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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
The operation, products and promotion of waterpipe businesses in New York City, Abu Dhabi and Dubai	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full East Mediterr Health J Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 22 Issue 4 Start Page 237 Other Pages 43 Notes ID: 27432405 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We evaluated the customers, operations, products and advertising of these businesses to explore the unique policy challenges created by the suppliers of waterpipes. We completed a cross-sectional survey consisting of structured site observations and in-person interviews of businesses in New York City, Abu Dhabi and Dubai identified using Google, Yelp, Timeout Dubai and Timeout Abu Dhabi and neighbourhood visits in 2014. Regular customers made up 59% of customers. Franchises or chains were 28% of businesses. Waterpipes made up 39% of sales with 87% of businesses offering food within their menu. Flavoured tobacco made up 94% of sales. Discounts were offered by 47% of businesses and 94% of businesses used advertising, often through social media. The market consists of largely independent businesses, with a large regular customer base, frequently offering diversified services beyond waterpipes. These businesses advertise using both traditional and social media. The economics of waterpipe businesses is very different from the economics of cigarettes, and unique regulatory strategies are needed to control this epidemic. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-27432405 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Joudrey,P J., Jasie,K A., Pykalo,L., Singer,S T., Woodin,M B., Sherman,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace	2009	Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow. filip.osuchowski@wp.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 66 Issue 10 Start Page 801 Other Pages 804 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 20301940 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20301940 Abstract Smoking is now a serious social problem in Poland and abroad. Unfortunately, adverse effects also affect the businesses in which the crews smoke tobacco. For several years a wide-ranging measures aimed at reducing the population of smoking employees can be observed, unfortunately their results are significantly below expectations. What must be noted is that the effectiveness of these projects to a large extent is determined by the opinion of the smoking part of the crew about the problem of smoking in the workplace. The aim of this work was to analyze the opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace. The selection of study group was expedient. The people tested were permanent employees of a large plant in Rzeszow. The research materials were the answers to the questions given to an anonymous survey. The survey contained 21 questions about their opinions to smokers and 17 questions about their opinions to non-smokers. The perception of risks arising from the smoking of tobacco by smokers and non-smokers was asked for, and their expectations towards the company. They were asked also the willingness to join special programs helping in quitting the addiction of smoking. The individuals who smoke at least one cigarette a day were recognized as daily smokers of tobacco (as defined by WHO). Those who used to smoke every day in the past or occasionally were considered as ex-smokers. (less than one cigarette per day). 4200 surveys were distributed in the plant. The filled - in forms with replies were received from 1412 workers, representing 33.6% of questionnaires distributed. All the surveys were put in order and checked on its merits. 1291 were classified as correct, what represented 30.7% of questionnaires distributed. The latest version of the program Statistica 8.0 was used for the statistical calculations. Test results show that 14.9% of employees smoke tobacco, and every third smoker is worried about the consequences of smoking. As far as opinions on the presence of smoking in the workplace are concerned, most workers believe (94.3%) that the employer should do everything to protect the non-smokers from having to inhale tobacco smoke. Only one in ten believes (11.4%) that talking about the harmfulness of smoking is the attack on the freedom of smokers, and argues that there is a lot of exaggeration in speaking about the harmfulness of smoking. As for the negative effects of smoking the most frequently mentioned are health consequences (36.6%). In a population of smokers 17.9% want to quit smoking very much and one in ten do not consider such possibility. What is comforting, however, is that 48.9% of respondents expressed opinions about joining the pro-health program which goal is to help in quitting smoking. The study shows that the vast majority of staff believes that the employer should protect the non-smokers from inhaling tobacco smoke and help the smoking employees in quitting smoking. More than half of all workers considered that the employer should help the employees to quit smoking addiction. Smokers worry about the health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking. Almost half of respondents expressed their willingness to join a program helping in releasing from the addiction of smoking, but a large group of smokers has not shown such an interest. Age and level of education do not affect the motivation to release from the addiction of smoking among smoking employees. Descriptors Adult, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Workplace/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Osuchowski,F., Penar-Zadarko,B., Bukala-Siedlecka,I., Binkowska-Bury,M. Original/Translated Title Opinie pracownikow na temat palenia tytoniu w miejscu pracy URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The oral health status of postpartum mothers in South-East Hungary	2007	Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Tisza L. krt. 64., Hungary. radnai@stoma.szote.u-szeged.hu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Community dental health Periodical, Abbrev. Community Dent.Health Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 24 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 116 Notes JID: 8411261; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0265-539X; 0265-539X Accession