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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2012	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. yisheng@mail.mcu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the science of food and agriculture Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sci.Food Agric. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 92 Issue 10 Start Page 2069 Other Pages 2075 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0376334; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2011/06/20 [received]; 2011/11/26 [revised]; 2011/12/04 [accepted]; 2012/01/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0010; 0022-5142 Accession Number PMID: 22271629 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/jsfa.5583 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22271629 Abstract BACKGROUND: Jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The microflora of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in jiang-gua have not been investigated in detail. In this study, LAB from jiang-gua were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 103 LAB were isolated; 70 cultures were isolated from jiang-gua samples and 33 cultures were isolated from its raw substrate, cucumber. These isolates were mainly characterised phenotypically and then divided into seven groups (A-G) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Weissella cibaria and Weissella hellenica. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined and 11 Lc. lactis subsp. lactis strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157(T) . CONCLUSION: Heterofermentative W. cibaria and Leu. lactis were the major LAB found in jiang-gua samples without soy sauce. In soy sauce-added samples, homofermentative L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the most abundant LAB. In addition, the results also suggested that HhaI and RsaI restriction enzymes could be applied to distinguish W. hellenica and Weissella paramesenteroides. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society of Chemical Industry Data Source Authors Chen,Y.S., Wu,H.C., Lo,H.Y., Lin,W.C., Hsu,W.H., Lin,C.W., Lin,P.Y., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120123 PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from yan-jiang (fermented ginger), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2011	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the science of food and agriculture Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sci.Food Agric. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 91 Issue 10 Start Page 1746 Other Pages 1750 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0376334; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (Plant Preparations); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2010/11/02 [received]; 2011/01/06 [revised]; 2011/02/02 [accepted]; 2011/03/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0010; 0022-5142 Accession Number PMID: 21445893 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/jsfa.4364 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21445893 Abstract BACKGROUND: Yan-jiang (fermented ginger) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in yan-jiang has not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from yan-jiang were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 176 LAB were isolated; 160 cultures were isolated from yan-jiang samples and 16 cultures were isolated from raw ginger. These isolates were characterised phenotypically and then divided into nine groups (A to I) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were the major LAB found in the initial 2 days of fermentation without pickled plums; these species were mostly replaced by Weissella cibaria and L. plantarum after 3 days of fermentation. In the fermentation bucket with added pickled plums, W. cibaria was the most abundant LAB found during fermentation. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined. Twenty-four Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and 19 W. cibaria strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain L. sakei JCM 1157(T) . CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that various LAB species were more numerous when fermentation was carried out without pickled plums. LAB also had effects on the aroma and flavour of yan-jiang. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society of Chemical Industry Data Source Authors Chang,C.H., Chen,Y.S., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110328 PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Yan-dong-gua (fermented wax gourd), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2009	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Periodical, Abbrev. J.Biosci.Bioeng. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 108 Issue 6 Start Page 484 Other Pages 487 Notes LR: 20131121; GENBANK/AB469382; GENBANK/AB469383; GENBANK/AB469384; GENBANK/AB469385; GENBANK/AB469386; GENBANK/AB469387; GENBANK/AB469388; GENBANK/AB469389; GENBANK/AB469390; GENBANK/AB469391; GENBANK/AB469392; GENBANK/AB469393; GENBANK/AB469394; GENBANK Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1347-4421; 1347-4421 Accession Number PMID: 19914580 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.06.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19914580 Abstract Yan-dong-gua (fermented wax gourd; a traditional fermented food in Taiwan) samples were collected at five time intervals from a fixed fermenting bucket. Eighty-five cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Yan-dong-gua samples, and the isolates were divided into classes by phenotype and then groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified two bacterial groups (A and B) and showed that the majority of the isolates were heterofermentative LAB. Weissella cibaria was the major LAB found during the initial fermentation of yan-dong-gua. However, it was mostly replaced by W. paramesenteroides after 5 days of fermentation. All isolated LAB were able to grow in MRS broth containing 6% NaCl. