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The re-shaping of the life-world: male British Bangladeshi smokers and the English smoke-free legislation	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethn Health Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 6 Start Page 519 Other Pages 33 Notes ID: 21671202 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore how male Bangladeshi smokers adapted to the English smoke-free legislation. DESIGN: We draw on data derived from the Evaluation of Smoke-free England (ESME), a qualitative, longitudinal study conducted between 2007 and 2008 in two English metropolitan areas. Repeat interviews (n = 34) were conducted before and after the legislation with 15 male Bangladeshi panel informants and from two focus groups: one with Bangladeshi men and the other with Bangladeshi women. RESULTS: Bangladeshi smokers who participated in this study had largely accommodated to the smoke-free legislation and most had reduced their consumption of cigarettes, albeit to a modest degree. However, at the same time some Bangladeshi smokers appeared to have increased their use of shisha, a popular alternative method of smoking tobacco in this community. Smoke-free legislation also had an impact on the social and cultural forces that shape smoking behaviour in this group. In particular, family homes continued to be a key space where tobacco is consumed, although the legislation may have helped to shift the balance in favour of forces that oppose smoking and against enduring cultural pro-smoking norms. Smoking in public was also less socially acceptable, especially in the vicinity of local mosques and at community events. In some older groups, however, smoking remains a deeply embedded social habit which can undermine smokers' efforts to quit. CONCLUSION: For maximum impact, tobacco control interventions aimed at whole populations may need to be supplemented by culturally sensitive measures in local areas where there is a high concentration of Bangladeshi people. Similar considerations may apply to other minority communities with a high prevalence of smoking. Descriptors Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence, Men&apos, s Health/statistics & numerical data, Smoking Cessation/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Bangladesh/ethnology, Culture, Focus Groups, Great Britain/epidemiology, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Qualitative Research, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking/prevention & control Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2011.578734 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Highet,Gill, Ritchie,Deborah, Platt,Stephen, Amos,Amanda, Hargreaves,Katrina, Martin,Claudia, White,Martin Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relation between coronary lesion distribution and risk factors in young adults	2009	Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 9 Issue 2 Start Page 91 Other Pages 95 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101095069; 0 (Lipoprotein(a)); 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 1308-0032; 1302-8723 Accession Number PMID: 19357049 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19357049 Abstract OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, we aimed to evaluate classical and novel risk factors in young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the relation between coronary risk factors and coronary lesion distribution. METHODS: Fifty-three patients under age of 45 years with severe coronary artery stenosis on angiography (group A) and age matched sixty patients having normal or non-critical stenosis on coronary angiography (group B) comprised the study groups. Conventional (smoking, family history, diabetes, hypertension) and novel risk factors (lipoprotein (a), homocysteine) were compared between the groups. Moreover, the relation between risk factors, and coronary lesions distribution, including left main artery (LMA) or proximal or mid left anterior descending (LAD) artery and remaining coronary lesions was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to define confounding factors predicting severe CAD and coronary lesion distribution and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of independent factors, which were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Smoking was more prevalent in group A compared to group B. Lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine levels were also higher in group A than group B. For group A and B median (max-min) values of lipoprotein (a) were 34 (2-174) mg/dl and 38 (2-203) mg/dl (p=0.038), respectively and homocysteine levels were 12.3 (5-56.6) micromol/L and 9 (1.4-19) micromol/L (p=0.012), respectively. Smoking and homocysteine were independent predictors of severe CAD in young patients according to logistic regression analysis with an Odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI=1.572-8.763; p=0.002) and 1.2 (95% CI=1.045-1.341; p=0.008), respectively. For predicting significant CAD the cut-off value of homocysteine was 11.6 micromol/L with a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 77%, respectively (AUC=0.637; 95% CI=0.542-0.725; p=0.008). Within group analysis in group A patients revealed that only homocysteine was an independent predictor of LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesion presence with an odds ratio of 1.2 (95% CI=1.011-1.465; p=0.016). ROC curve analysis revealed a cut-off value of 12 micromol/L in predicting LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 91%, respectively (AUC=0.735; 95% CI=0.594-0.850; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that young patients with severe CAD had different risk profile with higher frequency of smoking and increased levels of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine. While smoking status and homocysteine may be used for prediction of severe CAD in young individuals, only homocysteine predicted coronary lesion distribution in LMA and proximal or mid-LAD. Descriptors Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/radiography, Case-Control Studies, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Stenosis/radiography, Coronary Vessels/pathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Homocysteine/blood, Humans, Lipoprotein(a)/blood, Logistic Models, Male, ROC Curve, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koz,C., Celebi,H., Yokusoglu,M., Baysan,O., Hasimi,A., Serdaroglu,M., Uzun,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relation between tobacco taxes and youth and young adult smoking: what happened following the 2009 U.S. federal tax increase on cigarettes?	