WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Prevalence and predictors of hookah use in US Air Force military recruits	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.; Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: ebbe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 47 Issue Start Page 5 Other Pages 10 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: DA 036510-S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA-036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS674284; OID: NLM: NIHMS674284; OID: NLM: PMC4417387; OTO: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25841088 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25841088 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hookah use has gained recent popularity among U.S. youth. The current study describes the characteristics and correlates associated with hookah use in late adolescent and young adult US Air Force (USAF) recruits. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire of USAF personnel in Technical Training School at Joint Base San Antonio (N=10,997). Response rate was 78%. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between hookah use, demographic variables, other tobacco and nicotine containing product (TNCP) use, and the social environment. RESULTS: The prevalence of ever hookah use was 28%; at least monthly hookah use was 10%. Increased hookah use was positively associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR [odds ratio] 1.52; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.85), cigarette smoking (OR 4.05; CI: 3.41, 4.82) and smokeless tobacco use (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71). Hookah use was negatively associated with age (OR 0.84; 95% 0.71 to 1.00), living as married (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72), African American (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.69) and >/=4-year degree (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.82). Hookah use was highest among recruits who "many or almost all" of their friends smoked cigarettes (OR 2.43; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.30) and for those who reported willingness to try a tobacco product that claims to be safer than cigarettes (OR 3.16; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.77). CONCLUSIONS: Hookah use among military recruits is similar to the civilian population. A willingness to try TNCPs claiming to be safer than cigarettes may influence hookah use. Public health campaigns disseminating accurate information about hookah health risks may be needed to reduce hookah use among youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Linde,B.D., Ebbert,J.O., Pasker,C.K., Wayne Talcott,G., Schroeder,D.R., Hanson,A.C., Klesges,R.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150321 PMCID PMC4417387 Editors
Prevalence and predictors of nonobstructive coronary artery disease identified with coronary angiography in contemporary clinical practice	2014	Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC. Electronic address: manesh.patel@duke.edu.; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System/University of Colorado School of Medicine, De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Heart Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Am.Heart J. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 167 Issue 6 Start Page 846 Other Pages 5200 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: HHSA290201000007I/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0370465; 2013/08/09 [received]; 2014/03/07 [accepted]; 2014/03/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6744; 0002-8703 Accession Number PMID: 24890534 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.03.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24890534 Abstract BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend noninvasive tests (NITs) to risk stratify and identify patients with higher likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) prior to elective coronary angiography. However, a high percentage of patients are found to have nonobstructive CAD. We aimed to understand the relationship between patient characteristics, NIT findings, and the likelihood of nonobstructive CAD. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective catheterization without history of CAD were identified from 1,128 hospitals in National Cardiovascular Data Registry's CathPCI Registry between July 2009 and December 2011. Noninvasive tests included stress electrocardiogram, stress echocardiogram, stress radionuclide, stress cardiac magnetic resonance, and computed tomographic angiography. Patient demographics, risk factors, symptoms, and NIT results were correlated with the presence of nonobstructive CAD, defined as all native coronary stenoses Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Mosby, Inc Data Source Authors Patel,M.R., Dai,D., Hernandez,A.F., Douglas,P.S., Messenger,J., Garratt,K.N., Maddox,T.M., Peterson,E.D., Roe,M.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140314 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and predictors of water pipe and cigarette smoking among secondary school students in London	2013	School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 15 Issue 12 Start Page 2069 Other Pages 2075 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 2013/07/24 [aheadofprint]; 2013/07/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23884320 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt103 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884320 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Water pipe tobacco smoking appears to be an increasing public health concern, with anecdotal reports of higher prevalence than cigarette smoking among young people in some high-income countries. We examined the prevalence and predictors of water pipe and cigarette smoking among students attending secondary schools in a deprived, ethnically diverse part of inner London. METHODS: We conducted a 96-item, validated smoking habits questionnaire with 2,399 students from Years 8, 10, and 12/13 from 15 secondary schools in Brent, northwest London. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of current and ever cigarette and water pipe smoking. RESULTS: Current water pipe smoking prevalence was more than double that of cigarette smoking prevalence (7.6% vs. 3.4%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Wilson,A., Lee,J.T., Jawad,S., Hamilton,F.L., Millett,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and reasons for use of electronic cigarettes among smokers: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey	2015	Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), P. Debyeplein 1, 6229 HA Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Karin.Hummel@maastrichtuniversity.nl.; Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), P. Debyeplein	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The International journal on drug policy Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Drug Policy Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 26 Issue 6 Start Page 601 Other Pages 608 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9014759; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/04 [received]; 2014/11/28 [revised]; 2014/12/09 [accepted]; 2014/12/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4758; 0955-3959 Accession Number PMID: 25582280 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.12.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25582280 Abstract BACKGROUND: Not much is known about how people in the Netherlands respond to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes); how many know about them, which people try them, keep using them and why, and what are changes over time regarding awareness and use? METHODS: We used samples of smokers aged 15 years and older from 2008 (n=1820), 2010 (n=1702), 2013 (n=1530), and 2014 (n=1550) as part of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey. Reasons for use and characteristics of smokers were examined using the sample from 2014. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between smoking-related variables with ever trying e-cigarettes and current e-cigarette use. RESULTS: In 2014, 91.4% of Dutch smokers reported being aware of e-cigarettes (97.1% in 2008, 89.2% in 2010, and 85.5% in 2013), 40.0% reported having ever tried them (13.4% in 2008, 14.5% in 2010, and 19.6% in 2013), and 15.9% were currently using them (4.0% in 2008, 1% in 2010, and 3.9% in 2013). The main reason given for using e-cigarettes was to reduce the number of regular cigarettes smoked per day (79%). Ever trying e-cigarettes among those aware of e-cigarettes was associated with being young, smoking more regular cigarettes per day, having made a quit attempt in the last year, having used smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in the last year, and reporting high awareness of the price of regular cigarettes. Smokers who kept using e-cigarettes had a higher educational background, had higher harm awareness for the health of others, and were less likely to have a total smoking ban at home. CONCLUSION: E-cigarettes are increasingly used by Dutch smokers. Commonly endorsed motivations for current e-cigarette use were to reduce tobacco smoking and because e-cigarettes are considered to be less harmful than tobacco cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Hummel,K., Hoving,C., Nagelhout,G.E., de Vries,H., van den Putte,B., Candel,M.J., Borland,R., Willemsen,M.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141217 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and related factors of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis: a community-based study	2016	Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, T	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Turkish journal of medical sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Turk.J.Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 17-Feb Volume 46 Issue 2 Start Page 303 Other Pages 309 Notes JID: 9441758; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/12 [received]; 2015/05/15 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 1300-0144; 1300-0144 Accession Number PMID: 27511489 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3906/sag-1406-51 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27511489 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIM: We aimed to determine the prevalence of psoriasis (PS) and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) (erythematous-squamous diseases) in our region and reveal the frequently encountered associated factors to aid in planning appropriate healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based study was conducted with 85 sample groups that reflected the population rate and demography of Tokat Province in northern Anatolia. RESULTS: In this community, the prevalence of PS in people older than 20 years of age was 1.2% and the prevalence of SD was 5.2%. SD rates were higher in patients who used tobacco and especially alcohol. SD prevalence was also higher in patients treated for depression and epilepsy. Furthermore, as education levels increased, SD prevalence increased proportionally. CONCLUSION: In general, PS prevalence in this region was higher than in Asia and Africa but lower than in Europe and the United States. Whereas SD prevalence varies between 2% and 12% throughout the world, the average SD prevalence was 5.2% in this study. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bas,Y., Seckin,H.Y., Kalkan,G., Takci,Z., Citil,R., Onder,Y., Sahin,S., Demir,A.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160217 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Barrett's Esophagus in Patients with GERD in Northern India; Do Methylene Blue-directed Biopsies Improve Detection of Barrett's Esophagus Compared the Conventional Method?	2014	Department of Gastroenterology, India.; Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, India.; Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, India.; Student, Department of Internal Medicine, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Middle East journal of digestive diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Middle East.J.Dig.