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and five of the isolates showed inhibitory activities against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157(T). These results suggest that W. cibaria and W. paramesenteroides are the main LAB present during the fermentation of yan-dong-gua. This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in the yan-dong-gua fermentation process. Descriptors Antibiosis/genetics, Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Cucurbitaceae/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/chemistry, Fermentation/genetics, Food Handling, Food Microbiology, Food Preservation, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Lactobacillales/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Microbial Viability/genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phenotype, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Taiwan Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lan,W. T., Chen,Y. S., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090722 PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2013	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. yisheng@mail.mcu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 115 Issue 1 Start Page 125 Other Pages 132 Notes CI: Journal of Applied Microbiology (c) 2013; JID: 9706280; 0 (Bacteriocins); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2013/01/18 [received]; 2013/03/04 [revised]; 2013/03/13 [accepted]; 2013/04/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1365-2672; 1364-5072 Accession Number PMID: 23565762 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/jam.12199 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23565762 Abstract AIMS: To isolate, characterize and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 226 LAB were isolated; 111 cultures were isolated from samples collected from seven different markets and 115 from six fresh broccoli samples. These isolates were characterized phenotypically and then initially divided into nine groups (r1 to r9) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Some isolates were further divided into four additional groups by other genetic analysis. The most common bacterial genera in yan-tsai-shin and fresh broccoli were Weissella, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. Regional similarities in the LAB, with differences in diversity, were observed in this study. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, rpoA, rpoB and pheS gene sequences, two strains were included in the genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus, respectively, and identified as potential novel species or subspecies. In addition, the novel enterococcal strain, and 33 L. lactis subsp. lactis and two Weissella cibaria strains were found to have bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) producing abilities. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the LAB play important roles in the fermentation of yan-tsai-shin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB existing in yan-tsai-shin and fresh broccoli. In addition, two potential novel LAB species or subspecies and one potential novel BLIS were also found in this study. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Society for Applied Microbiology Data Source Authors Chen,Y.S., Liou,M.S., Ji,S.H., Yu,C.R., Pan,S.F., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130409 PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterization of potentially pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains from chicken and pig farms in Spain	2010	Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 76 Issue 9 Start Page 2799 Other Pages 2805 Notes LR: 20141204; JID: 7605801; EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase TEM-3); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC2863447; 2010/03/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 20228098 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.02421-09 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20228098 Abstract To ascertain whether on animal farms there reside extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic class C beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates potentially pathogenic for humans, phylogenetic analyses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, serotyping, and virulence genotyping were performed for 86 isolates from poultry (57 isolates) and pig (29 isolates) farms. E. coli isolates from poultry farms carried genes encoding enzymes of the CTX-M-9 group as well as CMY-2, whereas those from pig farms mainly carried genes encoding CTX-M-1 enzymes. Poultry and pig isolates differed significantly in their phylogenetic group assignments, with phylogroup A predominating in pig isolates and phylogroup D predominating in avian isolates. Among the 86 farm isolates, 23 (26.7%) carried two or more virulence genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Of these, 20 were isolated from poultry farms and only 3 from pig farms. Ten of the 23 isolates belonged to the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:H6, O2:HNM, O2:H7, O15:H1, and O25:H4. Despite the high diversity of serotypes and pulsotypes detected among the 86 farm isolates, 13 PFGE clusters were identified. Four of these clusters contained isolates with two or more virulence genes, and two clusters exhibited the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:HNM (ST10) and O2:H6 (ST115). Although O2:HNM and O2:H6 isolates of human and animal origins differed with respect to their virulence genes and PFGE pulsotypes, the O2:HNM isolates from pigs showed the same sequence type (ST10) as those from humans. The single avian O15:H1 isolate was compared with human clinical isolates of this serotype. Although all were found to belong to phylogroup D and shared the same virulence gene profile, they differed in their sequence types (ST362-avian and ST393-human) and PFGE pulsotypes. Noteworthy was the detection, for the first time, in poultry farms of the clonal groups O25b:H4-ST131-B2, producing CTX-M-9, and O25a-ST648-D, producing CTX-M-32. The virulence genes and PFGE profiles of these two groups were very similar to those of clinical human isolates. While further studies are required to determine the true zoonotic potential of these clonal groups, our results emphasize the zoonotic risk posed especially by poultry farms, but also by pig farms, as reservoirs of ESBL- and CMY-2-encoding E. coli. Descriptors Agriculture, Animals, Chickens, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Escherichia coli/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology, Humans, Serotyping, Spain, Sus scrofa, beta-Lactamases/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cortes,P., Blanc,V., Mora,A., Dahbi,G., Blanco,J. E., Blanco,M., Lopez,C., Andreu,A., Navarro,F., Alonso,M. P., Bou,G., Blanco,J., Llagostera,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100312 PMCID PMC2863447 Editors
