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Ionic liquid coated magnetic nanoparticles for the gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters	2013	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 26-Jul Volume 1300 Issue Start Page 134 Other Pages 140 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9318488; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Imidazoles); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Magnetite Nanoparticles); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/12/11 [received]; 2013/03/07 [revised]; 2013 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 23601292 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23601292 Abstract In this paper, ionic liquid coated magnetic nanoparticles (IL-MNPs) have been prepared by covalent immobilization. The as-synthesized MNPs have been successfully used as sorbent for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples, the analytes being finally determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The influence of several experimental variables (including the ionic strength, amount of MNPs, sample volume, agitation time and desorption solvent) has been considered in depth in the optimization process. The developed method, which has been analytically characterized under its optimal operation conditions, allows the detection of the analytes in the samples with method detection limits in the range from 0.04mugL(-1) (fluoranthene) to 1.11mugL(-1) (indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD, n=7), varies between 4.0% (benzo[b]fluoranthene) and 8.9% (acenaphthene), while the enrichment factors are in the range from 49 (naphthalene) to 158 (fluoranthene). The proposed procedure has been applied for the determination of thirteen PAHs in water samples (tap, river, well and reservoir ones) with recoveries in the range from 75 to 102%. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Galan-Cano,F., Alcudia-Leon Mdel,C., Lucena,R., Cardenas,S., Valcarcel,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130402 PMCID Editors
Iron and copper release in drinking-water distribution systems	2007	Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China. byshi@rcees.ac.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 70 Issue 2 Start Page 29 Other Pages 36, 44, 46 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0405525; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 789U1901C5 (Copper); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892; 0022-0892 Accession Number PMID: 17886579 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17886579 Abstract A large-scale pilot study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of changes in water source and treatment process on iron and copper release in water distribution systems. Finished surface waters, groundwaters, and desalinated waters were produced with seven different treatment systems and supplied to 18 pipe distribution systems (PDSs). The major water treatment processes included lime softening, ferric sulfate coagulation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and integrated membrane systems. PDSs were constructed from PVC, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron, and galvanized pipes. Copper pipe loops were set up for corrosion monitoring. Results showed that surface water after ferric sulfate coagulation had low alkalinity and high sulfates, and consequently caused the highest iron release. Finished groundwater treated by conventional method produced the lowest iron release but the highest copper release. The iron release of desalinated water was relatively high because of the water's high chloride level and low alkalinity. Both iron and copper release behaviors were influenced by temperature. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Copper/analysis/chemistry, Corrosion, Disinfectants/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Iron/analysis/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shi,B., Taylor,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Irradiation of dental enamel with Q-switched lambda = 355-nm laser pulses: surface morphology, fluoride adsorption, and adhesion to composite resin	2003	Department of Growth and Development, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lasers in surgery and medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Lasers Surg.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 32 Issue 4 Start Page 310 Other Pages 317 Notes LR: 20071115; CI: Copyright 2003; GR: R01-DE14554/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8007168; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Fluorides, Topical); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0196-8092; 0196-8092 Accession Number PMID: 12696100 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1002/lsm.10162 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12696100 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lasers can be used to modify the chemical composition of dental enamel to increase the bond strength to restorative materials and to render the mineral phase more resistant to acid dissolution. Previous studies have suggested a synergistic relationship between CO(2) laser irradiation and fluoride treatment on increased resistance to acid dissolution. In this study a near-UV laser operating with lambda = 355-nm laser pulses of 3-5 nanoseconds duration was used to modify the surface morphology of dental enamel to increase the bond strength to restorative materials and increase the uptake of topical fluoride to render the surface more resistant to acid dissolution. We hypothesize that the short UV laser pulses are primarily absorbed by protein and lipid localized between the enamel prisms resulting in removal of intact mineral effectively etching the surface without thermal modification of the mineral phase. Such modification is likely to increase the permeability of the enamel surface and the subsequent absorption of fluoride. In addition, there is an increase in surface roughness without the formation of a layer of loosely adherent, thermally modified enamel that increases the bond strength to composite restorative materials. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surfaces of blocks of bovine enamel, 5 x 5 mm(2), were uniformly irradiated by 355-nm laser pulses and subsequently bonded to composite. The shear bond test was used to assess the bond strength of non-irradiated blocks (negative control), acid etched blocks (positive control), and laser irradiated blocks. The resistance to acid dissolution was evaluated using controlled surface dissolution experiments on irradiated samples, irradiated samples exposed to topical fluoride, and non-irradiated control samples with and without fluoride. RESULTS: The laser surface treatments significantly increased the shear-bond strength of enamel to composite, to a level exceeding 20 MPa which was significantly more than the non-irradiated control samples and significantly less than the acid etch. Laser irradiation alone and topical fluoride application alone did not significantly increase the resistance to acid dissolution. The laser treatment followed by topical application of fluoride significantly increased the resistance to acid dissolution to a level of over 50% versus the control samples. CONCLUSIONS: We present a novel method for increasing bond strength to restorative materials and enhancing fluoride delivery to enamel surfaces and shed some light on the underlying mechanisms of caries inhibition via laser treatment and topical application of fluoride. Descriptors Animals, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Fluorides, Topical, Laser Therapy, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Surface Properties Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Wheeler,C. R., Fried,D., Featherstone,J. D., Watanabe,L. G., Le,C. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Irrigation, groundwater exploitation and cult of water in the rural settlements of Sabina, Central Italy, in Roman times	2007	Di Leo, A., Istituto Comprensivo Falcone e Borsellino, 00162 - Roma, Italy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2007/ Volume 7 Issue 1 Start Page 191 Other Pages 199 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Archaeological surveys conducted in Sabina, about 50 km away from Rome, intended to reconstruct the ancient agricultural and pastoral landscape. They identified interesting remains of roman small family farms at Montenero Sabino and Mompeo (province of Rieti), villages located near Via Salaria (the "salt way") and the Farfa stream, a tributary of the Tiber River, which in ancient times, both were the main trade routes of central Italy, linking Rome to the Apennines and to the Adriatic coast. There a network of underground channels and tanks, fictile water pipes and pools, at times connected to one another, was found. Many of them are still used today, given the low population growth and the lack of modern industrial development of this area and to its isolation, in spite of its proximity to Rome. Moreover the study area holds a votive stone dedicated to the Sabine-Roman goddess of water Vacuna, a multiform Sabine and Central-Italic goddess with many characteristics and functions, known also as Minerva-Bellona-Victoria, Feronia, Caerere, or as Angerona-Angitia. It was related to an agricultural-pastoral shrine for the cult of water whose anthropological relevance still survives in yearly livestock fairs and in the local worship of the Holy Mary of parturients. Â© IWA Publishing 2007. Descriptors ground water, agricultural management, archeology, industrial area, irrigation (agriculture), livestock, review, rural area, tillage, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Di Leo,A., Tallini,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia: overlap analysis using loglinear models	2012	Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Arab J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 20 Other Pages 23 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 101298363; 2011/08/23 [received]; 2011/12/28 [revised]; 2012/02/29 [accepted]; 2012/04/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 2090-2387; 1687-1979 Accession Number PMID: 22560820 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ajg.2012.02.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22560820 Abstract BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dyspepsia are three most important gastrointestinal disorders which occur frequently together in patients. This study aims to assess the association between IBS, GERD and dyspepsia by using loglinear model analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional household survey, the purpose of which was to find the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, disorders and the related factors, has been done from May 2006 to December 2007 in Tehran province, Iran. Subjects were interviewed by trained personnel. GERD was diagnosed as the experience of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least once a week for the last 3 months. IBS and dyspepsia were diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria. Loglinear models were applied to investigate the simultaneous association between IBS, GERD and dyspepsia. RESULTS: 77.9% of IBS patients had dyspepsia symptoms and 74.7% had GERD symptoms as well at the same time. As for the other two symptoms, 66% of GERD patients were also suffering from dyspepsia. CONCLUSIONS: These three symptoms frequently overlap; the overlap is systematic and not by chance or random. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Pourhoseingholi,A., Vahedi,M., Pourhoseingholi,M.A., Ashtari,S., Moghimi-Dehkordi,B., Safaee,A., Zali,M.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120405 PMCID Editors