Number PMID: 17615827 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17615827 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to assess the oral health status of new mothers, following not more than three days post-delivery, in South-East Hungary. An additional aim was to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on the oral health of the 169 women who volunteered, all of whom were healthy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Socioeconomic data were collected via a questionnaire, and patients were examined according to WHO guidelines. The state of the periodontium was described by examining the plaque, calculus, probing depth and bleeding on probing. The mean age of the women was 27.5 yrs, representing all educational levels and professional categories of the country. RESULTS: The mean DMFT was 12.57, and the mean DMFS was 26.26. The plaque index was 0.68, the calculus frequency 20.22%, the mean probing depth 1.65mm and bleeding on probing occurred in 36.27% of teeth. Regression analyses demonstrated that caries levels were mostly related to age and plaque scores, while the state of the periodontium was mostly related to educational level, age and profession. The number of pregnancies had no significant influence on the caries nor on the periodontal status of these women. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the oral health status of these mothers was mainly age- and socioeconomically-related, and that the dental needs of women during pregnancy must be emphasized, both to the dental profession and to the patients themselves. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, DMF Index, Dental Calculus/classification, Dental Care, Dental Plaque/classification, Dental Plaque Index, Educational Status, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Health Status, Humans, Hungary, Occupations, Oral Health, Parity, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Social Class Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Radnai,M., Gorzo,I., Nagy,E., Urban,E., Eller,J., Novak,T., Pal,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The origin of long-distance water supply in the central German area and its significance from a hygienic viewpoint	1994	Malyska, G., Landeshygieneinstitut Halle.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fÃ¼r Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Zentralbl.Hyg.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 196 Issue 1 Start Page 1 Other Pages 22 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0934-8859 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract By means of the climatic, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions in the middle German area the unfavorable water household also due to anthropogenic influences caused through mining and industry will be described. These conditions have, already in the first half of this century, lead to disadvantages concerning the drinking water supply for the population in this territory. Based on older ideas for improving the water supply in the middle German area the long-distance water supply system Elbaue-Ostharz was built after the 2. world war using the water supplies of the river Bode in the Harz, of the Elbaue as well as water from the DÃ¼bener Heide to overcome the bad water supply situation in middle Germany. In this connection the efforts of the public health service for improving the drinking water quality in the former country of Sachsen-Anhalt in the DDR will be described. Due to an increased connection of the population in the middle German area with local central water supplies as well as with the long-distance water supply up to 1990 92% of the population could be supplied with drinking water from central water supplies. Nevertheless it was not possible to manage all problems of drinking water quality up to 1990. These problems concerned local central water supplies due to not existing or inadequate plants for water refinement in waterworks and poor conditions of the drinking water pipe nets. Despite all an increasing improvement of the drinking water could be registered as a result of decrease in drinking water consumption, the shutting of water works with water catchments on hygienic unfavorable places, the refurbishment of water works and the further connection from communes with long-distance water supplies. At present and in future too the long-distance water supply will be necessary for the middle German area to guarantee a sufficient quantity as well as quality of drinking water for the population in this territory. Descriptors Germany, human, hygiene, industry, mining, public health, review, standard, water supply Links Book Title Die Entstehung der Fernwasserversorgung des mitteldeutschen Raumes und ihre Bedeutung aus hygienischer Sicht. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Malyska,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Paraty artisanal fishery (southeastern Brazilian coast): ethnoecology and management of a social-ecological system (SES)	2012	UNICAMP: CAPESCA, LEPAC (Paraty) and CMU, CP 6023 Campinas, Brazil. alpinab@uol.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Ethnobiol Ethnomed Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume 8 Issue Start Page 22 Other Pages 8/22/4269 Notes LR: 20150224; JID: 101245794; OID: NLM: PMC3476967; 2012/02/16 [received]; 2012/05/28 [accepted]; 2012/06/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1746-4269; 1746-4269 Accession Number PMID: 22738073 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1746-4269-8-22 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22738073 Abstract This study intends to give recommendations to the management of Paraty fishery in Brazil through an interplay of local and scientific knowledge. In particular, the objectives are the following: 1) to describe the Paraty fishery; 2) to compare the fishermen's local ecological knowledge with recorded fish landings and previous studies in Paraty; 3) to combine the data on local fishing and on local/Caicara livelihoods with the SES (social-ecological systems) Model. The methods include a systematic survey of fishing in Tarituba and Praia Grande, which are located in the northern end and the central part of the Paraty municipality, respectively. For four days each month, systematic data on catches at landing points were collected, as well as macroscopic gonad analysis data for the