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Relation of cardiovascular risk factors and angina status to obstructive coronary artery disease according to categorical coronary artery calcium score	2012	Department of Cardiology, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0005, Japan. ueda-hiroyasu@sumitomo-hp.or.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Heart and vessels Periodical, Abbrev. Heart Vessels Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 27 Issue 2 Start Page 128 Other Pages 134 Notes JID: 8511258; 2010/09/21 [received]; 2011/02/18 [accepted]; 2011/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1615-2573; 0910-8327 Accession Number PMID: 21416117 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00380-011-0128-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21416117 Abstract Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and CAD has not yet been fully elucidated in patients with a zero or low coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of cardiovascular risk factors and angina status to obstructive CAD according to categorical CACS. A total of 753 patients were enrolled in this study. CAC scoring and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) were performed with dual-source 64-slice CT scanners. The number of patients with a CACS =10 and =100 were 358 and 528, respectively. Patients with a higher CACS were older and more frequently male, and had a greater frequency of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of obstructive CAD increased with the CACS. Among patients with a CACS =100, age, male gender, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and typical angina pectoris were related to obstructive CAD. The presence of hypercholesterolemia was relatively strongly associated with obstructive CAD (OR 6.67, 95% CI 2.91-15.3, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ueda,H., Harimoto,K., Tomoyama,S., Tamaru,H., Miyawaki,M., Mitsusada,N., Yasuga,Y., Hiraoka,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110318 PMCID Editors
Relation of exercise capacity with lung volumes before and after 6-minute walk test in subjects with COPD	2014	Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. thomas.wibmer@gmx.de.; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, German	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory care Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Care Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 59 Issue 11 Start Page 1687 Other Pages 1695 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7510357; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3654; 0020-1324 Accession Number PMID: 25249649 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4187/respcare.03082 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25249649 Abstract INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence that exercise-induced variation in lung volumes is an important source of ventilatory limitation and is linked to exercise intolerance in COPD. The aim of this study was to compare the correlations of walk distance and lung volumes measured before and after a 6-min walk test (6MWT) in subjects with COPD. METHODS: Forty-five subjects with stable COPD (mean pre-bronchodilator FEV1: 47 +/- 18% predicted) underwent a 6MWT. Body plethysmography was performed immediately pre- and post-6MWT. RESULTS: Correlations were generally stronger between 6-min walk distance and post-6MWT lung volumes than between 6-min walk distance and pre-6MWT lung volumes, except for FEV1. These differences in Pearson correlation coefficients were significant for residual volume expressed as percent of total lung capacity (-0.67 vs -0.58, P = .043), percent of predicted residual volume expressed as percent of total lung capacity (-0.68 vs -0.59, P = .026), inspiratory vital capacity (0.65 vs 0.54, P = .019), percent of predicted inspiratory vital capacity (0.49 vs 0.38, P = .037), and percent of predicted functional residual capacity (-0.62 vs -0.47, P = .023). CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with stable COPD, lung volumes measured immediately after 6MWT are more closely related to exercise limitation than baseline lung volumes measured before 6MWT, except for FEV1. Therefore, pulmonary function testing immediately after exercise should be included in future studies on COPD for the assessment of exercise-induced ventilatory constraints to physical performance that cannot be adequately assessed from baseline pulmonary function testing at rest. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by Daedalus Enterprises Data Source Authors Wibmer,T., Rudiger,S., Kropf-Sanchen,C., Stoiber,K.M., Rottbauer,W., Schumann,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140923 PMCID Editors
Relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province, China	1989	Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Industrial Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Ind.Med. Pub Date Free Form 1989/ Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 511 Other Pages 521 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0271-3586 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We studied the relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. Interviews were conducted in 1985 with 107 living tin miners with lung cancer and an equal number of age-matched controls from among tin miners without lung cancer to obtain information on lung cancer risk factors including a detailed history of employment and tobacco use. Occupational history was combined with extensive industrial hygiene data to estimate cumulative working level months (WLM) of radon daughter exposure. Similar data were also used to estimate arsenic exposure for control in the analysis. Results indicate an increased risk of lung cancer for water pipe smoking, a traditional form of tobacco use practiced in 91% of cases and 85% of controls. Ever use of water pipes was associated with a twofold elevation in risk when compared with tobacco abstainers, and a dose-response relation was observed with increasing categories of pipe-year (dose times duration) usage. Estimated WLM of radon exposure varied from 0 to 1,761 among subjects but averaged 515 in cases versus only 244 in controls. Analyses indicated that the persons in the highest quarter of the radon exposure distribution had an odds ratio (OR) = 9.