Is concern about waterpipe tobacco smoking warranted?	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aust N Z J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.N.Z.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 181 Other Pages 2 Notes ID: 18412692 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Smoking, Social Marketing, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00198.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Carroll,Therese, Poder,Natasha, Perusco,Andrew Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is consumer response to plain/standardised tobacco packaging consistent with framework convention on tobacco control guidelines? A systematic review of quantitative studies	2013	Institute for Social Marketing & Cancer Research United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco Control Research and United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 16-Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page e75919 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150708; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3797796; 2013 [ecollect Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24146791 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0075919 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24146791 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standardised or 'plain' tobacco packaging was introduced in Australia in December 2012 and is currently being considered in other countries. The primary objective of this systematic review was to locate, assess and synthesise published and grey literature relating to the potential impacts of standardised tobacco packaging as proposed by the guidelines for the international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: reduced appeal, increased salience and effectiveness of health warnings, and more accurate perceptions of product strength and harm. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched and researchers in the field were contacted to identify studies. Eligible studies were published or unpublished primary research of any design, issued since 1980 and concerning tobacco packaging. Twenty-five quantitative studies reported relevant outcomes and met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Studies that explored the impact of package design on appeal consistently found that standardised packaging reduced the appeal of cigarettes and smoking, and was associated with perceived lower quality, poorer taste and less desirable smoker identities. Although findings were mixed, standardised packs tended to increase the salience and effectiveness of health warnings in terms of recall, attention, believability and seriousness, with effects being mediated by the warning size, type and position on pack. Pack colour was found to influence perceptions of product harm and strength, with darker coloured standardised packs generally perceived as containing stronger tasting and more harmful cigarettes than fully branded packs; lighter coloured standardised packs suggested weaker and less harmful cigarettes. Findings were largely consistent, irrespective of location and sample. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence strongly suggests that standardised packaging will reduce the appeal of packaging and of smoking in general; that it will go some way to reduce consumer misperceptions regarding product harm based upon package design; and will help make the legally required on-pack health warnings more salient. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,M., Moodie,C., Angus,K., Bauld,L., McNeill,A., Thomas,J., Hastings,G., Hinds,K., O'Mara-Eves,A., Kwan,I., Purves,R.I., Bryce,S.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131016 PMCID PMC3797796 Editors
Is domestic tap water a risk for infections in neutropenic patients?	2010	Section Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany. heike.von-baum@uniklinik-ulm.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Infection Periodical, Abbrev. Infection Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 181 Other Pages 186 Notes LR: 20111117; JID: 0365307; 2009/09/09 [received]; 2010/01/12 [accepted]; 2010/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-0973; 0300-8126 Accession Number PMID: 20237946 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s15010-010-0005-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20237946 Abstract BACKGROUND: Home care has become popular in the management of hemato-oncologic patients. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to assess whether tap water from the domestic environment of neutropenic patients poses a risk for infections from the waterborne pathogens nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Legionella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tap water samples were taken in the homes of 65 hemato-oncologic patients who were discharged from the hospital whilst neutropenic and had a suspected period of neutropenia of a minimum of 10 days. Selective culture for Legionella, P. aeruginosa, and NTM was performed. Patients who required hospital readmission were monitored for infection with the aforementioned pathogens over the following 3 months. RESULTS: NTM were cultured in 62 (95.4%) households in concentrations from 1 to 1,000 CFU/500 ml. The facultative pathogenic species Mycobacterium chelonae (58.5% of taps) and M. mucogenicum (38.5% of taps) were most frequently detected. Legionella spp. was cultured from six households (9.2%), including five households with L. pneumophila in concentrations from 25 to 2,500 CFU/500 ml. P. aeruginosa was found in seven households (10.8%) in concentrations from 5 to 2,500 CFU/500 ml. While clinical infection with Legionella spp. was not detected in any patients, infection with M. chelonae and P. aeruginosa occurred in one and seven patients, respectively. However, transmission from household water could not be confirmed. CONCLUSION: Although the risk of infection from household water-borne pathogens appears low, preventive measures may be considered on an individual basis in patients with long-term immunosuppression as well as in patients with long-term central-vascular catheterization. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology, Humans, Legionella/isolation & purification, Leukemia/microbiology, Lymphoma/microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology, Mycobacterium chelonae/isolation & purification, Neutropenia/epidemiology/microbiology, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors von Baum,H., Bommer,M., Forke,A., Holz,J., Frenz,P., Wellinghausen,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100318 PMCID Editors