2015	Department of Economics, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States.; Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and P	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 45 Issue Start Page 104 Other Pages 109 Notes LR: 20160601; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; HHSPA745633; OID: NLM: HHSPA745633; OID: NLM: PMC4700509; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/15 [received]; 2014/12/17 [revised]; 2015/01/12 [accepted]; 2015/01/19 [ahead Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25658771 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25658771 Abstract BACKGROUND: On April 1, 2009, the federal government raised cigarette taxes from $0.39 to $1.01 per pack. This study examines the impact of this increase on a range of smoking behaviors among youth aged 12 to 17 and young adults aged 18 to 25. METHODS: Data from the 2002-2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to estimate the impact of the tax increase on five smoking outcomes: (1) past year smoking initiation, (2) past-month smoking, (3) past year smoking cessation, (4) number of days cigarettes were smoked during the past month, and (5) average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Each model included individual and state-level covariates and other tobacco control policies that coincided with the tax increase. We examined the impact overall and by race and gender. RESULTS: The odds of smoking initiation decreased for youth after the tax increase (odds ratio (OR)=0.83, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors van Hasselt,M., Kruger,J., Han,B., Caraballo,R.S., Penne,M.A., Loomis,B., Gfroerer,J.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150119 PMCID PMC4700509 Editors
The relation of self-esteem and illegal drug usage in high school students	2013	Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.; Addiction Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.; Sarakhs Health Network, Mashhad University of Medical Scien	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Red Crescent medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Iran.Red Crescent Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 15 Issue 11 Start Page e7682 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140414; JID: 101319850; OID: NLM: PMC3971778; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/08/10 [received]; 2013/08/23 [revised]; 2013/09/18 [accepted]; 2013/11/05 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United Arab Emirates ISSN/ISBN 2074-1804; 2074-1804 Accession Number PMID: 24719686 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.5812/ircmj.7682 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24719686 Abstract BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the period of stress and strain. Researchers have shown that adolescents without strong social supports would have tendency towards smoking and drug abuse. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between low self-esteem and illegal drug abuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 943 grades nine to 12 high school students, from Sarakhs during 2010 - 2011. Adolescents participated in the study, completed two self-report questionnaires. The first questionnaire included questions about individual and family information, smoking and illegal drug abuse history, and the second was the Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. RESULTS: 53.8% of participants were male (507 individuals). The mean Rosenberg self-esteem score was 19.8 + 5.2, and the most frequent obtained scores were from 22 to 30. The difference of Rosenberg self-esteem score test between students who did not use any substance and those who had a history of smoking or drug abuse like heroin, pills, alcohols, betel nut (Nas) and other drugs (such as Pan and Hookah) was significant (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khajehdaluee,M., Zavar,A., Alidoust,M., Pourandi,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131105 PMCID PMC3971778 Editors
The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications with Barrett's esophagus	1997	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 92 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 31 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: P30 DK34987/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 DK07634/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0421030; CIN: Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Jan;92(1):1-3. PMID: 8995929; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 8995932 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8995932 Abstract BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by a columnar epithelium with malignant potential. Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is accepted as the primary risk factor for the development of Barrett's esophagus, but only a small fraction of individuals with GERD develop Barrett's esophagus. We sought to identify factors that increase the risk of Barrett's esophagus in those with GERD. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this matched case-control study was to investigate possible clinical risk factors for Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: The study was based on 79 case patients with Barrett's esophagus and 180 control patients. Each case patient was matched to one control patient whose indication for endoscopy was GERD and one control patient who underwent endoscopy for other indications. The case and control patients were matched for age, gender, and race. All patients underwent endoscopy at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, between July 1992 and August 1994. RESULTS: On average, patients with Barrett's esophagus developed reflux symptoms at an earlier age than age- and gender-matched control patients and also had a longer duration of symptoms. Complications of reflux, including esophagitis, stricture, and ulceration, were reported significantly more frequently in the group of case patients than either group of control patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study indicate that age of onset, duration of symptoms, and complications of GERD may be markers of increased risk of Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Age of Onset, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eisen,G. M., Sandler,R. S., Murray,S., Gottfried,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relationship between maximal expiratory flow and increases of maximal exercise capacity with exercise training	1997	Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, TX 