Isolation and identification of cultivable lactic acid bacteria in traditional yak milk products of Gansu Province in China	2012	Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of general and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gen.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 2 Start Page 95 Other Pages 105 Notes LR: 20131121; GENBANK/HM058717; GENBANK/HM058718; GENBANK/HM058719; GENBANK/HM058720; GENBANK/HM058721; GENBANK/HM058722; GENBANK/HM058723; GENBANK/HM058724; GENBANK/HM058725; GENBANK/HM058726; GENBANK/HM058727; GENBANK/HM058728; GENBANK/HM058729; GENBANK Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1349-8037; 0022-1260 Accession Number PMID: 22688240 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI DN/JST.JSTAGE/jgam/58.95 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22688240 Abstract Various traditional fermented yak milk and raw milk foods could be considered as an abundant resource for obtaining novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with unique properties. Eighty-eight samples of yak milk products were collected from Gansu Province in China. Three hundred and nineteen strains of LAB isolated from these samples were identified by phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. Among the isolates, one hundred and sixty-four isolates (51.41% of the total) were classified under Lactobacilli, and one hundred and fifty-five (48.59%) belonged to cocci. All the isolates were classified to six genera (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Weissella) and twenty-one species. Lactobacillus helveticus (87 strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (49 strains), Streptococcus thermophilus (39 strains), Lactobacillus casei (31 strains) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (19 strains) were considered as the predominant populations in the yak milk products. The results showed that there were abundant genus and species LAB existing in yak milk products in Gansu Province in China. The obtained LAB pure cultures may be a valuable source for further starter selection. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bao,Q., Liu,W., Yu,J., Wang,W., Qing,M., Chen,X., Wang,F., Zhang,J., Zhang,W., Qiao,J., Sun,T., Zhang,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Isolation and identification of Legionella and their host amoebae from weak alkaline carbonate spring water using a culture method combined with PCR	2011	Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Parasitology research Periodical, Abbrev. Parasitol.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 109 Issue 5 Start Page 1233 Other Pages 1241 Notes JID: 8703571; 2011/03/10 [received]; 2011/03/18 [accepted]; 2011/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1955; 0932-0113 Accession Number PMID: 21537990 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00436-011-2366-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21537990 Abstract Legionella were detected with the direct DNA extraction method, Legionella culture method, and free-living amoebae (FLA) culture method from weak alkaline carbonate spring water in Taiwan. Moreover, we also investigated the existence of Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria, ubiquitous FLA in aquatic environments, to identify the correlations between existing Legionella. This study reports detecting Legionella in 15 of the 51 weak alkaline carbonate spring water samples (29.4%). This work also found five of the 51 samples (9.8%) analyzed by the direct DNA extraction method, three of the 51 (5.9%) samples analyzed by the Legionella culture method, and 11 of the 51 samples (21.6%) evaluated using the FLA culture method to be positive for Legionella. The most frequently identified Legionella species was the Legionella-like amoebal pathogen (n=5), followed by unidentified Legionella spp. (n=4), and Legionella pneumophila (n=4), Legionella fairfieldensis (n=3), and then Legionella rubrilucens (n=2). Legionella waltersii was detected once. The occurrence of Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria were 5.9% (3/51), 52.9% (27/51), and 5.9% (3/51), respectively. All Hartmannella isolates were identified as Hartmannella vermiformis, and Naegleria isolates were all identified as Naegleria australiensis. The three Acanthamoeba isolates were identified as one Acanthamoeba polyphaga and two Acanthamoeba jacobsi. H. vermiformis (40.7%) were Legionella hosts, including all of the amoebae-resistant Legionella detected in the present study. Therefore, the important correlations between Legionella and H. vermiformis require further clarification. The combined results of this survey confirm that Legionella and FLA are ubiquitous in weak alkaline carbonate spring water in Taiwan. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huang,S.W., Hsu,B.M., Chen,N.H., Huang,C.C., Huang,K.H., Chen,J.S., Kao,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110503 PMCID Editors
