WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
The prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking: A systematic review	2018		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 2 Start Page e0192191 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Public Library of Science Data Source google Authors Jawad, Mohammed, Charide, Rana, Waziry, Reem, Darzi, Andrea, Ballout, Rami A, Akl, Elie A Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Prevalence of at Least One-Time Substance Abuse among Kerman Pre-university Male Students	2010	Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; Associate Professor, Departm	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction & health Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Health. Pub Date Free Form Summer-Autumn Volume 2 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 103 Other Pages 110 Notes LR: 20140305; JID: 101582275; OID: NLM: PMC3905513; OTO: NOTNLM; 2010/01/08 [received]; 2011/04/19 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-4633; 2008-4633 Accession Number PMID: 24494108 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24494108 Abstract BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is one of the main health problems in Iran andawareness about its spread and procedure of spread in the society,particularly the susceptible society of students, is very important withregard to the population pyramid of Iran. METHODS: This study was performed by cross-sectional method. The sampling sizewas 610 male students in pre-university grade by a probabilistic clustersampling. Our research instrument was the WHO questionnaire. FINDINGS: The experience of smoking cigarettes was seen in 34.6% of thestudents, 51.5% used hookah, 37.7% drank alcohol, 40.7% used nonprescribedtranquilizers, 10.2% used high-dosage painkillers, 6.6% usedecstasy, 6.7% hashish, 4.9% heroin, 8.7% opium and 9.7% used Pam orchewable tobacco. The first age of experiencing smoking cigarette was 14.0, hookah 13.9,alcohol 14.6, tranquilizers 13.1, high-dosage painkillers 15.3, ecstasy17.0, hashish 16.7, heroin 16.7, opium 16.7 and using chewable tobacco15.3 years. The improper use of ecstasy pills, opium, heroin andchewable tobacco was more in governmental schools compared withnon-profit school centers. There was a relationship between the low educational level of the fatherand consuming alcohol, strong intoxicants, heroin, opium, pam andexcessive use of cigarettes. On the other hand, there was a relationship between the low educationallevel of the mother with using cigarettes, hookah, alcohol, tranquilizers,strong painkillers, ecstasy, heroin, opium, pam and excessive usage of cigarettes. CONCLUSION: According to this study, in spite of the fact that drug abuse is at awarning rate, the tendency toward hookah, tranquilizers and alcohol is noticeable. Descriptors Iran, Kerman, Sbstance abuse, Students Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ziaaddini,H., Sharifi,A., Nakhaee,N., Ziaaddini,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3905513 Editors
The Prevalence of E-cigarette Use in a Sample of U.S. Air Force Recruits	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee. Electronic address: mlittl18@uthsc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Population Sciences, Univers	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 49 Issue 3 Start Page 402 Other Pages 408 Notes LR: 20150824; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: DA 036510-S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA-036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS670017; OID: NLM: NIHMS670017 [Available on 09/01/16]; OI Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 25896193 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25896193 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing markedly in the general population. Yet, remarkably little research exists to examine these ongoing trends in at-risk populations, and nothing is known about the prevalence of e-cigarette use among military personnel. The purpose of the current study is to provide recent (2013-2014) data on the prevalence of regular e-cigarette use in a population of recruits prior to their entry into the U.S. military. METHODS: The study utilized a cross-sectional assessment of e-cigarette and other tobacco and nicotine-containing product (TNCP) use in 2013-2014 among 10,043 U.S. Air Force (USAF) recruits in Technical Training. Chi-square tests, the Cochran-Armitage test for trend, and logistic regression models tested differences and trends across time for e-cigarette use. RESULTS: The rate of e-cigarette use among recruits was 5.2%, which doubled (3% to 6.5%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Little,M.A., Derefinko,K.J., Colvin,L., Ebbert,J.O., Bursac,Z., Talcott,G.W., Richey,P.A., Klesges,R.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150418 PMCID PMC4546868 Editors
The prevalence of onchocerciasis and blindness in the population of the Bong Range, Liberia	1973	Bernhard Nocht Inst. Schiffs- Tropenkrankh., Hamburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Z.TROPENMED.PARASIT. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 339 Other Pages 357 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Among a sample of 1,252 persons from a total population of about 15,000 people of the Kpelleh tribe in the Bong Range area, 783 (63.2%) were carriers of microfilariae of O. volvulus. The infection was determined by a standardized skin biopsy technique (Walser punch). At the age of 16 to 18 yr more than 50% of the population had detectable larvae in the gluteal skin. Among the adult population the male sex showed a significant preponderance of positivity for microfilariae. The number of noninfected 'susceptibles' decreased annually by a factor of 0.92 to 0.925. About one half of a sample of adult subjects revealed microfilariae in the cephalic region. Findings of diminished vision (â‰¤ 6/60) were compared with the microfilarial density in the anterior segment and in the environment of the eyes. The rate of blindness of 1.18% found in the Bong Range was more than twice as high as in onchocerciasis free regions of Liberia. Blindness appeared to be related to onchocerciasis in the majority of cases. The average age of the completely blind was 54 yr, and the onset of blindness could be dated back to an average of 48 yr. In the unilaterally blind the average age was 40 yr. In this group blindness appeared to be less related to onchocerciasis. Among 1,131 subjects a bilaterally impaired vision was found in 8.3%. Together with the unilaterally blind, the total number of persons with visual damage besides the blind was 9.8% of the population sample at Bong Range. Descriptors age, blindness, cornea, diagnosis, epidemiology, filariasis, Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerciasis, sex Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Frentzel Beyme,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The prevalence of smoking among karbala/iraq university students in iraq in 2005	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Use Insights Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue Start Page 9 Other Pages 14 Notes ID: 25741180 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is considered one of the largest public health threats facing the world. The estimated number of current smokers in the world exceeds 1.3 billion, which means that one third of the world's population above 15 years are smokers. Smoking prevalence is increasing in the developing world but monitoring of this trend is poor in these countries. Studies on smoking in Iraq are scarce, with the current smoking prevalence rate reported to be 15-25% for males and 1-10% for females in surveys conducted in the past ten years. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to find the prevalence of smoking among Karbala University students in Iraq and determine its associations with participants' demographic and other related predictors, including other substance use behaviors, to help inform and develop future prevention and control programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A categorical random sample included 2298 students at Karbala University in Iraq who answered a self-completed questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the Drug Abuse Program questionnaire and was piloted before implementation. Descriptive and analytic statistical tools (SPSS-20) were used to assess significant associations at P Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mousawi,Ali Al Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: a systematic review	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue Start Page 244 Other Pages 244 Notes ID: 21504559 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to systematically review the medical literature for the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among the general and specific populations. METHODS: We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science. We selected studies using a two-stage duplicate and independent screening process. We included cohort studies and cross sectional studies assessing the prevalence of use of waterpipe in either the general population or a specific population of interest. Two reviewers used a standardized and pilot tested form to collect data from each eligible study using a duplicate and independent screening process. We stratified the data analysis by country and by age group. The study was not restricted to a specific context. RESULTS: Of a total of 38 studies, only 4 were national surveys; the rest assessed specific populations. The highest prevalence of current waterpipe smoking was among school students across countries: the United States, especially among Arab Americans (12%-15%) the Arabic Gulf region (9%-16%), Estonia (21%), and Lebanon (25%). Similarly, the prevalence of current waterpipe smoking among university students was high in the Arabic Gulf region (6%), the United Kingdom (8%), the United States (10%), Syria (15%), Lebanon (28%), and Pakistan (33%). The prevalence of current waterpipe smoking among adults was the following: Pakistan (6%), Arabic Gulf region (4%-12%), Australia (11% in Arab speaking adults), Syria (9%-12%), and Lebanon (15%). Group waterpipe smoking was high in Lebanon (5%), and Egypt (11%-15%). In Lebanon, 5%-6% pregnant women reported smoking waterpipe during pregnancy. The studies were all cross-sectional and varied by how they reported waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSION: While very few national surveys have been conducted, the prevalence of waterpipe smoking appears to be alarmingly high among school students and university students in Middle Eastern countries and among groups of Middle Eastern descent in Western countries. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Water, Adolescent, Adult, Asia/epidemiology, Australia/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Middle East/epidemiology, Prevalence, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100253/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-244 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Akl,Elie A., Gunukula,Sameer K., Aleem,Sohaib, Obeid,Rawad, Jaoude,Philippe Abou, Honeine,Roland, Irani,Jihad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study	2016	Department of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Reza.Ziaei@miun.se.; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Unit for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Reza.Mo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Behav.Med. Pub Date Free Form 3-Mar Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160305; JID: 9421097; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1532-7558; 1070-5503 Accession Number PMID: 26940816 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1007/s12529-016-9555-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26940816 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlates of waterpipe (WP) smoking among 15-17-year-old high school students in Iran. METHOD: Data were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a self-administrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past 30-day use, and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge, and attitudes were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g., age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking). RESULTS: Of 1517 students, 21.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 19.5, 23.8) were ever WP smokers, and 9.7 % (95 % CI = 8.2, 11.2) were current WP smokers. Of current WP smokers, 40.3 % have stated that they want to stop smoking now. Moreover, 14.1 % of non-WP smokers reported that they might enjoy smoking WP. Of current WP smokers, 49.0 % have smoked at cafes. Additionally, 95.3 % of current WP smokers reported that their age did not prevent them from being served a WP. Studying in high school third grade (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 1.70; 95 % CI [1.10, 2.63]), experience of cigarette smoking (AORs = 1.57; 95 % CI [1.12, 2.20]), and being prepared to accept a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 3.31; 95 % CI [2.17, 5.04]) were independently associated with ever WP smoking, and accepting a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 4.36; 95 % CI [2.69, 7.07]) and gender (female) (AORs = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.30, 0.70] were independently associated with current WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of current and ever WP smoking is high in Tabriz. There is an urgent need to design interventions in order to increase students' and their parents' awareness regarding the harmfulness of WP, and to establish legal measures to restrict adolescents' access to WPs and tobacco in society. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ziaei,R., Mohammadi,R., Dastgiri,S., Viitasara,E., Rahimi,V.A., Jeddi,A., Soares,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160303 PMCID Editors