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.7-33.1) compared to persons without radon exposure after controlling for arsenic exposure and other potential confounders. Examination of duration and rate of radon exposure indicated higher risk associated with long duration as opposed to high rate of exposure. Cross-categorizations of radon exposure and tobacco use suggest greater risk associated with radon exposure than tobacco in these workers. Descriptors radon, tin, adult, aged, article, China, epidemiology, etiology, human, lung cancer, major clinical study, male, occupational exposure, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Qiao,Y. -L, Taylor,P. R., Yao,S. -X, Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. -L, Lubin,J., Rao,J. -Y, McAdams,M., Xuan,X. -Z, Li,J. -Y Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relationship between adherence to daily nicotine patch use and treatment efficacy: secondary analysis of a 10-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial simulating over-the-counter use in adult smokers	2008	PinneyAssociates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. shiffman@pinneyassociates.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Ther. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 30 Issue 10 Start Page 1852 Other Pages 1858 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7706726; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Nonprescription Drugs); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2008/08/21 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0149-2918; 0149-2918 Accession Number PMID: 19014840 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.09.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19014840 Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the efficacy of acute forms of nicotine replacement therapy, such as nicotine gum and lozenges, improves when sufficient quantities of medication are used. OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined whether adherence with daily nicotine patch wear was associated with improved rates of smoking abstinence. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a double-blind study in which subjects were randomized to receive either an active nicotine patch or a placebo patch under simulated over-the-counter conditions. Subjects were asked to complete a daily diary on their patch use and smoking. Logistic regression, controlling for smoking in the first 3 weeks of treatment, was used to evaluate the likelihood of abstinence at 6 weeks as a function of treatment assignment (active vs placebo) and adherence (ie, patch wear for >or=20 of the first 21 days of treatment). The relationship between reported adverse events and adherence was also examined. RESULTS: This analysis involved data from 371 subjects, 204 using the active patch and 167 using the placebo patch. The study population was mainly white (87.3%), had a mean age of 42.8 years, a mean weight of 77.3 kg, had been smoking for a mean of 24.4 years, and smoked a mean of 25.2 cigarettes per day. Two hundred fifty-three subjects were classified as adherent. Rates of adherence did not differ significantly between the active and placebo groups (139 [68.1%] and 114 [68.3%], respectively). The likelihood of experiencing an adverse event did not differ significantly between adherent and nonadherent subjects in either group. Among active patch users, 61.5% of nonadherent subjects experienced an adverse event, compared with 59.7% of adherent subjects; among placebo patch users, the corresponding proportions were 41.5% and 43.9%. Among active patch users, the odds of abstinence at 6 weeks were more than 3 times greater for adherent versus nonadherent subjects (53.2% vs 21.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.30-8.09; P = 0.011); no benefit of adherence over nonadherence was seen among users of the placebo patch (16.7% vs 15.1%; adjusted OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.16-2.31). The interaction between treatment group and adherence was statistically significant (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Under conditions simulating over-the-counter use, adherence to daily nicotine patch wear within the first 3 weeks of treatment was associated with an improved likelihood of achieving smoking abstinence at 6 weeks. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nonprescription Drugs, Smoking Cessation/methods, Socioeconomic Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shiffman,S., Sweeney,C. T., Ferguson,S. G., Sembower,M. A., Gitchell,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relationship between amount of cigarette smoking and coronary atherosclerosis on coronary CTA in asymptomatic individuals	2013	Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of cardiovascular imaging Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cardiovasc.Imaging Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 29 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page 21 Other Pages 28 Notes JID: 100969716; 2013/03/15 [received]; 2013/04/19 [accepted]; 2013/04/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1875-8312; 1569-5794 Accession Number PMID: 23624929 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10554-013-0224-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23624929 Abstract Current smoking is a powerful independent predictor of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. Many researchers have suggested a cigarette dose-response relationship between smoking