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Microbiological and physicochemical characterisation of caxiri, an alcoholic beverage produced by the indigenous Juruna people of Brazil	2012	Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), CP 3037 - Campus Universitario, CEP 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 156 Issue 2 Start Page 112 Other Pages 121 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 2011/11/25 [received]; 2012/02/11 [revised]; 2012/03/11 [accepted]; 2012/03/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 22497838 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22497838 Abstract Caxiri is a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage produced from cassava and sweet potatoes by the indigenous Juruna or Yudja people in Brazil. Our results showed that caxiri fermentation is invariably associated with the following: (i) an increase in the total microbial population, with yeast being the largest group detected; (ii) a decrease in reducing sugars, malic, tartaric, succinic, oxalic and propionic acid; and (iii) a final product characterised by a high content of ethanol and a high concentration of lactic acid. The microbial community dynamics were investigated by culture-based and culture-independent approaches. Fermentation was assisted by a complex microbial community that changed in structure and composition during the fermentative process. The bacterial population ranged from 3.05 to 5.33 log/mL, and the yeast population varied from 3.27 log CFU/mL to 7.34 log CFU/mL, showing that yeasts dominated the fermentation process after 48 h. A total of 343 colonies of bacteria and 205 colonies of yeasts were isolated and initially grouped by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and by biochemical features. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of representative isolates showed that the bacteria were mainly represented by endospore-forming low-G+C content Gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus spp.; 61.5% of the isolates), with Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus spp. (Bacillus cereus group), and Bacillus subtilis being the main species identified. The species Sphingomonas sp. and Pediococcus acidilactici were also found. The dominant yeast identified was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Pichia membranifaciens, Pichia guilliermondii and Cryptococcus luteolus were also found. According to the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis, the microbial communities present during fermentation were probably from the raw materials, ambient or present on the utensils used during beverage preparation. The results indicated the necessity to combine both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods for a better description of the microbial communities in indigenous starch fermentations. Also, pH values decreased from 4.76 to 3.15 during fermentation. The ethanol concentration was 83.9 g/L and lactic acid reached 27.89 g/L by the end of the fermentation process. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Santos,C.C., Almeida,E.G., Melo,G.V., Schwan,R.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120320 PMCID Editors
Microbiological components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke	2012	Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lennart.Larsson@med.lu.se.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 16-Aug Volume 10 Issue 1 Start Page 13 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130402; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC3444954; 2012/06/08 [received]; 2012/08/08 [accepted]; 2012/08/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1617-9625; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 22898193 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 1617-9625-10-13 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22898193 Abstract BACKGROUND: Research has shown that tobacco smoke contains substances of microbiological origin such as ergosterol (a fungal membrane lipid) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria). The aim of the present study was to compare the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in the tobacco and mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke of some popular US cigarettes. METHODS: We measured LPS 3-hydroxy fatty acids and fungal biomass biomarker ergosterol in the tobacco and smoke from cigarettes of 11 popular brands purchased in the US. University of Kentucky reference cigarettes were also included for comparison. RESULTS: The cigarette tobacco of the different brands contained 6.88-16.17 (mean 10.64) pmol LPS and 8.27-21.00 (mean 14.05) ng ergosterol/mg. There was a direct correlation between the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in cigarette tobacco and in MS smoke collected using continuous suction; the MS smoke contained 3.65-8.23% (ergosterol) and 10.02-20.13% (LPS) of the amounts in the tobacco. Corresponding percentages were 0.30-0.82% (ergosterol) and 0.42-1.10% (LPS) for SS smoke collected without any ongoing suction, and 2.18% and 2.56% for MS smoke collected from eight two-second puffs. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoke is a bioaerosol likely to contain a wide range of potentially harmful bacterial and fungal components. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Larsson,L., Pehrson,C., Dechen,T., Crane-Godreau,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120816 PMCID PMC3444954 Editors
Microbiome and potential targets for chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma	2016	Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Seminars in oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Semin.Oncol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 43 Issue 1 Start Page 86 Other Pages 96 Notes LR: 20160315; CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; GR: R01 CA159036/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA159036/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159414/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03CA159414/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 CA182370/CA/NCI Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1532-8708; 0093-7754 Accession Number PMID: 26970127 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26970127 Abstract Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a dismal prognosis. It is increasingly recognized that esophageal cancer is a heterogeneous disease. It can be subdivided into two distinct groups: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, based on histological appearance. In the Western world, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was considerably higher than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) until the 1990s when, due to a dramatic