fishes Centropomus parallelus and C. undecimalis (snook, robalo), Epinephelus marginatus (grouper, garoupa), Scomberomorus cavalla (King mackerel, cavala), and Lutjanus synagris (Lane snapper, vermelho). Spring and summer are important seasons during which some species reproduce, and the integration of fishing periods for some target species could assist in fishing management through the use of closed seasons. Fishermen could obtain complementary earnings from tourism and from the "defeso system" (closed season including a salary payment) to conserve fishing stocks. The SES model facilitates an understanding of the historical context of fishing, its economic importance for local livelihoods, the constraints from conservation measures that affect fishermen, and the management processes that already exist, such as the defeso. If used to integrate fishing with complementary activities (tourism), such a system could improve the responsibility of fishermen regarding the conservation of fish stocks. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Begossi,A., Salyvonchyk,S., Nora,V., Lopes,P.F., Silvano,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120627 PMCID PMC3476967 Editors
The perceptions of UK youth of branded and standardized, 'plain' cigarette packaging	2014	1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, London, UK.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 537 Other Pages 543 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2013; JID: 9204966; 2013/10/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 24108274 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckt142 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24108274 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco packaging is an important form of promotion. Standardizing cigarette packages ('plain' packaging) represents a novel tobacco control policy. This study examined perceptions of branded and standardized cigarette packages among British youth. METHODS: Seven hundred twelve youth aged 11-17 completed an online survey. Participants viewed pairs of packages altered using a 3 x 2 factorial design: health warning type (40% text, 40% pictorial or 80% pictorial) x standardized pack colour (white vs. brown). A discrete-choice task was used in which participants selected packs based on attractiveness, taste, tar, health risk, impact of health warning and enticement to start smoking. Participants also compared regular Silk Cut and 'Superslims' Silk Cut packs. Participants completed a final selection task from two standardized and two branded packs. RESULTS: Warning type was significantly associated with all six outcomes: packs with larger pictorial warnings were more likely to be perceived as less attractive, less smooth, greater health risk, higher tar delivery, more effective health warnings and less likely to encourage initiation. The same pattern was found for brown vs. white standardized packages, with the exception of attractiveness and initiation. Compared with the regular Silk Cut pack, the 'Superslims' Silk Cut pack was perceived as significantly more favourable on all six outcomes. Finally, among respondents who selected a pack in the pack selection task, 95.1% selected a branded pack vs. 4.9% who selected a standardized pack. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the size of pictorial health warnings and standardizing the appearance and shape of packages may discourage smoking initiation among young people. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association Data Source Authors Hammond,D., White,C., Anderson,W., Arnott,D., Dockrell,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131008 PMCID Editors
The periodontal status of irregular dental attenders	1994	Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 21 Issue 8 Start Page 544 Other Pages 548 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0425123; ppublish Place of Publication DENMARK ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 7989618 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7989618 Abstract The aim of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction in irregular dental attenders. 50 subjects aged between 20 and 49 years completed a questionnaire and had a periodontal examination. Measurements of plaque, calculus, bleeding, probing depth and clinical attachment level were made at 4 proximal sites per tooth. Results were compared to those for 132 regular attenders. The irregular attenders had more sites with plaque (46.3 +/- 27% versus 17.3 +/- 21.1%) than the regulars and significantly more sites which bled (53.7 +/- 20.4% versus 33.6 +/- 20.7%) and with calculus (35 +/- 21.1% versus 13.4 +/- 12.8%). However, the irregulars had virtually the same number of teeth as the regular attenders, 25.6 +/- 3.3 compared with 25.4 +/- 4.3. Irregular attenders had slightly deeper mean probing depths (2.9 +/- 0.4 versus 2.7 +/- 0.4 mm) but the prevalence and extent of attachment loss was no different between the groups. It was concluded that the prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease as indicated by periodontal attachment loss was not related to the regularity of dental attendance in the groups studied. Descriptors Adult, Dental Calculus/etiology/pathology, Dental Care, Dental Plaque/etiology/pathology, Female, Furcation Defects/etiology, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology/pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Pocket/etiology/pathology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking, Social Class, Tooth/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mullally,B. H., Linden,G. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The pharmacological effect of fractions obtained by smoking cannabis through a water-pipe. II. A second fractionation step	1980	Dept. Biol. Chem., Med. Sch., Univ. Athens	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Experientia Periodical, Abbrev. Experientia Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 36 Issue 12 Start Page 1407 Other Pages 1408 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0014-4754 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The catatonic activity, prolongation of phenobarbital sleeping-time, convulsant action and disruption of nest building activity were assessed in mice subjected to 4 cannabis pyrolysis products and their tobacco analogues. All but one of the cannabis fractions prolonged the pentobarbital sleeping-time and disrupted the nest-building activity of mice in a way not related to their content in the main cannabinoids. Nest-building activity seems to be the most valid assay we have used so far. Descriptors cannabinol derivative, cannabis, phenobarbital, phenytoin, placebo, tetrahydrocannabinol, animal experiment, behavior, catatonia, central nervous system, convulsion, drug screening, mouse, sleep time, epanutin Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lazaratou,H., Moschovakis,A., Armaganidis,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The physiological kinetics of nitrogen and the prevention of decompression sickness	2001	Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. David.Doolette@adelaide.