and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Our study purposes were (a) to investigate the prevalence and plaque characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic smokers and (b) to assess the cigarette dose-response relationship between smoking and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis using coronary CT angiography (CTA). We consecutively enrolled 7,104 self-referred asymptomatic subjects who underwent coronary CTA as part of a general health evaluation. Current smokers (n = 1,784) were categorized according to total pack years (TPY) with four grades (A, 0.1-10; B, 10-20; C, 20-30; D, >30), smoking duration (SD, years) with four grades (A, 0.1-10; B, 10-20; C, 20-30; D, >30), and number of cigarettes per day (CPD) with four grades (A, 1-20; B, 10-20; C, 20-40; D, >40). After adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors, adjusted odds ratios for current smokers versus never-smokers as a control group were estimated for the presence of plaques, significant stenosis, and non-calcified plaques (NCP). Current smokers had a statistically significant higher prevalence of any plaque, significant stenosis, NCP, and coronary artery calcium score >100 than never-smokers. According to each categorization of TPY, SD, and CPD, the subclinical coronary atherosclerosis risk increased as grades increased in asymptomatic current smokers relative to never-smokers after adjusting for variable clinical and chemical risk factors. Our study suggests a cigarette dose-response relationship between current smoking and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kim,J.A., Chun,E.J., Lee,M.S., Kim,K.J., Choi,S.I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130427 PMCID Editors
Relationship between Carboxyhemoglobin Levels and Hematological Values in Sheesha Smokers	1989		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page 372 Other Pages 378 Notes ID: 17036 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The relationships between haemoglobin concentration Hb], haematocrit HCT] and carboxyhaemoglobin COHb] levels were investigated in 186 sheesha, and 155 cigarette smokers and 132 non-smokers. Both mean Hb and HCT values were found to be significantly higher in sheesha smokers of all age groups p<0.001], heavy cigarette smokers aged 40 to 49 years p<0.05] and light plus heavy cigarette smokers aged 50-65 years. Carboxyhaemoglobin levels were higher in sheesha than cigarette smokers. Positive correlations were found between COHb levels and that of HCTvalues in both sheesha and cigarette smokers. In seven out of twelve sheesha smokers investigated, the red cell mass was normal while Plasma volume was decreased in ten subjects. It seems that relative rather than absolute polycythaemia is the rule in sheesha smokers. These findings cast doubt on the extent of the relationship between carbon monoxide and erythrocytosis Descriptors Smoking, Carboxyhemoglobin, Hematologic Tests Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-17036 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al Fayez,Saud F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and subclinical coronary artery disease in long-term smokers	2013	Department of Cardiology, Section 2012, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Heart J.Cardiovasc.Imaging Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 14 Issue 12 Start Page 1159 Other Pages 1166 Notes LR: 20160511; JID: 101573788; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2047-2412; 2047-2404 Accession Number PMID: 23639550 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ehjci/jet057 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23639550 Abstract AIMS: Cardiovascular conditions are reported to be the most frequent cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it remains unsettled whether severity of COPD per se is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence and severity of COPD and the amount of coronary artery calcium deposit, an indicator of CAD and cardiac risk, in a large population of current and former long-term smokers. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, long-term smokers without clinically manifested CAD were recruited from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial and classified according to lung function by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Coronary artery calcium deposit as a measure of subclinical CAD and cardiac risk was evaluated with multi detector computed tomography and the Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Participants were categorized into five CACS risk classification groups according to the CACS. The population (n = 1535) consisted of 41% participants without COPD, 28% with mild, and 31% with moderate-to-severe COPD (n = 46 with severe COPD). In addition to age, male gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and continued smoking, COPD according to GOLD classification were independent predictors of a higher CACS risk classification group in multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR): 1.28 (1.01-1.63) and OR: 1.32 (1.05-1.67), for mild and moderate-to-severe COPD, respectively, compared with no COPD]. CONCLUSION: COPD in long-term smokers is independently correlated with the CACS, while COPD severity per se does not show a dose-response relationship. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rasmussen,T., Kober,L., Pedersen,J.H., Dirksen,A., Thomsen,L.H., Stender,S., Brodersen,J., Groen,J., Ashraf,H., Kofoed,K.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130502 PMCID Editors