75231, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 156 Issue 1 Start Page 116 Other Pages 121 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: AG-11805/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9421642; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1073-449X; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 9230734 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9511021 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9230734 Abstract We previously reported that patients with mild to moderate airflow limitation have a lower exercise capacity than age-matched controls with normal lung function, but the mechanism of this reduction remains unclear (1). Although the reduced exercise capacity appeared consistent with deconditioning, the patients had altered breathing mechanics during exercise, which raised the possibility that the reduced exercise capacity and the altered breathing mechanics may have been causally related. Reversal of reduced exercise capacity by an adequate exercise training program is generally accepted as evidence of deconditioning as the cause of the reduced exercise capacity. We studied 11 asymptomatic volunteer subjects (58 +/- 8 yr of age [mean +/- SD]) selected to have a range of lung function (FEV1 from 61 to 114% predicted, with a mean of 90 +/- 18% predicted). Only one subject had an FEV1 of less than 70% predicted. Gas exchange and lung mechanics were measured during both steady-state and maximal exercise before and after training for 30 min/d on 3 d/wk for 10 wk, beginning at the steady-state workload previously determined to be the maximum steady-state exercise level that subjects could sustain for 30 min without exceeding 90% of their observed maximal heart rate (HR). The training workload was increased if the subject's HR decreased during the training period. After 10 wk, subjects performed another steady-state exercise test at the initial pretraining level, and another maximal exercise test. HR decreased significantly between the first and second steady-state exercise tests (p < 0.05), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilation increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the incremental test, indicating a training effect. However, the training effect did not occur in all subjects. Relationships between exercise parameters and lung function were examined by regression against FEV1 expressed as percent predicted. There was a significant positive correlation between VO2max percent predicted and FEV1 percent predicted (p < 0.02), and a negative correlation between FEV1 and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) at maximal exercise (p < 0.03). There was no significant correlation between FEV1 and maximal HR achieved during exercise; moreover, all subjects achieved a maximal HR in excess of 80% predicted, suggesting a cardiovascular limitation to exercise. These data do not support the hypothesis that the lower initial VO2max in the subjects with a reduced FEV1 was due to deconditioning. Although increased EELV at maximal exercise, reduced VO2max and a reduced VO2max response with training are all statistically associated with a reduced FEV1, there is no direct evidence of causality. Descriptors Case-Control Studies, Exercise Tolerance, Forced Expiratory Volume, Functional Residual Capacity, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/physiopathology, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Ventilation, Vital Capacity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Babb,T. G., Long,K. A., Rodarte,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relationship between nicotine dependence scores and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers	2011	Altria Client Services, Research Development and Engineering, 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA. raheema.s.muhammadkah@altria.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP Periodical, Abbrev. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 60 Issue 1 Start Page 79 Other Pages 83 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8214983; 0 (Biomarkers); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2010/11/24 [received]; 2011/02/15 [revised]; 2011/02/16 [accepted]; 2011/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0295; 0273-2300 Accession Number PMID: 21342662 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.02.008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21342662 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence is a multidimensional phenomenon. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely administered six-item questionnaire used as a measure of nicotine dependence. It has been suggested that this test may not represent the entire spectrum of factors related to dependence. Also the relationship of this test with biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke has not been extensively studied. METHODS: Data from a multi-center, cross-sectional, ambulatory study of US adult smokers (the Total Exposure Study, TES) was analyzed. The FTND score and a number of additional questions related to smoking behavior, from an adult smoker questionnaire (ASQ) completed by 3585 adult smokers in the TES were analyzed. The 24-h urine nicotine equivalents, serum cotinine and blood carboxyhemoglobin were measured as biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to nicotine and carbon monoxide. Cigarette butts returned were collected during the 24-h urine collection period. RESULTS: The FTND showed moderate correlations with BOE, while selected questions from ASQ although statistically significant, had weaker correlations. FTND scores showed substantially weaker correlations without the question about cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). CPD and time to first cigarette (TTFC) had the most impact on BOE. CONCLUSION: Additional questions from ASQ did not appear to contribute towards refining the FTND test. The correlation of the FTND scores with nicotine and carbon monoxide seems to be primarily driven by CPD. CPD and TTFC were the most important factors correlating with exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Muhammad-Kah,R.S., Hayden,A.D., Liang,Q., Frost-Pineda,K., Sarkar,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110220 PMCID Editors
The relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis in women aged 45-70 years	2012	Department of Periodontology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. epepela@dent.uoa.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Dis. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 353 Other Pages 359 Notes CI: (c) 2011; JID: 9508565; 2011/12/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1601-0825; 1354-523X Accession Number PMID: 22151499 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; D DOI 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01881.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22151499 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible relationship between the osteoporotic condition and the severity of periodontitis in women aged 45-70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety women with generalized chronic periodontitis, aged 45-70 years, were studied. Areal bone mineral density (BMDa) was assessed using standardized dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (normal: T-score >/= -1, osteopenic: -2.5 = T-score Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Pepelassi,E., Nicopoulou-Karayianni,K., Archontopoulou,A.D., Mitsea,A., Kavadella,A., Tsiklakis,K., Vrotsos,I., Devlin,H., Horner,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111212 PMCID Editors
The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration and bone mineral density, lipids, and hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal and postmenopausal women	2004	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine School of Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. osmanaga@meds.kut.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of women's health (2002) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Womens Health.(Larchmt) Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 13 Issue 9 Start Page 993 Other Pages 999 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101159262; 0 (Cholesterol, HDL); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Lipids); 0 (Triglycerides); 57B09Q7FJR (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1540-9996; 1540-9996 Accession Number PMID: 15665656 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.993 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15665656 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentration and bone mineral density (BMD), lipids, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-seven women aged >40 years were admitted to the study and divided into three groups: 61 premenopausal normally menstruating women, 108 postmenopausal women who were not receiving HRT, and 58 postmenopausal women receiving HRT. DHEAS levels and lipid patterns were measured. BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) were performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: A positive correlation between DHEAS levels and BMD was found in all three groups. A linear regression model was used to assess the effect of age, body mass index (BMI), parity, and BMD of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) on changes in the serum level of DHEAS and found that aging and BMD at the spine had a significant association with serum level of DHEAS and only aging after adjustment for age, BMI, parity, and lipid patterns among the three groups. Age (RR 0.80), DHEAS (RR 0.98), and osteoporosis/osteopenia rate (RR 24.94) were also found to be independent influencing factors for HRT use. CONCLUSIONS: A positive correlation between DHEAS levels and BMD was found in all three groups. Our study confirms earlier reports that DHEAS levels decrease with age in premenopausal and, especially, postmenopausal women regardless of estrogen treatment. DHEAS levels in postmenopausal women were not associated with atherogenic lipid patterns in the present study. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging/metabolism, Analysis of Variance, Bone Density, Bone and Bones/metabolism, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/blood, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Lipids/blood, Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/etiology/metabolism, Postmenopause/blood/metabolism, Triglycerides/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Osmanagaoglu,M. A., Okumus,B., Osmanagaoglu,T., Bozkaya,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relationship between venue indoor air quality and urinary cotinine levels among semiopen-air cafe employees: what factors determine the level of exposure?	2011	Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery Periodical, Abbrev. J.Aerosol Med.Pulm.Drug Deliv. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 24 Issue 1 Start Page 35 Other Pages 41 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101475057; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2010/10/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1941-2703; 1941-2711 Accession Number PMID: 20961168 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T DOI 10.1089/jamp.2010.0837 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20961168 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is increasingly recognized as an occupational hazard to workers in the service industry. In areas of the world with moderate climates, open windows and doors are assumed to provide a work environment with only marginally increased exposures to SHS. METHODS: We measured indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 50 semiopen air venues in Greece during the summer. Cotinine levels from a nonsmoking employee of each of these venues were measured from a postshift urine sample. RESULTS: In these semiopen-air venues, the mean level of indoor PM 2.5 levels were 113.5 +/- 72.3 mug/m(3). The mean postshift urinary cotinine levels of nonworking workers in these venues was 15 ng/mL. PM2.5 levels were strongly correlated with urinary cotinine concentrations (Spearman's r = 0.914). Linear regression analyses indicated that when taking into account the time of the measurement, the day of the week, for each 1 cigarette/100 m(3) the indoor PM2.5 concentrations increased by 26.6 mug/m(3) [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.6-45.7 mug/m(3), p = 0.007) and urinary cotinine levels of nonsmoking workers increased by 5.0 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.4 to 9.6, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of bars and restaurants with windows and doors open, indoor PM2.5 concentrations were elevated and increased proportionately to the density of smoking. Cotinine levels of nonsmoking employees increased with indoor PM2.5 concentrations, and also with the density of smoking. Open windows and doors do not protect workers from exposure to second-hand smoke. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karabela,M., Vardavas,C.I., Tzatzarakis,M., Tsatsakis,A., Dockery,D., Connolly,G.N., Behrakis,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101020 PMCID Editors

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