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical pharmacokinetics Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Pharmacokinet. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 40 Issue 1 Start Page 1 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7606849; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); EIN: Clin Pharmacokinet 2001;40(3):235; RF: 97; ppublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 0312-5963; 0312-5963 Accession Number PMID: 11236806 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.2165/00003088-200140010-00001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11236806 Abstract Decompression sickness (DCS) is a potentially crippling disease caused by intracorporeal bubble formation during or after decompression from a compressed gas underwater dive. Bubbles most commonly evolve from dissolved inert gas accumulated during the exposure to increased ambient pressure. Most diving is performed breathing air, and the inert gas of interest is nitrogen. Divers use algorithms based on nitrogen kinetic models to plan the duration and degree of exposure to increased ambient pressure and to control their ascent rate. However, even correct execution of dives planned using such algorithms often results in bubble formation and may result in DCS. This reflects the importance of idiosyncratic host factors that are difficult to model, and deficiencies in current nitrogen kinetic models. Models describing the exchange of nitrogen between tissues and blood may be based on distributed capillary units or lumped compartments, either of which may be perfusion- or diffusion-limited. However, such simplistic models are usually poor predictors of experimental nitrogen kinetics at the organ or tissue level, probably because they fail to account for factors such as heterogeneity in both tissue composition and blood perfusion and non-capillary exchange mechanisms. The modelling of safe decompression procedures is further complicated by incomplete understanding of the processes that determine bubble formation. Moreover, any formation of bubbles during decompression alters subsequent nitrogen kinetics. Although these factors mandate complex resolutions to account for the interaction between dissolved nitrogen kinetics and bubble formation and growth, most decompression schedules are based on relatively simple perfusion-limited lumped compartment models of blood: tissue nitrogen exchange. Not surprisingly, all models inevitably require empirical adjustment based on outcomes in the field. Improvements in the predictive power of decompression calculations are being achieved using probabilistic bubble models, but divers will always be subject to the possibility of developing DCS despite adherence to prescribed limits. Descriptors Algorithms, Brain/metabolism, Capillaries/metabolism, Decompression/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness/blood/prevention & control, Diving/adverse effects, Humans, Models, Biological, Musculoskeletal System/metabolism, Nitrogen/blood/pharmacokinetics, Spinal Cord/metabolism, Tissue Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Doolette,D. J., Mitchell,S. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Po River Delta (north Italy) indoor epidemiological study: effects of pollutant exposure on acute respiratory symptoms and respiratory function in adults	2002	Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Environmental Health Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 57 Issue 2 Start Page 130 Other Pages 136 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0212627; 0 (Oxidants, Photochemical); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0003-9896; 0003-9896 Accession Number PMID: 12194158 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1080/00039890209602928 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12194158 Abstract The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 mu) on acute respiratory symptoms and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15-72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk-1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer--the authors monitored each participant's house to measure nitrogen dioxide (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (microgram/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic respiratory diseases, daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of acute respiratory symptoms during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as "low" or "high" on the basis of the median value. The median nitrogen dioxide was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest nitrogen dioxide levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 micrograms/m3 in winter and 45 micrograms/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and "high" nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the "high" respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and bronchitis). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and acute respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in adults. Descriptors Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/analysis, Italy/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis/poisoning, Oxidants, Photochemical/analysis/poisoning, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology, Seasons, Time Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Health Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Simoni,M., Carrozzi,L., Baldacci,S., Scognamiglio,A., Di Pede,F., Sapigni,T., Viegi,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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