Is drinking water a major route of human exposure to alkylphenol and bisphenol contaminants in France?	2014	Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire (ANSeS), 40 Rue Lionnois, 54 000, Nancy, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 66 Issue 1 Start Page 86 Other Pages 99 Notes JID: 0357245; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); 2013/03/29 [received]; 2013/07/15 [accepted]; 2013/08/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1432-0703; 0090-4341 Accession Number PMID: 23921451 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00244-013-9942-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23921451 Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate potential exposure of a significant part of the French population to alkylphenol and bisphenol contaminants due to water consumption. The occurrence of 11 alkylphenols and bisphenols was studied in raw water and treated water samples from public water systems. One sampling campaign was performed from October 2011 to May 2012. Sampling was equally distributed across 100 French departments. In total, 291 raw water samples and 291 treated water samples were analyzed in this study, representing approximately 20 % of the national water supply flow. The occurrence of the target compounds was also determined for 29 brands of bottled water (polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles, polycarbonate [PC] reusable containers, and aluminum cans [ACs]) and in 5 drinking water networks where epoxy resin has been used as coating for pipes. In raw water samples, the highest individual concentration was 1,430 ng/L for bisphenol A (BPA). Of the investigated compounds, nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol 1-carboxylic acid (NP1EC), BPA, and nonylphenol 2-ethoxylate (NP2EO) predominated (detected in 18.6, 18.6, 14.4, and 10 % of samples, respectively). Geographical variability was observed with departments crossed by major rivers or with high population densities being more affected by contamination. In treated water samples, the highest individual concentration was 505 ng/L for NP. Compared with raw water, target compounds were found in lower amounts in treated water. This difference suggests a relative effectiveness of certain water treatments for the elimination of these pollutants; however, there is also their possible transformation by reaction with chlorine. No target compounds were found in drinking water pipes coated with epoxy resin, in PET bottled water, or in water from ACs. However, levels of BPA in PC bottled water ranged from 70 to 4,210 ng/L with greater level observed in newly manufactured bottles. 4-Tert-butylphenol was only detected in recently manufactured bottles. The values observed for the monitored compounds indicate that drinking water is most likely not the main source of exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Colin,A., Bach,C., Rosin,C., Munoz,J.F., Dauchy,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130807 PMCID Editors
Is effective contraceptive use conceived prenatally in Florida? The association between prenatal contraceptive counseling and postpartum contraceptive use	2012	Maternal and Child Heath Practice and Analysis Unit, Division of Family Health Services, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA. Leticia_hernandez@doh.state.fl.us	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Maternal and child health journal Periodical, Abbrev. Matern.Child Health J. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 423 Other Pages 429 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 5UR6DP000541-05/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States; JID: 9715672; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-6628; 1092-7875 Accession Number PMID: 21197562 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s10995-010-0738-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21197562 Abstract The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use among women experiencing a live birth in Florida in 2004-2005. To examine the association between family planning counseling during prenatal care visits and the use of effective contraceptive methods among postpartum women. Matched data from Florida PRAMS and Vital Statistics were used (n = 3,962). Weighted logistic regression was used to determine the association between prenatal family planning counseling and effective postpartum contraceptive use. Odds ratios were adjusted for use of contraception prior to pregnancy, well-baby checkup, race, ethnicity, nativity, education, marital status, poverty level, stress before or during pregnancy, and parity. Women who reported discussing family planning with their prenatal care provider were more likely to use effective contraception postpartum (AOR: 1.5, 1.1-2.0) compared to women who did not report a discussion. Women who used contraception prior to pregnancy (AOR: 2.3, 1.7-3.2) and women who experienced no stress before or during pregnancy (AOR: 2.0, 1.2-3.4) were also more likely to use contraception in the postpartum period. A significant interaction was identified between family planning counseling during prenatal visits and maternal education. Stratum specific odds ratios for women who received prenatal family planning counseling were significant for women with less than high school education (AOR: 2.5, 1.3-5.1) and for women with high school education (AOR: 2.0, 1.2-3.4). Women reporting family planning counseling during prenatal care were more likely to use effective contraception postpartum. While women with high school or less than high school education levels benefited from prenatal family planning counseling, the greatest benefit was observed for women with less than high school education. Integrating family planning counseling into prenatal care may increase the use of effective contraceptive methods among postpartum women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hernandez,L.E., Sappenfield,W.M., Goodman,D., Pooler,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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