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 6 Issue 4 Start Page 228 Other Pages 236 Notes LR: 20141030; JID: 101535395; OID: NLM: PMC4208931; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/21 [received]; 2014/09/09 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-5230; 2008-5230 Accession Number PMID: 25349686 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25349686 Abstract BACKGROUND The reported rates of Barrett's esophagus (BE) ranged from 2.6% to 23% in Indian patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. The role of methylene blue chromoendoscopy during endoscopy, either for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus or for the detection of dysplasia and early cancer, remains controversial. AIM: Our study was designed to find out the endoscopic as well as histological prevalence of BE in India in a specified patient population affected by GERD, and whether methylene blue chromoendoscopy improves detection of specialized intestinal metaplasia in endoscopically suspected Barrett's esophagus in GERD patients. METHODS Three hundred and seventy eight patients with characteristic symptoms of GERD from Northern India were subjected to upper endoscopy. On endoscopic suspicion of columnar lined epithelium (CLE) either 4-quadrant conventional biopsies at 2 cm interval or Methylene Blue (MB) directed biopsies were obtained randomly. The two groups were compared for the detection of Specialized Intestinal Metaplasia (SIM), which was diagnosed if the intestinal goblet cells were present. RESULTS Out of 378 patients with GERD, 56 (14.81%) were suspected of CLE on endoscopy. After taking biopsy samples from the 56 patients, only 9 (2.38%) had specialized intestinal metaplasia on histopathological examination. Five (15.15%) patients in the conventional group and four (17.39%) patients in the chromoendoscopy group (p=0.55) were diagnosed as having BE. On univariate analysis the predictors of SIM were symptoms of reflux and length of CLE. CONCLUSION The prevalence of biopsy proven BE and CLE in Northern India was 2.38% and 14.81%, respectively in patients with symptoms of GERD. The results of MB directed biopsies were similar to conventional biopsies in detecting SIM. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wani,I.R., Showkat,H.I., Bhargav,D.K., Samer,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4208931 Editors
Prevalence and risk factors for overlaps between gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study	2009	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestion Periodical, Abbrev. Digestion Pub Date Free Form Volume 79 Issue 3 Start Page 196 Other Pages 201 Notes JID: 0150472; 2009/01/12 [received]; 2009/02/25 [accepted]; 2009/04/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9867; 0012-2823 Accession Number PMID: 19342860 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1159/000211715 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19342860 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: People may have symptoms of multiple disorders at the same time. We aimed to determine prevalence and risk factors for overlaps between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a Korean population. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed on 1,688 randomly selected Korean subjects. Data on 1,443 subjects could be analyzed. Dyspepsia and IBS were diagnosed using modified Rome II criteria. RESULTS: The prevalences of GERD, dyspepsia and IBS were 8.5, 9.5 and 9.6%. Overlaps between GERD and dyspepsia, GERD and IBS, and dyspepsia and IBS were observed in 2.3 (95% CI 1.4-3.0), 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-2.6%) and 1.3% (95% CI 0.6-1.8%) of the population. 27 and 24% of GERD subjects suffered from dyspepsia and IBS. 24 and 14% of dyspeptic subjects had GERD and IBS. 21 and 14% of IBS subjects had GERD and dyspepsia. Anxiety was significantly associated with GERD overlap (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.13-6.57), dyspepsia overlap (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.33-7.63) and IBS overlap (OR 4.92, 95% CI 2.04-11.84), compared with GERD alone, dyspepsia alone and IBS alone. CONCLUSIONS: Overlaps between GERD, dyspepsia, and IBS are common in the general population. These overlaps occur predominantly in individuals with anxiety. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyspepsia/epidemiology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology, Humans, Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,S. Y., Lee,K. J., Kim,S. J., Cho,S. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090403 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and risk factors of ecstasy use among college students in Astara, Islamic Republic of Iran	2009	Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran. mohtashamaz@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Sep-Oct Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 1192 Other Pages 1200 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine); ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 20214133 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20214133 Abstract We determined the prevalence and risk factors for 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") use among college students in Astara, a northern border city of Iran. In a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1226 students, the lifetime prevalence of ecstasy use was 5.6%. The lifetime prevalence of use of other drugs, mostly cannabis and opium, was 4.6%. A fifth of students (21.8%) were current cigarette smokers and 24.8% had ever used alcohol. After logistic regression, the factors influencing ever use of ecstasy were ever use of other drugs, ever use of alcohol, current cigarette smoking and living alone or with friends. Targeted prevention programmes should be conducted in all colleges. Descriptors Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Friends, Health Surveys, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Logistic Models, Male, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Parents/education, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Urban Health/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Amiri,Z. M., Shakib,A. J., Moosavi,A. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence and Severity of Depression and Its Association with Substance Use in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia	2016	Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia.; College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia.; Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Depression research and treatment Periodical, Abbrev. Depress Res.Treat. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2016 Issue Start Page 3460462 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160415; JID: 101546752; OID: NLM: PMC4812317; 2015/11/20 [received]; 2016/02/15 [revised]; 2016/02/16 [accepted]; 2016/03/16 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2090-1321; 2090-1321 Accession Number PMID: 27069680 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1155/2016/3460462 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27069680 Abstract Background. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects 350 million people worldwide. Substance use could be the risk factor for depression. Objective. We aim to determine the prevalence and severity of depression and its association with substance use. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 650 respondents in Jimma town in March 2014. A multistage stratified sampling method was conducted. Structured questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows. Results. The participation rate of respondents was 590/650 (90.77%). The proportion of females was 300 (50.9%). The current prevalence of depression was 171 (29.0%). Based on the BDI-II grading of the severity of depression, 102 (59.6%) had mild, 56 (32.7%) had moderate, 13 (7.6%) had severe depression. In the present study, age of 55 years and above [OR = 5.94, CI: 2.26-15.58], being widowed [OR = 5.18, CI: 1.18-22.76], illiterates [OR = 9.06, CI: 2.96-27.75], khat chewing [OR = 10.07, CI: 5.57-18.25], cigarette smoking [OR = 3.15, CI: 1.51-6.58], and shisha usage [OR = 3.04, CI: 1.01-9.19] were significantly and independently associated with depression. Conclusion. The finding depicted that depression was a moderate public health problem. Advanced age, being widowed, illiterate, khat chewing, and cigarette and shisha smocking could be the potential risk factors for depression. Risk reduction is recommended. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mossie,A., Kindu,D., Negash,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160316 PMCID PMC4812317 Editors
Prevalence and social environment of cigarette smoking in Cyprus youth	2008	Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus. cchristophi@cyprusinstitute.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 2-Jun Volume 8 Issue Start Page 190 Other Pages 2458-8-190 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC2435118; 2007/09/21 [received]; 2008/06/02 [accepted]; 2008/06/02 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 18518947 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-190 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18518947 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Limited data exist regarding the extent of the problem among Cyprus youth. We use the Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among middle and high school students as well as the social environment in which this is taking place. METHODS: The survey was conducted by the Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to select a representative sample of students from middle and high schools registered with the Republic of Cyprus in 2005-2006. The study questionnaire consisted of 99 questions and participation in the survey was voluntary. Statistical analyses were performed taking into consideration the specific design of the study and the sample weights associated with each completed questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking, defined as having smoked cigarettes on one or more days of the past 30 days, is 13% among boys and 7% among girls in middle schools, and 36% among boys and 23% among girls in high schools. Furthermore, 16% of middle school students and more than 24% of high school students that had never smoked indicated that they are likely to initiate smoking within the next year. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is also very high with 91% of students reporting being exposed to smoke in places outside home. In addition, more than 95% of current smokers reported that they had bought cigarettes in a store during the past month and were not refused cigarettes because of their age. CONCLUSION: Smoking prevalence among Cyprus middle and high school students is high and there are indications of an increase in the prevalence of smoking among girls over the last few years. Susceptibility rates, exposure to second-hand smoke, and access to and availability of cigarettes to youth are also high and concerning. The present survey indicates that the problem of cigarette smoking among youth in Cyprus is significant and requires collective action immediately. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Advertising as Topic, Cluster Analysis, Cyprus/epidemiology, Female, Health Education/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Marketing/statistics & numerical data, Mass Media, Prevalence, School Health Services, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Environment, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Christophi,C. A., Kolokotroni,O., Alpert,H. R., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Demokritou,P., Connolly,G. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080602 PMCID PMC2435118 Editors

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