increase, the incidence of EA surpassed that of squamous cell carcinoma. EA typically follows a well-established stepwise evolution from chronic inflammation due to reflux esophagitis (RE) that progresses to metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus [BE]) to dysplasia, which often culminates in EA. The pathophysiology of EA is complex and involves diverse factors, including gastroesophageal reflux, gastric acid secretion, dysfunction of the antireflux barrier, gastric emptying disturbances, and abnormalities in esophageal defense mechanisms. The current understanding of the etiology of EA is mainly derived from epidemiological studies of risk factors such as cigarette smoking, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disorders (GERD), and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Numerous studies have been done, but the factors that drive the dynamic increase in the incidence of EA remain elusive. The advent of widespread antibiotic use occurred in the 1950s, preceding the surge of EA. Based on this temporal sequence, it has been hypothesized that antibiotics alter the microbiome to which the esophagus is exposed in patients who have GERD and that chronic exposure to this abnormal microbiome (ie, changes in species diversity or abundance) accounts for the increase in EA. If changes in the proposed factors alter the stepwise progression (RE-BE-dysplasia-EA), they may represent potential targets for chemoprevention. New discoveries will help improve our understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these cancers, and aid in finding novel therapeutic targets. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neto,A.G., Whitaker,A., Pei,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150907 PMCID PMC4789168 Editors
MicroRNA Expression can be a Promising Strategy for the Detection of Barrett's Esophagus: A Pilot Study	2014	1] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA [2] University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA [3] Kansas Cancer Institute, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.; Department of Molecular a	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical and translational gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Transl.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form 11-Dec Volume 5 Issue Start Page e65 Other Pages Notes LR: 20141231; JID: 101532142; OID: NLM: PMC4274369; 2014/08/15 [received]; 2014/11/10 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2155-384X Accession Number PMID: 25502391 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1038/ctg.2014.17 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25502391 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Patient outcomes for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have not improved despite huge advances in endoscopic therapy because cancers are being diagnosed late. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the primary precursor lesion for EAC, and thus the non-endoscopic molecular diagnosis of BE can be an important approach to improve EAC outcomes if robust biomarkers for timely diagnosis are identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tissue-specific novel biomarkers that regulate gene expression and may satisfy this requirement. METHODS: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and BE were selected from an ongoing tissue and serum repository. BE was defined by the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Previously published miRNA sequencing profiles of GERD and BE patients allowed us to select three miRNAs, miR-192-5p, -215-5p, and -194-5p, for further testing in a discovery cohort and an independent validation cohort. Receiver operating curves were generated to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of these miRNAs for BE diagnosis. To test specificity, the miRNA signature was compared with those of the gastric cardia epithelium and the non-intestinal-type columnar epithelium (another definition of BE). In addition, to gain insights into BE origin (intestinal vs non-intestinal), global BE miRNA profiles were compared with the published miRNA profiles of other columnar epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract, that is, normal stomach and small and large intestine. RESULTS: The discovery cohort included 67 white male patients (40 with GERD and 27 with BE). The validation cohort included 28 patients (19 with GERD and 11 with BE). In the discovery cohort, the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of the three mRNAs for BE diagnosis were 92-100%, 94-95%, and 0.96-0.97, respectively. During validation, the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs for BE diagnosis were as follows: miR-192-5p, 92% and 94%, AUC 0.94 (0.80-0.99, P=0.0004); miR-215-5p, 100% and 94%, AUC 0.98 (0.84-1, P=0.0004); and miR-194-5p, 91% and 94%, AUC 0.96 (0.80-0.99, P=0.0001), respectively. The tested miRNAs identified all BE patients in both the discovery and the validation cohorts. When compared with non intestinal-type columnar and gastric cardia epithelia, the miRNA signature was specific to the intestinal-type columnar epithelium. Comparisons of BE miRNA sequencing data to published data sets for the normal stomach, small intestine and large intestine confirmed that two of the three miRNAs (miR-215-5p and -194-5p) were specific to the intestinal-type epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNAs are highly accurate for detecting intestinal-type BE epithelia and should be tested further for the non-endoscopic molecular diagnosis of BE. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bansal,A., Hong,X., Lee,I.H., Krishnadath,K.K., Mathur,S.C., Gunewardena,S., Rastogi,A., Sharma,P., Christenson,L.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141211 PMCID PMC4274369 Editors
