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Risk perceptions of menthol cigarettes compared with nonmenthol cigarettes among New Jersey adults	2010	Center for Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation Research, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 335 George Street, Suite 2100, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. olivia.wackowski@umdnj.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 12 Issue 7 Start Page 786 Other Pages 790 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Agents); 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 2010/06/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20522521 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq085 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20522521 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Menthol cigarettes were historically marketed as "healthier" cigarettes, and menthol possesses cooling qualities that may reduce the perceived harshness of cigarette smoke. As such, it is possible that smokers may perceive menthol cigarettes to be safer when, in fact, some research suggests that menthols may be more addictive than regular cigarettes. Research shows that smokers have a faulty understanding of the risks of cigarettes in general, but little is known about smokers' risk perceptions for these particular products. METHODS: We examined data from the 2005 New Jersey Adult Tobacco Survey, a statewide random-digit-dial telephone survey monitoring tobacco-use behavior, knowledge, and attitudes and which asked participants to compare how risky (somewhat less risky, about the same, or somewhat more risky) menthol cigarettes were with nonmenthol cigarettes. RESULTS: Few menthol smokers (2.4%) and survey respondents overall (4.0%) believed menthol cigarettes to be less risky than nonmenthol cigarettes. In contrast, 30.2% of menthol smokers and 25.9% of all respondents (including nonsmokers) believed menthols to be more risky than nonmenthol cigarettes. Compared with never-smokers, nonmenthol smokers were most likely to believe this (AOR = 4.51), followed by former smokers (AOR = 1.77) and current menthol smokers (AOR = 1.58). Among current smokers, Blacks (AOR = 2.17) were more likely than Whites to indicate menthols as being more risky and young adults (18- to 24-year-olds) were the age group most likely to hold this belief (AOR = 3.30). CONCLUSIONS: Future research should explore whether these perceptions exist in broader population groups as well as their development and association with smoking-related behaviors. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/ethnology, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Flavoring Agents/administration & dosage, Humans, Male, Menthol/administration & dosage, Middle Aged, New Jersey/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Smoking Cessation/ethnology, Social Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wackowski,O. A., Delnevo,C. D., Lewis,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100603 PMCID Editors
Risk-taking behaviors and subgrouping of college students: a latent class analysis	2013	1Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of men's health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Mens.Health. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 7 Issue 6 Start Page 475 Other Pages 481 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101287723; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/03/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1557-9891; 1557-9883 Accession Number PMID: 23539632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1177/1557988313483540 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23539632 Abstract Risk-taking behaviors have negative consequences on adolescent and young adult's health. The aim of this study was to identify the subgroups of college students on the basis of risk-taking behaviors and to assess the role of demographic characteristics, religious beliefs, and parental support on membership of specific subgroup. The cross-sectional study took place in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) in April and May of 2011. The randomly selected sample consisted of 1,837 college students. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis was performed to achieve the study's objectives. Four latent classes were identified: (a) low risk, (b) cigarette and hookah smoker, (c) sexual and drinking risk-takers (for males)/sexual risk takers (for females), and (d) high risk. Notably, 13.3% of the males and 4.3% of the females were in the high-risk class. The results identified evidence of protective influence of familial support and religiosity on risky behaviors. A fair number of college students, males in particular, were identified as high risk-takers. Design and implementation of preventive interventions for this segment of the population are necessary. Higher level of familial support and religiosity may serve as preventive factors in risk-taking behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mohammadpoorasl,A., Ghahramanloo,A.A., Allahverdipour,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130328 PMCID Editors
Risks factors for recurrent neurological decompression sickness in recreational divers: a case-control study	2012	Department of Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine, Sainte Anne's Military Hospital, Toulon, France. gempp@voila.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 52 Issue 5 Start Page 530 Other Pages 536 Notes JID: 0376337; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 0022-4707; 0022-4707 Accession Number PMID: 22976740 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI R40123675 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22976740 Abstract AIM: Individual or environmental factors that predispose to the recurrence of neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers are not known and preventive measures designed to mitigate the risk of a subsequent episode remain empirical. The aim of this controlled study was to examine some potential risk factors predictive of recurrent DCS event that may lead to practical recommendations for divers who wish to continue diving after an initial episode. METHODS: Age, gender, diving experience, presence of a large right-to-left shunt (RLS) and diving practice following post-DCS resumption were evaluated as potential predictors of a further DCS in recreational divers admitted in our hyperbaric facility over a period of 12 years. RESULTS: Twenty-four recurrent cases and 50 divers treated for a single DCS episode which continued diving were recruited after review of medical forms and follow-up interview by telephone. After controlling for potential confounding variables between groups, multivariate analysis revealed that experienced divers (OR, 3.8; 95%CI, 1.1-14; P=0.03), the presence of large RLS (OR, 5.4; 95%CI, 1.5-19.7; P=0.006) and the lack of changes in the way of diving after prior DCS (OR, 8.4; 95%CI, 2.3-31.1; P=0.001) were independently associated with a repeated episode. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance for divers to adopt conservative dives profiles or to use preferentially oxygen-enriched breathing mixtures after an initial DCS. Closure of a documented RLS through a large patent foramen ovale as a secondary preventive procedure for individuals that cannot adapt their diving practice remains debatable. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gempp,E., Louge,P., Blatteau,J.E., Hugon,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risky behaviors, e-cigarette use and susceptibility of use among college students	2015	University at Buffalo, State University of New York, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: mls38@buffalo.edu.; University at Buffalo, State University of N	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 25 Other Pages 30 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/11 [received]; 2014/12/11 [revised]; 2015/01/02 [accepted]; 2015/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25666362 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25666362 Abstract BACKGROUND: Since 2007, there has been a rise in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The present study uses cross-sectional data (2013) to examine prevalence, correlates and susceptibility to e-cigarettes among young adults. METHODS: Data were collected using an Internet survey from a convenience sample of 1437, 18-23 year olds attending four colleges/universities in Upstate New York. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics; logistic regression models were analyzed to identify correlates of e-cigarette use and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. RESULTS: Nearly all respondents (95.5%) reported awareness of e-cigarettes; 29.9% were ever users and 14.9% were current users. Younger students, males, non-Hispanic Whites, respondents reporting average/below average school ability, ever smokers and experimenters of tobacco cigarettes, and those with lower perceptions of harm regarding e-cigarettes demonstrated higher odds of ever use or current use. Risky behaviors (i.e., tobacco, marijuana or alcohol use) were associated with using e-cigarettes. Among never e-cigarette users, individuals involved in risky behaviors or, with lower harm perceptions for e-cigarettes, were more susceptible to future e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: More e-cigarette users report use of another nicotine product besides e-cigarettes as the first nicotine product used; this should be considered when examining whether e-cigarette use is related to cigarette susceptibility. Involvement in risky behaviors is related to e-cigarette use and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Among college students, e-cigarette use is more likely to occur in those who have also used other tobacco products, marijuana, and/or alcohol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Saddleson,M.L., Kozlowski,L.T., Giovino,G.A., Hawk,L.W., Murphy,J.M., MacLean,M.G., Goniewicz,M.L., Homish,G.G., Wrotniak,B.H., Mahoney,M.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150124 PMCID Editors
Role for cell density in antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans biofilms	2007	Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 51 Issue 7 Start Page 2454 Other Pages 2463 Notes LR: 20140907; GR: 1R01 DE14029/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); OID: NLM: PMC1913227; 2007/05/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0066-4804; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 17502416 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI AAC.01237-06 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17502416 Abstract Biofilms of Candida albicans are less susceptible to many antifungal drugs than are planktonic yeast cells. We investigated the contribution of cell density to biofilm phenotypic resistance. Planktonic yeast cells in RPMI 1640 were susceptible to azole-class drugs, amphotericin B, and caspofungin at 1 x 10(3) cells/ml (standard conditions) using the XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt] assay. As reported by others, as the cell concentration increased to 1 x 10(8) cells/ml, resistance was observed with 10- to 20-fold-greater MICs. Biofilms that formed in microtiter plate wells, like high-density planktonic organisms, were resistant to drugs. When biofilms were resuspended before testing, phenotypic resistance remained, but organisms, when diluted to 1 x 10(3) cells/ml, were susceptible. Drug-containing medium recovered from high-cell-density tests inhibited low-cell-density organisms. A fluconazole-resistant strain showed greater resistance at high planktonic cell density, in biofilm, and in resuspended biofilm than did low-density planktonic or biofilm organisms. A strain lacking drug efflux pumps CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1, while susceptible at a low azole concentration, was resistant at high cell density and in biofilm. A strain lacking CHK1 that fails to respond to the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol had the same response as did the wild type. FK506, reported to abrogate tolerance to azole drugs at low cell density, had no effect on tolerance at high cell density and in biofilm. These observations suggested that cell density has a role in the phenotypic resistance of biofilm, that neither the drug efflux pumps tested nor quorum sensing through Chk1p contributes to resistance, and that azole drug tolerance at high cell density differs mechanistically from tolerance at low cell density. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Drug Resistance, Fungal/genetics, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Fungal Proteins/physiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Perumal,P., Mekala,S., Chaffin,W. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070514 PMCID PMC1913227 Editors
Role of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Aggresome Formation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Emphysema Pathogenesis	2015	Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.; 2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.; Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.; 2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins Uni	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol.Biol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 53 Issue 2 Start Page 159 Other Pages 173 Notes GR: R01HL59410-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54CA141868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8917225; 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins); 0 (P62 protein, human); 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (Ubiquitinated Proteins); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatases); EC Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1535-4989; 1044-1549 Accession Number PMID: 25490051 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0107OC [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25490051 Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to induce proteostasis imbalance that can initiate accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to determine if first- and secondhand CS induces localization of ubiquitinated proteins in perinuclear spaces as aggresome bodies. Furthermore, we sought to determine the mechanism by which smoke-induced aggresome formation contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema pathogenesis. Hence, Beas2b cells were treated with CS extract (CSE) for in vitro experimental analysis of CS-induced aggresome formation by immunoblotting, microscopy, and reporter assays, whereas chronic CS-exposed murine model and human COPD-emphysema lung tissues were used for validation. In preliminary analysis, we observed a significant (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tran,I., Ji,C., Ni,I., Min,T., Tang,D., Vij,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Role of death in providing lifeline to plants	2003	Dahiya, P., Dept. of Cell and Devmtl. Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trends in plant science Periodical, Abbrev. Trends Plant Sci. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page 462 Other Pages 465 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1360-1385 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract As the major transporters and distributors of water and minerals, xylem vessels and tracheids are the lifeline of plants. Interestingly, the building blocks of these water pipes are dead tracheary elements and vessel elements that have the process of cell death integrated into their differentiation programme. Using the Zinnia in vitro model system for xylogenesis, a key nuclease that is responsible for nuclear degradation during the terminal stages of tracheary element differentiation has been identified recently. Descriptors biological model, cell death, cytology, physiology, plant, plant physiology, review Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Dahiya,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Role of discontinuous chlorination on microbial production by drinking water biofilms	2005	Lab. Health & Environmental Microbiology, Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Terrassa-08222, Barcelona, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 39 Issue 9 Start Page 1896 Other Pages 1906 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2003/11/19 [received]; 2004/09/16 [revised]; 2005/02/21 [accepted]; 2005/04/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 15899288 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0043-1354(05)00107-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15899288 Abstract Microbial quality in water distribution systems is strongly affected by the development of microbial biofilms. Production and release of microbial cells by the biofilm affect microbial levels in the water column and in some cases this fact constitutes a public health concern. In this study, we attempt to analyze in which way the existence of different episodes of chlorine depletion affects both biofilm formation and microbial load of an artificial laboratory system. The work was carried out using two parallel packed bed reactors both supplied with running tap water. One of the reactors was used as a control and was permanently exposed to the action of chlorine. In the other reactor, chlorine was neutralized at selected times during the experiment and for periods of variable length. During the experiment the concentration of total and viable cells from the effluent was monitored at the exit of each of the reactors. The data obtained were used to estimate microbial production from the biofilms. As an average, release of microbial cells to the water phase increased tenfold in the absence of chlorine. The results also indicate that disinfectant efficiency against the biofilm was not recovered when chlorine returned to normal levels after each event of chlorine neutralization. Cell viability in the water phase in the presence of chlorine was low at the beginning of the experiment but increased 4 orders of magnitude after five neutralization periods. Therefore, subsequent episodes of chlorine depletion may accelerate the development of microbial communities with reduced susceptibility to disinfection in real drinking water systems. Descriptors Biofilms/growth & development, Bioreactors, Chlorine/analysis/chemistry, Colony Count, Microbial, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Codony,F., Morato,J., Mas,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050426 PMCID Editors
Role of Fks1p and matrix glucan in Candida albicans biofilm resistance to an echinocandin, pyrimidine, and polyene	2010	Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., H4/572 Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 54 Issue 8 Start Page 3505 Other Pages 3508 Notes LR: 20141203; GR: R01 AI073289/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI073289-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Glucans); 0 (Polyenes); 0 (Pyrimidines); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphote Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 20516280 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00227-10 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20516280 Abstract Candida infections frequently involve drug-resistant biofilm growth on device surfaces. Glucan synthase gene FKS1 has been linked to triazole resistance in Candida biofilms. We tested the impact of FKS1 modulation on susceptibility to additional antifungal classes. Reduction of FKS1 expression rendered biofilms more susceptible to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, and flucytosine. Increased resistance to anidulafungin and amphotericin B was observed for biofilms overexpressing FKS1. These findings suggest that Candida biofilm glucan sequestration is a multidrug resistance mechanism. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/classification/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida albicans/drug effects/enzymology/genetics/growth & development, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Flucytosine/pharmacology, Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Glucans/metabolism, Glucosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Polyenes/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nett,J. E., Crawford,K., Marchillo,K., Andes,D. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100601 PMCID PMC2916329 Editors
Role of Helicobacter pylori in the genesis of gastric ulcerations among smokers and nonsmokers	1997		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full East Mediterr Health J Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 3 Issue 2 Start Page 316 Other Pages 321 Notes ID: 50916 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection was investigated by three different methods serologically, microbiologically and biochemically] in 210 male patients aged 20-40 years. Gastric ulcers were diagnosed in 126 patients in which H. pylori infection showed a significant association X2] = 162.8]. Smokers had a higher rate of infection than nonsmokers, both among patients with gastric ulcers 99% compared to 79%] and without. The risk of H. pylori infection was computed for different categories of smoker. Heavy cigarette smokers were found to have the highest risk, followed by moderate to mild cigarette smokers and communal shisha smokers; neither private shisha nor cigar/pipe smokers showed any significant risk Descriptors Humans, Male, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Stomach Ulcer/pathology, Helicobacter Infections, Smoking/adverse effects, Risk Factors, Endoscopy, Digestive System Links http://www.emro.who.int/emhj/0302/emhj_1997_3_2_316_321.pdf; http://www.emro.who.int/publications/emhj/0302/16.htm Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El Barrawy,M. A., Morad,M. I., Gaber,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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