Relationship between cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use, and other health risk behaviors among U.S. high school students	2000	Division of Adolescent and School Health, USA. sce2@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 70 Issue 6 Start Page 234 Other Pages 240 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 10937370 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10937370 Abstract This study examined relationships between tobacco use and use of other substances, intentional injury risk behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors among US high school students. Data about tobacco use and other health risk behaviors were analyzed from the 1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. One-fourth of students (24%) reported current use of a single tobacco product (i.e., cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars during the 30 days preceding the survey), and 19.5% reported currently using more than one tobacco product. Generally, students who reported current tobacco use also reported engaging in other substance use, intentional injury risk behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors. For many risk behaviors, these results were especially pronounced among students who reported using two or all three tobacco products. Programs designed to prevent tobacco use should consider that such use often occurs concomitantly with other health risk behaviors. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology, Plants, Toxic, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, Smoking/epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Everett,S. A., Malarcher,A. M., Sharp,D. J., Husten,C. G., Giovino,G. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relationship between increases in BMI and changes in periodontal status: a prospective cohort study	2014	Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 41 Issue 8 Start Page 772 Other Pages 778 Notes CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0425123; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/03 [accepted]; 2014/06/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-051X; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 24813869 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1111/jcpe.12273 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24813869 Abstract AIM: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) and oral health behaviour are related to changes in periodontal status in Japanese university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students (n = 224) who were interested in receiving oral health examinations before entering university and before graduation were included in the analysis. Subjects were investigated regarding the correlations of oral health behaviours and increases in BMI with the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores as indicators of changes in periodontal status. RESULTS: The risk of increased %BOP was associated with the non-use of dental floss (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-7.37; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Data Source Authors Ekuni,D., Mizutani,S., Kojima,A., Tomofuji,T., Irie,K., Azuma,T., Yoneda,T., Furuta,M., Eshima,N., Iwasaki,Y., Morita,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140630 PMCID Editors
Relationship between right-to-left shunts and cutaneous decompression illness	2001	The Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical science (London, England : 1979) Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Sci.(Lond) Pub Date Free Form May Volume 100 Issue 5 Start Page 539 Other Pages 542 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 7905731; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0143-5221; 0143-5221 Accession Number PMID: 11294694 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11294694 Abstract The presence of a large right-to-left shunt is associated with neurological decompression illness after non-provocative dives, as a result of paradoxical gas embolism. A small number of observations suggest that cutaneous decompression illness is also associated with a right-to-left shunt, although an embolic aetiology of a diffuse rash is more difficult to explain. We performed a retrospective case--control comparison of the prevalence and sizes of right-to-left shunts determined by contrast echocardiography performed blind to history in 60 divers and one caisson worker with a history of cutaneous decompression illness, and 123 historical control divers. We found that 47 (77.0%) of the 61 cases with cutaneous decompression illness had a shunt, compared with 34 (27.6%) of 123 control divers (P<0.001). The size of the shunts in the divers with cutaneous decompression illness was significantly greater than in the controls. Thus 30 (49.2%) of the 61 cases with cutaneous decompression illness had a large shunt at rest, compared with six (4.9%) of the 123 controls (P<0.001). During closure procedures in 17 divers who had cutaneous decompression illness, the mean diameter of the foramen ovale was 10.9 mm. Cutaneous decompression illness occurred after dives that were provocative or deep in subjects without shunts, but after shallower and non-provocative dives in those with shunts. The latter individuals are at increased risk of neurological decompression illness. We conclude that cutaneous decompression illness has two pathophysiological mechanisms. It is usually associated with a large right-to-left shunt, when the mechanism is likely to be paradoxical gas embolism with peripheral amplification when bubble emboli invade tissues supersaturated with nitrogen. Cutaneous decompression illness can also occur in individuals without a shunt. In these subjects, the mechanism might be bubble emboli passing through an 'overloaded' lung filter or autochthonous bubble formation. Descriptors Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/etiology, Female, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/surgery/ultrasonography, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Skin Diseases/etiology, Valsalva Maneuver/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wilmshurst,P. T., Pearson,M. J., Walsh,K. P., Morrison,W. L., Bryson,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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