WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Poor sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus	2014	Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society Periodical, Abbrev. Neurogastroenterol.Motil. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 26 Issue 3 Start Page 346 Other Pages 352 Notes LR: 20150515; CI: (c) 2013; GR: DK58338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K24 DK078154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K24-04-107/PHS HHS/United States; GR: P30 DK056338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 116845/PHS HHS/United States; GR: R01 C Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1365-2982; 1350-1925 Accession Number PMID: 24460751 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1111/nmo.12265 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24460751 Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reduces sleep quality. Whether Barrett's esophagus (BE) affects sleep differently is unknown. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often coexists with GERD and may disrupt sleep; whether GERD reduces sleep quality independently of OSA is unknown. Our aims were to compare the effect of GERD and BE on sleep quality, and assess the impact of OSA on this association. METHODS: Validated questionnaires for GERD symptoms, sleep quality, and OSA risk were prospectively administered to subjects undergoing upper endoscopy. GERD was defined by erosive esophagitis and/or reflux symptoms >1/week. BE was defined histologically. Controls had normal endoscopy and were asymptomatic. Poor sleep quality was defined by a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score >5. Risk of OSA was defined by a positive Berlin Questionnaire. The risk poor sleep quality in GERD, BE, and controls was evaluated in multivariate models. KEY RESULTS: 83 GERD, 63 BE, and 75 controls were included. OSA and poor sleep quality were significantly more frequent in GERD (65% and 60%) but not BE (52% and 46%) compared with controls (48% and 39%). Controlling for age, race, gender, smoking, body mass index, and hypertension, the risk of poor sleep quality was significantly increased in GERD compared with controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-6.80), significance was lost after adding OSA to the model (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 0.87-5.85). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: GERD but not BE increases the risk of poor sleep quality. This association is not independent of OSA. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons Ltd Data Source Authors Vela,M.F., Kramer,J.R., Richardson,P.A., Dodge,R., El-Serag,H.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131209 PMCID PMC3944589 Editors
Porsche Design's Shisha 2 hits the Lebanese market	2016	Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 10-Feb Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160213; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26865638 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052709 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26865638 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alaouie,H., Nakkash,R., Afifi,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160210 PMCID Editors
Portrayal of waterpipe (shisha, hookah, nargile) smoking on Twitter: a qualitative exploration	2016	South East Wales Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, UK. Electronic address: granta2@cardiff.ac.uk.; Centre for the Study of Knowledge, Expertise and Science, School of Social Science, Cardiff University, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160813; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0376507; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/08 [received]; 2016/07/06 [revised]; 2016/07/10 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1476-5616; 0033-3506 Accession Number PMID: 27520707 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0033-3506(16)30165-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27520707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To describe and characterize social media content in relation to waterpipe smoking using qualitative methods. STUDY DESIGN: Exploratory qualitative design. METHODS: A representative sample of pre-existing social media content from Twitter relating to waterpipe smoking and written in the English language was collected during a 1 week period in July 2014. A total of 9671 tweets were collected; duplicates and retweets were removed leaving 4439 unique tweets. Data were analyzed semiotically (positive, negative, positive and negative, no sentiment, unclassifiable) and thematically. Photographs attached to tweets written by individual users indexed using #hookah (n = 299) were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: Over half of all tweets were positive about waterpipe smoking (59%), with 3% negative, 21% lacking sentiment and 17% unclassifiable. However, there were variations by likely author of tweet, with 91% of tweets from individual users classified as positive. Twitter users focused on their emotional experience, location, other products they were consuming alongside waterpipe smoking, and who they were with. Analysis of photographs highlighted a high degree of synergy between text and visual representations of waterpipe smoking, and two thirds of photographs contained at least part of a waterpipe. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking may be normalized as an enjoyable activity in this online environment, posing a challenge for public health. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Grant,A., O'Mahoney,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160809 PMCID Editors
Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus - Liberia, 2015	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 8-May Volume 64 Issue 17 Start Page 479 Other Pages 481 Notes LR: 20160122; JID: 7802429; 0 (RNA, Viral); EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Oct 23;64(41):1180. Cordier-Lasalle, Thierry [Corrected to Cordier-Lassalle, Thierry]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25950255 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI mm6417a6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25950255 Abstract On March 20, 2015, 30 days after the most recent confirmed Ebola Virus Disease (Ebola) patient in Liberia was isolated, Ebola was laboratory confirmed in a woman in Monrovia. The investigation identified only one epidemiologic link to Ebola: unprotected vaginal intercourse with a survivor. Published reports from previous outbreaks have demonstrated Ebola survivors can continue to harbor virus in immunologically privileged sites for a period of time after convalescence. Ebola virus has been isolated from semen as long as 82 days after symptom onset and viral RNA has been detected in semen up to 101 days after symptom onset. One instance of possible sexual transmission of Ebola has been reported, although the accompanying evidence was inconclusive. In addition, possible sexual transmission of Marburg virus, a filovirus related to Ebola, was documented in 1968. This report describes the investigation by the Government of Liberia and international response partners of the source of Liberia's latest Ebola case and discusses the public health implications of possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus. Based on information gathered in this investigation, CDC now recommends that contact with semen from male Ebola survivors be avoided until more information regarding the duration and infectiousness of viral shedding in body fluids is known. If male survivors have sex (oral, vaginal, or anal), a condom should be used correctly and consistently every time. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Christie,A., Davies-Wayne,G.J., Cordier-Lassalle,T., Blackley,D.J., Laney,A.S., Williams,D.E., Shinde,S.A., Badio,M., Lo,T., Mate,S.E., Ladner,J.T., Wiley,M.R., Kugelman,J.R., Palacios,G., Holbrook,M.R., Janosko,K.B., de Wit,E., van Doremalen,N., Munster,V.J., Pettitt,J., Schoepp,R.J., Verhenne,L., Evlampidou,I., Kollie,K.K., Sieh,S.B., Gasasira,A., Bolay,F., Kateh,F.N., Nyenswah,T.G., De Cock,K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Postoperative hypoxemia and oxygen need in bakers compared with cigarette and water pipe smokers	2006	Maghsoudi, B., Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz Univerity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Iran.J.Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 31 Issue 3 Start Page 139 Other Pages 142 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-0716; 1735-3688 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after general anesthesia. It usually takes longer to recover in individuals with respiratory problems. Bakers may suffer from respiratory problems such as asthma. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of hypoxemia and duration of supplemental oxygen administration during recovery from general anesthesia in bakers and smokers. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients (55-70 years) undergone elective eye surgeries were assigned to four groups (n=30 each) of cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers, bakers, and controls. Method of anesthesia was routine and the same in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia in recovery room was assessed and the duration of supplemental O 2 to treat hypoxemia was measured in each group. Results Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was above 92% before anesthesia in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in bakers (60%) compared to cigarette smokers (36.6%), water pipe smokers (40%) or controls (30%). Mean duration of supplemental O2 administration was shorter in the control group (14Â±9 min) compared to those of cigarette smokers (30Â±16 min), water pipe smokers (28Â±14 min) or bakers (34Â±10 min). Conclusion: Bakers are more prone to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia than smokers or normal subjects. However, both bakers and smokers will need careful SaO2 monitoring and longer duration of supplemental O2 administration during recovery from general anesthesia if hypoxemia occurs. Descriptors adult, aged, arterial oxygen saturation, article, asthma, smoking, controlled study, elective surgery, human, hypoxemia, major clinical study, oxygen consumption, postoperative complication, recovery room, respiratory tract disease, work Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maghsoudi,B., Chohedri,A., Nasser Al-Shreafi,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL http://ijms.sums.ac.ir/31_3/05-Maghsoudi.pdf Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Postpartum contraception utilization among low-income women seeking immunization for infants in Mumbai, India	2014	Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Contraception Periodical, Abbrev. Contraception Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 89 Issue 6 Start Page 516 Other Pages 520 Notes LR: 20150601; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 1 R03 HD055120-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: K12 HD001259/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: K12 HD001259/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 DA023356/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0234361; 0 ( Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-0518; 0010-7824 Accession Number PMID: 24560478 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.01.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24560478 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine postpartum contraception utilization among Indian women seeking immunization for their infants in three low-income communities in Mumbai, India. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire of low-income postpartum women seeking immunization for their infants at three large urban health centers in Mumbai. Contraceptive utilization data were collected as part of a larger study focused on the impact of postpartum domestic violence on maternal and infant health. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to describe and identify predictors of postpartum contraceptive utilization. RESULTS: Postpartum women aged 17-45 years (N=1049) completed the survey; 44.5% (n=467) reported resuming sexual relations with their husbands. Among these women, the majority (65.3%; n=305) reported not currently using contraception. In multivariate analyses, women who did not discuss postpartum family planning with their husbands, had not used contraception previous to the recent birth, and had experienced physical violence or forced sex were more likely to not use postpartum contraception (adjusted odds ratios=1.47-1.77). Among the 162 women using contraception, the most common time to initiation of contraception was 5 weeks postpartum, and the most common method used was condoms 77.8% (n=126). CONCLUSION: Contraception nonuse was common among urban, low-income postpartum women in India. This study highlights the importance of developing interventions to increase use of highly effective contraceptive methods postpartum, and that spousal violence and lack of marital communication may present barriers to postpartum contraception utilization. Infant immunization may represent an opportunity for provision of contraceptives and contraceptive counseling. IMPLICATIONS: This original research study is a unique contribution to the literature because it presents data regarding the nonuse of postpartum contraception among women seeking immunizations for their infants in urban centers in a developing country. It also reveals barriers to not using postpartum contraception and provides data for future interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Mody,S.K., Nair,S., Dasgupta,A., Raj,A., Donta,B., Saggurti,N., Naik,D.D., Silverman,J.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140110 PMCID PMC4264596 Editors
Postpartum contraception: developing strategies for expanded services	1990		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Network (Research Triangle Park, N.C.) Periodical, Abbrev. Netw.Res.Triangle Park.N.C. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 11 Issue 3 Start Page 1,8 Other Pages 9,15 Notes LR: 20120817; JID: 9509506; OID: CPFH: 27369cr990; OID: POP: 00197163; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: Also published in Spanish under the title, "La anticoncepcion postparto: el desarrollo de estrategias para ampliar los servicios", in Network en Espanol 5( Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0270-3637; 0270-3637 Accession Number PMID: 12342902 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12342902 Abstract PIP: Contraception should be integrated into maternity care programs and made accessible to postpartum women to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The advantages of integrating family planning and maternal care services include a cost-effective operation by employing current resources and staff and contraceptive distribution to women who otherwise may have no access to contraceptive methods. 2 key factors for such a program are timing and counseling. Educating women about contraception should begin during prenatal visits; pregnant women could be advised concerning appropriate methods and proper timing to begin contraceptive usage after birth. Furthermore, rural women would benefit by family planning services providing prenatal care and family planning counseling. Understanding cultural factors associated with resuming sexual activity after birth is also important in implementing successful contraceptive services. In some cultures, sexual activity is disfavored for a designated period of time after giving birth; thus, a delay in beginning contraceptive usage may not pose a problem until sexual relations are resumed. Counseling would provide information regarding available contraceptive methods as well as the effectiveness of breastfeeding as a natural means of postpartum contraception. Descriptors Ambulatory Care Facilities, Birth Intervals, Counseling, Culture, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Planning, Health Planning Guidelines, Health Services, Health Services Needs and Demand, Maternal Health Services, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Organization and Administration, Philosophy, Population, Population Characteristics, Postnatal Care, Primary Health Care, Birth Spacing, Clinic Activities, Cultural Background, Demographic Factors, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Integrated Programs, Maternal-child Health Services, Needs, Philosophical Overview, Postpartum Programs, Program Activities, Programs, Recommendations Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Townsend,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Reproductive health Periodical, Abbrev. Reprod.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4755-12-S2-S11. Epub 2015 Jun 8 Notes LR: 20160218; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01073475; GR: U01 HD040477/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 HD040607/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01HD040636/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD076457/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD0764 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1742-4755; 1742-4755 Accession Number PMID: 26063346 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1742-4755-12-S2-S11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26063346 Abstract BACKGROUND: During the post-partum period, most women wish to delay or prevent future pregnancies. Despite this, the unmet need for family planning up to a year after delivery is higher than at any other time. This study aims to assess fertility intention, contraceptive usage and unmet need for family planning amongst women who are six weeks postpartum, as well as to identify those at greatest risk of having an unmet need for family planning during this period. METHODS: Using the NICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research's multi-site, prospective, ongoing, active surveillance system to track pregnancies and births in 100 rural geographic clusters in 5 countries (India, Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya and Guatemala), we assessed fertility intention and contraceptive usage at day 42 post-partum. RESULTS: We gathered data on 36,687 women in the post-partum period. Less than 5% of these women wished to have another pregnancy within the year. Despite this, rates of modern contraceptive usage varied widely and unmet need ranged from 25% to 96%. Even amongst users of modern contraceptives, the uptake of the most effective long-acting reversible contraceptives (intrauterine devices) was low. Women of age less than 20 years, parity of two or less, limited education and those who deliver at home were at highest risk for having unmet need. CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks postpartum, almost all women wish to delay or prevent a future pregnancy. Even in sites where early contraceptive adoption is common, there is substantial unmet need for family planning. This is consistently highest amongst women below the age of 20 years. Interventions aimed at increasing the adoption of effective contraceptive methods are urgently needed in the majority of sites in order to reduce unmet need and to improve both maternal and infant outcomes, especially amongst young women. STUDY REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT01073475). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pasha,O., Goudar,S.S., Patel,A., Garces,A., Esamai,F., Chomba,E., Moore,J.L., Kodkany,B.S., Saleem,S., Derman,R.J., Liechty,E.A., Hibberd,P.L., Hambidge,K., Krebs,N.F., Carlo,W.A., McClure,E.M., Koso-Thomas,M., Goldenberg,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150608 PMCID PMC4464604 Editors
Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves	2012	Department of Virology and Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Fitoterapia Periodical, Abbrev. Fitoterapia Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 83 Issue 2 Start Page 362 Other Pages 367 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 16930290R; 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Flavones); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Plant Extracts); 525-82-6 (flavone); X4HES1O11F (Acyclovir); 2011/10/28 [received]; 2011/11/22 [revised]; 2011/11/25 [accepted]; 2011/12/03 [ahead Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-6971; 0367-326X Accession Number PMID: 22155188 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22155188 Abstract Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPLC analysis. The antiviral activity of each substance was then evaluated in cell culture. Three known flavone glycosides, (1) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (2) kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and (3) kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, showing highest antiviral efficiency were selected and their structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These three flavones were highly effective against HSV-1 reaching a selectivity index (SI) of 266, 100 and 666 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the SI of their aglycons, quercetin and kaempferol amounted only in 7.1 and 3.2, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside showed similar SI to that of acyclovir (ACV), the standard anti-HSV drug. Although highly effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, these flavone glycosides did not show any significant activity against VZV. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Yarmolinsky,L., Huleihel,M., Zaccai,M., Ben-Shabat,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111203 PMCID Editors
Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: a chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol	2015	National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Publ	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 15 Other Pages 015-0038-7. eCollection 2015 Notes LR: 20150701; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC4482188; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/02/17 [received]; 2015/04/25 [accepted]; 2015/06/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2070-7266; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 26120296 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/s12971-015-0038-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26120296 Abstract BACKGROUND: A shisha-pen is an electronic cigarette variant that is advertised to mimic the taste of a water pipe, or shisha. The aim of this study was to assess the potential harmful health effects caused by inhaling the vapor of a nicotine-free shisha-pen. METHODS: Gas chromatography analysis was performed to determine the major components in shisha-pen vapor. Risk assessment was performed using puff volumes of e-cigarettes and "normal" cigarettes and a 1-puff scenario (one-time exposure). The concentrations that reached the airways and lungs after using a shisha-pen were calculated and compared to data from published toxicity studies. RESULTS: The main components in shisha-pen vapor are propylene glycol and glycerol (54%/46%). One puff (50 to 70 mL) results in exposure of propylene glycol and glycerol of 430 to 603 mg/m(3) and 348 to 495 mg/m(3), respectively. These exposure concentrations were higher than the points of departure for airway irritation based on a human study (propylene glycol, mean concentration of 309 mg/m(3)) and a rat study (glycerol, no-observed adverse effect level of 165 mg/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Already after one puff of the shisha-pen, the concentrations of propylene glycol and glycerol are sufficiently high to potentially cause irritation of the airways. New products such as the shisha-pen should be detected and risks should be assessed to inform regulatory actions aimed at limiting potential harm that may be caused to consumers and protecting young people to take up smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kienhuis,A.S., Soeteman-Hernandez,L.G., Bos,P.M., Cremers,H.W., Klerx,W.N., Talhout,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150627 PMCID PMC4482188 Editors

E-mail