Microscopic biologic features of drinking water for the water mains of Budapest (Hungarian)	1974	Fovar. Kozeges. Jarvanyugyl Allom., Budapest	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. EGESZSEGTUDOMANY Pub Date Free Form 1974/ Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 409 Other Pages 415 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0013-2268 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Results of the microscopic biological examinations of samples taken from the watermains of Budapest, are reported. The different plant and animal species occurring in the network of water pipes are treated in detail. Factors which play a role in development of the present biological quality are discussed. It was found that the biological quality of drinking water in the individual districts depends decisively on the way of water production. Descriptors drinking water, environmental health, microorganism Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Hegedus,J., Hegedus,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microshear bond strength of resin composite to teeth affected by molar hypomineralization using 2 adhesive systems	2006	Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatric dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatr.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 28 Issue 3 Start Page 233 Other Pages 241 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7909102; 0 (Clearfil SE Bond); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Filtek Supreme); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (single bond); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0164-1263; 0164-1263 Accession Number PMID: 16805355 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16805355 Abstract PURPOSE: When restoring hypomineralized first permanent molars, placement of cavo-surface margins can be difficult to ascertain due to uncertainty of the bonding capability of the tooth surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adhesion of resin composite bonded to control and hypomineralized enamel with an all-etch single-bottle adhesive or self-etching primer adhesive. METHODS: Specimens of control enamel (N=44) and hypomineralized enamel (N=45) had a 0.975-mm diameter composite rod (Filtek Supreme Universal Restorative) bonded with either 3M ESPE Single Bond or Clearfil SE Bond following manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were stressed in shear at 1 mm/min to failure (microshear bond strength). Etched enamel surfaces and enamel-adhesive interfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The microshear bond strength (MPa) of resin composite bonded to hypomineralized enamel was significantly lower than for control enamel (3M ESPE Single Bond=7.08 +/- 4.90 vs 16.27 +/- 10.04; Clearfil SE Bond=10.39 +/- 7.56 vs 19.63 +/- 7.42; P=.001). Fractures were predominantly adhesive in control enamel and cohesive in hypomineralized enamel. Scotchbond etchant produced deep interprismatic and intercrystal porosity in control enamel and shallow etch patterns with minimal intercrystal porosity in hypomineralized enamel. Control enamel appeared almost unaffected by SE Primer; hypomineralized enamel showed shallow etching. The hypomineralized enamel-adhesive interface was porous with cracks in the enamel. The control enamel-adhesive interface displayed a hybrid layer of even thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The microshear bond strength of resin composite bonded to hypomineralized enamel was significantly lower than for control enamel. This was supported by differences seen in etch patterns and at the enamel-adhesive interface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Adhesiveness, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Child, Preschool, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/abnormalities/ultrastructure, Dental Enamel Permeability, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molar/abnormalities, Porosity, Resin Cements, Shear Strength, Tooth Demineralization/therapy Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors William,V., Burrow,M. F., Palamara,J. E., Messer,L. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microtensile bond strength of a resin-based fissure sealant to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-etched primary enamel	2016	Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Bagdat Caddesi No. 238, Goztepe, Kadikoy, 34728, Istanbul, Turkey. elifsung@yahoo.com.; Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Gazi University, 8. Cd. 1.Sok.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Odontology / the Society of the Nippon Dental University Periodical, Abbrev. Odontology Pub Date Free Form May Volume 104 Issue 2 Start Page 163 Other Pages 169 Notes JID: 101134822; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/19 [received]; 2015/03/15 [accepted]; 2015/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1618-1255; 1618-1247 Accession Number PMID: 25847685 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1007/s10266-015-0203-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25847685 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser pre-treatment alone, or associated with acid-etching, on the microtensile bond strength of a resin-based fissure sealant to primary enamel. Twenty-five human primary molars were randomly divided into five groups including (1) 35 % acid etching, (2) 2.5-W laser etching, (3) 3.5-W laser etching, (4) 2.5-W laser etching + acid etching, and (5) 3.5-W laser etching + acid etching. Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used at a wavelength of 2.780 nm and pulse duration of 140-200 mus with a repetition rate of 20 Hz. Following surface pre-treatment, the fissure sealant (ClinPro, 3M Dental Products) was applied. Each tooth was sectioned and subjected to microtensile testing. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sungurtekin-Ekci,E., Oztas,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150407 PMCID Editors
Microtensile bond strengths and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of self-adhesive and self-etch resin cements to intact and etched enamel	2008	Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4905, USA. sillas.duarte@case.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prosthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 100 Issue 3 Start Page 203 Other Pages 210 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376364; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Filtek Z250); 0 (Organophosphonates); 0 (Polymethacrylic Acids); 0 (Rely X Unicem); 0 (RelyX ARC); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Scotchbond etchant); 0 (multilink adhesive system); 0 (single bond); 30IQX730WE ( Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6841; 0022-3913 Accession Number PMID: 18762032 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60179-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18762032 Abstract STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The longevity of indirect adhesively cemented restorations is directly related to the bond quality of resin cements to dental tissues. Bonding to cervical enamel can generate significantly lower bond strengths than bonding to other enamel areas. The effect of enamel pretreatment on bond strengths of self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to cervical enamel remains undetermined. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cervical enamel bond strengths of self-adhesive, self-etch resin cements according to acid pretreatment, using a total-etch resin cement as the control. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The proximal surfaces of 20 extracted molars were sectioned to obtain 40 enamel rectangles with an area of 8.0 x 4.0 mm. The rectangular enamel specimens were assigned to 1 of 5 enamel experimental groups: intact enamel + RelyX Unicem (UN), etched enamel + UN (UNpa), intact enamel + Multilink (ML), etched enamel + ML (MLpa), and the total-etch-based RelyX ARC (RX; control group). Standard 8.0 x 4.0 x 6.0-mm composite resin blocks (Z250) were cemented to all specimens. The bonded enamel surfaces were sectioned into sticks with a cross-section of 0.8 +/-0.2 mm(2) and tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test (alpha=.05). Additionally, the enamel etching pattern was investigated for all experimental groups using field-emission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant differences among different resin cements (P RX (19.40 (9.47)). Acid etching of enamel before application of self-etch resin cement did not improve the mean bond strengths (SD) for self-etch resin cement [ML (5.38 (5.97)); MLpa (5.23 (1.1))]. Self-adhesive and self-etch resin cements yielded the lowest significant mean bond strengths (SD) when applied on intact enamel: UN (13.03 (2.82)) > ML (5.38 (5.97)). Scanning electron microscopy showed a consistent etching pattern for phosphoric acid-etched specimens. Self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements applied directly to intact enamel showed inconsistent areas of etching. CONCLUSIONS: Etching cervical enamel surfaces resulted in significantly higher bond strengths for self-adhesive resin cement. For self-etch resin cement, etching did not improve bond strength. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Humans, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Organophosphonates/chemistry, Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tensile Strength, Tooth Cervix/ultrastructure Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Duarte,S.,Jr, Botta,A. C., Meire,M., Sadan,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microwave assisted extraction combined with solvent bar microextraction for one-step solvent-minimized extraction, cleanup and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples	2013	Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 19-Apr Volume 1286 Issue Start Page 9 Other Pages 15 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Soil Pollutants); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 2012/12/13 [received]; 2013/02/21 [revised]; 2013/02/21 [accepted]; 2013/02/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 23497848 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.067 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23497848 Abstract For the first time, a novel one-step sample preparation method that combines microwave assisted extraction and solvent bar microextraction (MAE-SBME) with analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the fast and efficient determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental soil samples. An interesting feature of the new procedure is that SBME was conducted simultaneously with MAE. Thus, the extract from the SBME could be directly and immediately analyzed by GC-MS. A separate clean up and/or preconcentration process, such as time-consuming and tedious gel permeation chromatography, solid-phase extraction, filtration, or adsorption chromatography, normally associated with conventional MAE, was not necessary. It is also notable that the procedure was environmentally benign since water was used as the extraction solvent in MAE, and only several microliters of organic solvent were used in SBME. Some factors affecting the extraction were studied and optimized. Under the most favorable conditions, the method showed good linearities (between 0.2 and 500, 0.5 and 500, 1 and 500, and 2 and 500 ng/g, depending on the analytes), low limits of detection (from 0.03 to 0.25 ng/g), and satisfactory precision (with relative standard deviations below 9.8%). The MAE-SBME procedure provides a fast and simple sample preparation approach for the processing of environmental soil samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Guo,L., Lee,H.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130227 PMCID Editors
Microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for isolation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fish	2012	Department of Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 11-May Volume 1237 Issue Start Page 30 Other Pages 36 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 2012/01/10 [received]; 2012/02/28 [revised]; 2012/02/29 [accepted]; 2012/03/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22483095 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.078 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22483095 Abstract A simple and efficient method was developed using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction and quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish. Benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and pyrene were employed as model compounds and spiked to smoked fish to assess the extraction procedure. Several parameters, including the nature and volume of hydrolysis, extracting and disperser solvents, microwave time and pH, were optimized. In the optimum condition for MAE, 1g of fish sample was extracted in 12 mL KOH (2M) and ethanol with a 50:50 ratio in a closed-vessel system. For DLLME, 500 muL of acetone (disperser solvent) containing 100 muL of ethylene tetrachloride (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected by syringe into 12 mL of the sample extract solution (previously adjusted to pH 6.5), thereby forming a cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation and a volume of 1.5 muL of the sedimented phase was analyzed by GC-MS in select ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Satisfactory results were achieved when this method was applied to analyze the PAHs in smoked fish samples. The MAE-DLLME method coupled with GC-MS provided excellent enrichment factors (in the range of 244-373 for 16 PAHs) and good repeatability (with a relative standard deviation between 2.8 and 9%) for spiked smoked fish. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 1-200 ng g(-1), with the square of the correlation coefficient (R(2))>0.981 and detection limits between 0.11 and 0.43 ng g(-1). The recoveries of those compounds in smoked fish were from 82.1% to 105.5%. A comparison of this method with previous methods demonstrated that the proposed method is an accurate, rapid and reliable sample-pretreatment method that gives very good enrichment factors and detection limits for extracting and determining PAHs from smoked fish. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi,V., Mohammadi,A., Hashemi,M., Khaksar,R., Haratian,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120310 PMCID Editors

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