synovial cyst (2%). The mean follow-up was 23.9 +/- 2.1 months (range, 2-55 months). The mean dose of rh-BMP2 used for all patients was 4.5 mg (range, 2.2-12 mg). In patients who achieved sufficient follow-up, 100% achieved solid fusion: 45/50 Lenke A, 5/50 Lenke B. There were no known complications attributable to the use of rh-BMP2. CONCLUSIONS: The use of small doses of rh-BMP2 added to allograft in addition to rigid screw fixation is a safe and highly effective means of promoting a solid fusion of the atlantoaxial complex and spares the patient the morbidity of iliac crest harvest. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Hood,B., Hamilton,D.K., Smith,J.S., Dididze,M., Shaffrey,C., Levi,A.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130119 PMCID Editors
The Use of Fluorescence Technology versus Visual and Tactile Examination in the Detection of Oral Lesions: A Pilot Study	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists' Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Dent.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 89 Issue 1 Start Page 63 Other Pages 71 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8902616; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1553-0205; 1043-254X Accession Number PMID: 25690067 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D DOI 89/1/63 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25690067 Abstract PURPOSE: This study compared the effectiveness of the VELscope(R) Vx versus visual and tactile intraoral examination in detecting oral lesions in an adult, high risk population. METHODS: The pilot study compared the intra oral findings between 2 examination types. The sample was comprised of 30 participants who were addicted to either cigarettes or a dual addiction (cigarettes plus hookah). High risk population was defined as males who were current cigarette smokers or had a dual addiction. Two trained and experienced licensed dental hygienists conducted all examinations. Throughout the study, all visual and tactile intraoral examinations were conducted first by one dental hygienist first, followed by the VELscope(R) Vx fluorescence examinations by the second dental hygienist. All subjects received an inspection of the lips, labial and buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, dorsal, ventral and lateral sides of the tongue, hard and soft palate, and visual inspection of the oropharynx and uvula. Both evaluations took place in 1 visit in the Dental Hygiene Research Center at Old Dominion University and external sites. All participants received oral cancer screening information, recommendations, referrals for tobacco cessation programs and brochures on the 2 types of examinations conducted. RESULTS: Participants were considered high risk based on demographics (current smokers and mostly males). Neither visual and tactile intraoral examination nor the VELscope(R) Vx examination showed positive lesions. No lesions were detected; therefore, no referrals were made. Data indicated the duration of tobacco use was significantly higher in cigarette smokers (14.1 years) than dual addiction smokers (5 years) (p>0.005). The average numbers of cigarettes smoked per day were 13.5 compared to 14.2 cigarettes for dual addiction smokers. CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest the visual and tactile intraoral examination produced comparative results to the VELscope(R) Vx examination. Findings from this study support that the VELscope(R) Vx is still considered an adjunct technology and cannot be used exclusively for oral cancer screening. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The American Dental Hygienists' Association Data Source Authors Ayoub,H.M., Newcomb,T.L., McCombs,G.B., Bonnie,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The use of individual tree statistics to quantify effects in an 'acid mist' experiment with mature trees	1995	Cape, J.N., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 85 Issue 3 Start Page 1367 Other Pages 1372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature trees of a single clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) growing in the field were exposed to simulated acid mist at pH 2.5 over three successive years. The growth of each tree in the acid mist treatment, in terms of the stem area increment, was related to the pattern of growth of the untreated trees at the site during 1991 and 1992. In 1993, the effects of stopping the acid mist treatment on half of the treated trees was investigated by comparing the actual growth against that predicted relative to the untreated trees on the basis of the previous years' data. The prediction of growth from one year to the next was consistently too small for the smallest acid-misted trees, suggesting that the growth rates relative to the untreated trees were increasing with time. Relative to the trees which continued to receive acid mist, however, the smaller trees which received no further acid mist in 1993 grew les than predicted, but there was a significantly greater growth than predicted for the largest 'recovering' trees. Results from the individual tree modelling approach showed that a 10% change in relative stem area increment would be detectable at the 5% level, using a block of 4 trees as a treatment unit. The statistical techniques used are alternatives to conventional ANOVA calculations in determining statistically significant treatment effects where numbers of replicates are small. Descriptors acid rain, acidification, conference paper, nonhuman, plant growth, simulation, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Sheppard,L. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The variable roads to sacrifice: Isotopic investigations of human remains from Chotuna-Huaca de los Sacrificios, Lambayeque, Peru	2013	Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3998, USA. bturnerlivermore@gsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 151 Issue 1 Start Page 22 Other Pages 37 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0400654; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 68238-35-7 (Keratins); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 2012/10/11 [received]; 2013/01/14 [accepted]; 2013/02/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 23440681 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22238 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23440681 Abstract This study investigates two key variables-residential context and subsistence-among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450-1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru. We investigate whether aspects of sacrifice in this distant coastal province mirrored that found in Inca heartland contexts such as the capacocha, or remained more typical of coastal sacrificial traditions. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values were characterized in bone carbonate, bone collagen, and hair keratin to estimate geographic residence during the decade before death and diet in the decade, versus months, before death. Bone delta18 Ocarbonate values have a mean (+/-SD) of 26.8 +/- 1.1%, bone delta13 Ccarbonate values -6.7 +/- 1.7%, and bone delta(13) Ccollagen values 11.8 +/- 1.3%; bone delta15 Ncollagen values have a mean of 11.5 +/- 1.3%. Combined hair delta13 Ckeratin values have a mean of -12.8 +/- 1.6%, and hair delta15 Nkeratin values 10.8 +/- 1.3%. In contrast to contemporaneous coastal and highland contexts, we are unable to identify immigrants among the sacrificed individuals or changes in diet that indicate provisioning with a standardized diet leading up to death. Instead, results suggest that victims were local to the area, but consumed moderately variable diets consistent with local subsistence patterns. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of human sacrifice in the Late Horizon and underscore the regional and temporal variation in sacrificial practices in the central Andes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Turner,B.L., Klaus,H.D., Livengood,S.V., Brown,L.E., Saldana,F., Wester,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130226 PMCID Editors

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