The prevalence, correlates and reasons for using electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adults	2015	Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box 2142, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.li@hpa.org.nz.; Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box 2142, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. Electronic address: r.newcombe@hpa.org.nz.; Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 45 Issue Start Page 245 Other Pages 251 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/23 [received]; 2015/01/21 [revised]; 2015/02/11 [accepted]; 2015/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25744712 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25744712 Abstract INTRODUCTION: There is strong interest in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) globally. This paper is the first to report population-based data on ever-use and current use of e-cigarettes among New Zealand adults. The paper also extends previous international studies by exploring the reasons for trying e-cigarettes, ever users' recall of brand(s) they have ever tried, and current users' recall of their current brand. METHODS: The Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS) is a biennial face-to-face in-house survey of New Zealand adults aged 15 years or over. In 2014, 2594 participants completed the survey. RESULTS: Ever-use and current use of e-cigarettes were 13.1% and 0.8% respectively. Tobacco smoking status predicted the use of e-cigarettes, with current smokers reporting the highest rate of use (50% ever-use and 4% current use). Among current smokers who had tried an e-cigarette, curiosity (49%) and desire to quit smoking (37%) were the most common reasons for trying. About half of the ever-users could not name any of the brand(s) they had ever tried, and one-fifth of current users could not name their current brand. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other countries, New Zealand has a high rate of ever-use. Among current smokers, one in two had tried an e-cigarette. However, progression to regular use appears to be rare. The finding that 18% of current e-cigarette users could not name their current brand highlights the importance of investigating users' knowledge of e-cigarettes in general and assessing the factors that influence brand choice such as advertising, price, and accessibility. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Li,J., Newcombe,R., Walton,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150220 PMCID Editors
The Protective Effect of Selenium on Oxidative Stress Induced by Waterpipe (Narghile) Smoke in Lungs and Liver of Mice	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: 27178166 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language ENG SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking is common in the Middle East populations and results in health problems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure of mice to waterpipe smoke on oxidative stress in lungs and liver and the effects of selenium administration before smoke exposure on the oxidative stress. Twenty-four mice were divided equally into four groups: (i) the control mice received no exposure or treatment; (ii) mice exposed to waterpipe smoke; (iii) mice received intraperitoneal injection of 0.59Â Âµg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite 15Â min before the exposure to waterpipe smoke; and (iv) mice received intraperitoneal injection of 1.78Â Âµg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite 15Â min before the exposure to waterpipe smoke. Mice were exposed to waterpipe smoke every other day for four times within 8 successive days. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the lungs and liver, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and catalase were significantly lower in the waterpipe smoke group when compared to control mice. Treating mice with 1.78Â Âµg selenium/kg body weight significantly restored the normal levels of these parameters. Histological examinations of lungs and liver confirmed the protective actions of selenium against the effects of exposure to waterpipe smoke. In conclusion, exposure of mice to waterpipe smoke-induced oxidative stress in lungs and liver. Administration of low level of selenium, 1.78Â Âµg selenium/kg body weight as sodium selenite, exerted protective effects against oxidative stress induced by exposure to waterpipe smoke. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-27178166 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Charab,Mohamad A., Abouzeinab,Noura S., Moustafa,Mohamed E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 2. The epidemiological investigation	1980	Queensland Dept. Hlth, Brisbane 4000	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. BULL.WHO Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 58 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 1977 the first case of cholera known to be contracted in Australia during the seventh pandemic occurred in southeastern Queensland. Toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, serotype Inaba, phage-type 2, were obtained from the index case, a companion of the patient, the reticulated water supply of their place of residence, and a stretch of the neighbouring river that was being used to supplement fully treated water piped from Brisbane. Treatment of the auxiliary supply consisted solely of chlorination. A section of another river was later shown to contain V.cholerae. No source of pollution was identified for either river. From the persistence of the microorganism in the first river over a two-month period, despite increases in river flow following significant rainfall, it seems that the cholera vibrio can not only survive for a long period but can also grow in the river water. This strongly suggests that certain surface, and possibly subsurface, waters may serve as potential silent foci of V.cholerae. Hence the importance of providing bacteriologically safe water supplies, and the possible need to expand the definition of a 'cholera-receptive area'. Descriptors river water, article, Austria, ecology, epidemiology, etiology, geographic distribution, Vibrio cholerae, water pollution Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rogers,R. C., Cuffe,R. G. C. J., Cossins,Y. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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