Isolation of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas putida and its genetic background	2003	Yomoda, S., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Center, Bacteria Gunma Univ. School of Med., Maebashi, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Japanese Journal of Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Jpn.J.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form 2003/01 Volume 51 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 12 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1340-7007 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We isolated 83 Pseudomonas putida strains in the 5 years from January 1997 through December 2001 at Gunma University Hospital. The sample was free of patient duplication. Among them, 27 isolates were resistant to imipenem (IPM), 22 of which were of urine origin. None was isolated from respiratory specimens. Most IPM-resistant isolates were strains multiply resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, amikacin, and norfloxacin. The IMP metallo-Î²-lactamase gene (blaIMP) was identified by PCR from all 27 IPM-resistant strains, which were derived from different 8 wards. We focused on 13 blaIMP-bearing P. putida strains of a ward, 9 isolated from inpatients and 4 detected from around the water pipe. The long-term residence of blaIMP-bearing P. putida strains, identified as the same strains with pulsed-field gel eletrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and MIC patterns as for 10 drugs, was observed in both inpatients and the ward environment. From 9 of the 13 strains, the blaIMP gene was effectively transferred to a recipient strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, conferring resistance to IPM and other Î²-lactams concomitantly with amikacin resistance; 4 of the 9 strains conferred additional resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin. Descriptors amikacin, aztreonam, beta lactam antibiotic, beta lactamase, carbapenem derivative, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, metalloprotein, norfloxacin, piperacillin, rifampicin, tobramycin, antibiotic resistance, article, bacterial gene, bacterial genetics, bacterial strain, bacterium detection, bacterium identification, bacterium isolate, bacterium isolation, controlled study, gene identification, gene transfer, hospital patient, human, Japan, minimum inhibitory concentration, multidrug resistance, nonhuman, polymerase chain reaction, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, recipient, respiratory system, strain difference, time, university hospital, urinalysis, ward, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Yomoda,S., Takahashi,A., Okubo,T., Murakami,M., Iyobe,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Isolation of Legionella species/serogroups from water cooling systems compared with potable water systems in Spanish healthcare facilities	2007	Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 67 Issue 4 Start Page 360 Other Pages 366 Notes JID: 8007166; 2007/04/17 [received]; 2007/07/26 [accepted]; 2007/10/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 17931746 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0195-6701(07)00258-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17931746 Abstract Surveillance of Legionella spp. in hospital water systems was performed in forty-four inpatient healthcare facilities in Spain during 2005-2006. A total of 2,341 samples were collected: 470 from cooling systems (cooling towers) and 1,871 from potable water systems. The latter included 211 from cold-water tanks and 260 from hot-water tanks, totalling 471 from central water reservoirs 136 from showers, 1,172 from unfiltered taps and 92 from filtered taps, totalling 1,400 from peripheral points. Temperature, chlorine levels and the presence of Legionella spp. were determined. In all, 373 (15.9%) samples yielded Legionella spp. Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from cooling towers (23.8%) versus cold- and hot-water tanks (approximately 4.7%), due to the significantly higher number of samples positive for serogroup 1 (19.4 vs 0.9-3.5%). In potable water systems, no differences were found between central water tanks and showers, but significant differences in isolation rates between central water tanks and unfiltered taps were observed (4.7 vs 19.6%) due to differences in non-serogroup 1 L. pneumophila. Filters significantly decreased isolation rates of these serotypes (11 vs 0%). Some seasonal differences were noted, with higher isolation rates in summer for legionella serogroup 1 in cooling systems and for L. pneumophila serogroups 2-14 in potable water systems. In regression models, higher temperatures were associated with colonisation in cooling systems, while lower chlorine levels were associated with colonisation in potable water systems. Descriptors Air Conditioning/instrumentation, Equipment Contamination/statistics & numerical data, Health Facilities/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Legionella pneumophila/classification/isolation & purification, Seasons, Serotyping, Spain/epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification, Water Supply/analysis/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rivera,J. M., Aguilar,L., Granizo,J. J., Vos-Arenilla,A., Gimenez,M. J., Aguiar,J. M., Prieto,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071010 PMCID Editors
Isometric quadriceps strengthening using the NK table	1974	Dept. Sports Programs, Div. Sports Med., Univ. Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Physical Therapy Periodical, Abbrev. Phys.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 1974/ Volume 54 Issue 2 Start Page 156 Other Pages 157 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0031-9023 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Use of the NK table or a similar one for isometric quadriceps strengthening of the weakened or injured knee is not an efficient use of time if the physical therapist or athletic trainer must hold the weights for his patient during the rest phase between each isometric contraction. Although a stand or pulley system may be used as an alternative for holding the weights, neither solution is practical in terms of ease in administration and storage of equipment. A device which the author found to be effective in solving this problem enables the patient to lift the weights from his extended leg for the duration of the rest phase. The device is constructed from a galvanized water pipe (2 cm in diameter, 69 cm in length) and a steel rod (0.6 cm in diameter, 28 cm in length). The pipe is bent 5 cm at a point 15 cm from the bottom end. The steel rod is welded to the bottom end of the pipe. The steel rod is then heated and bent at both ends. The top end is bent to hook around the weight arm of the knee machine, and the bottom end is bent to lie over the weight arm with a 1.3 cm nob at the end. Descriptors exercise, isometric exercise, muscle strength, quadriceps femoris muscle, theoretical study, training Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kosek,S. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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