WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation	2013	Dept of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 10-Jul Volume (7):CD007078. doi Issue 7 Start Page CD007078 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23839868 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD007078.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23839868 Abstract BACKGROUND: The Internet is now an indispensable part of daily life for the majority of people in many parts of the world. It offers an additional means of effecting changes to behaviour such as smoking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register. There were no restrictions placed on language of publication or publication date. The most recent search was conducted in April 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials. Participants were people who smoked, with no exclusions based on age, gender, ethnicity, language or health status. Any type of Internet intervention was eligible. The comparison condition could be a no-intervention control, a different Internet intervention, or a non-Internet intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed and extracted data. Methodological and study quality details were extracted using a standardized form. We extracted smoking cessation outcomes of six months follow-up or more, reporting short-term outcomes where longer-term outcomes were not available. We reported study effects as a risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Clinical and statistical heterogeneity limited our ability to pool studies. MAIN RESULTS: This updated review includes a total of 28 studies with over 45,000 participants. Some Internet programmes were intensive and included multiple outreach contacts with participants, whilst others relied on participants to initiate and maintain use.Fifteen trials compared an Internet intervention to a non-Internet-based smoking cessation intervention or to a no-intervention control. Ten of these recruited adults, one recruited young adult university students and two recruited adolescents. Seven of the trials in adults had follow-up at six months or longer and compared an Internet intervention to usual care or printed self help. In a post hoc subgroup analysis, pooled results from three trials that compared interactive and individually tailored interventions to usual care or written self help detected a statistically significant effect in favour of the intervention (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.78). However all three trials were judged to be at high risk of bias in one domain and high statistical heterogeneity was detected (I(2) = 53%), with no obvious clinical explanation. Pooled results from two studies of an interactive, tailored intervention involving the Internet and automated phone contacts also detected a significant effect (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.97, I(2) = 42%). Results from a sixth study comparing an interactive but non-tailored intervention to control did not detect a significant effect, nor did the seventh study, which compared a non-interactive, non-tailored intervention to control. Three trials comparing Internet interventions to face-to-face or phone counselling also did not detect evidence of an effect, nor did two trials evaluating Internet interventions as adjuncts to other behavioural interventions. A trial in college students increased point prevalence abstinence after 30 weeks but had no effect on sustained abstinence. Two small trials in adolescents did not detect an effect on cessation compared to control.Fourteen trials, all in adult populations, compared different Internet sites or programmes. Pooled estimates from three trials that compared tailored and/or interactive Internet programmes with non-tailored, non-interactive Internet programmes did not detect evidence of an effect (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.32, I(2) = 0%). One trial detected evidence of a benefit from a tailored email compared to a non-tailored one, whereas a second trial comparing tailored messages to a non-tailored message did not detect evidence of an effect. Trials failed to detect a benefit of including a mood management component (three trials), or an asynchronous bulletin board. AU Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Civljak,M., Stead,L.F., Hartmann-Boyce,J., Sheikh,A., Car,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130710 PMCID Editors
Internet-based photoaging within Australian pharmacies to promote smoking cessation: randomized controlled trial	2013	Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. O.Burford@curtin.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 26-Mar Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page e64 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150427; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3636310; 2012/09/03 [received]; 2013/02/03 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 23531984 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2337 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23531984 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking leads to death or disability and a drain on national resources. The literature suggests that cigarette smoking continues to be a major modifiable risk factor for a variety of diseases and that smokers aged 18-30 years are relatively resistant to antismoking messages due to their widely held belief that they will not be lifelong smokers. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a computer-generated photoaging intervention to promote smoking cessation among young adult smokers within a community pharmacy setting. METHODS: A trial was designed with 80% power based on the effect size observed in a published pilot study; 160 subjects were recruited (80 allocated to the control group and 80 to the intervention group) from 8 metropolitan community pharmacies located around Perth city center in Western Australia. All participants received standardized smoking cessation advice. The intervention group participants were also digitally photoaged by using the Internet-based APRIL Face Aging software so they could preview images of themselves as a lifelong smoker and as a nonsmoker. Due to the nature of the intervention, the participants and researcher could not be blinded to the study. The main outcome measure was quit attempts at 6-month follow-up, both self-reported and biochemically validated through testing for carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine dependence assessed via the Fagerstrom scale. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, 5 of 80 control group participants (6.3%) suggested they had quit smoking, but only 1 of 80 control group participants (1.3%) consented to, and was confirmed by, CO validation. In the intervention group, 22 of 80 participants (27.5%) reported quitting, with 11 of 80 participants (13.8%) confirmed by CO testing. This difference in biochemically confirmed quit attempts was statistically significant (chi(2) 1=9.0, P=.003). A repeated measures analysis suggested the average intervention group smoking dependence score had also significantly dropped compared to control participants (P<.001 these="" differences="" remained="" statistically="" significant="" after="" adjustment="" for="" small="" in="" gender="" distribution="" and="" nicotine="" dependence="" between="" the="" groups.="" mean="" cost="" of="" implementing="" intervention="" was="" estimated="" at="" au="" per="" participant.="" incremental="" cost-effectiveness="" ratio="" additional="" quitter.="" that="" participants="" indicated="" they="" were="" willing="" to="" pay="" digital="" aging="" service="" conclusions:="" demonstrating="" detrimental="" effects="" on="" facial="" physical="" appearance="" by="" using="" a="" computer-generated="" simulation="" may="" be="" both="" effective="" cost-effective="" persuading="" young="" adult="" smokers="" quit.="" trial="" registration:="" australian="" new="" zealand="" clinical="" trials="" registry:="" actrn12609000885291="" https:="" webcite="" http:=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Burford,O., Jiwa,M., Carter,O., Parsons,R., Hendrie,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130326 PMCID PMC3636310 Editors
Interobserver reliability in the endoscopic diagnosis and grading of Barrett's esophagus: an Asian multinational study	2010	Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Endoscopy Periodical, Abbrev. Endoscopy Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 42 Issue 9 Start Page 699 Other Pages 704 Notes LR: 20150325; CI: Copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.; GR: ZIA CP010136-15/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0215166; NIHMS256200; OID: NLM: NIHMS256200; OID: NLM: PMC3000217; 2010/08/30 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1438-8812; 0013-726X Accession Number PMID: 20806154 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; IM DOI 10.1055/s-0030-1255629 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20806154 Abstract BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The establishment of precise and valid diagnostic criteria is important for any disease. We determined the interobserver reliability in the endoscopic diagnosis and grading of Barrett's esophagus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Video clips of endoscopy in 21 patients with/without Barrett's esophagus were used for training (n = 3) and for diagnosis/grading (n = 18) of Barrett's esophagus by endoscopists from seven hospitals in Asia. Barrett's esophagus was graded using the Prague C & M Criteria whereby the circumferential extent of the Barrett's segment (C value), maximum extent of Barrett's segment (M value), location of the gastroesophageal junction, and location of the diaphragmatic hiatus were scored. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated as a measure of interobserver reliability. RESULTS: A total of 34 endoscopists participated. ICC values for the scores of the C value, M value, location of the gastroesophageal junction, and location of the diaphragmatic hiatus were: 0.92 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.88 - 0.97), 0.94 (95 %CI 0.90 - 0.98), 0.86 (95 %CI 0.78 - 0.94), and 0.81 (95 %CI 0.71 - 0.92), respectively, indicating excellent interobserver agreement. The differences in region/country, endoscopists' experience, case volume of participating centers, or primary practice type had no significant effect on the reliability. The ICC values for recognition of Barrett's esophagus of > or = 1 cm were 0.90 (95 %CI 0.80 - 1.00) and 0.92 (95 %CI 0.87 - 0.98) for the C and M values, respectively, whereas the corresponding ICC values for Barrett's segment of < 1 cm were 0.18 (95 %CI 0.03 - 0.32) and 0.21 (95 %CI 0.00 - 0.51), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the uncommon occurrence of Barrett's esophagus in Asia, our endoscopists exhibited excellent agreement in the endoscopic diagnosis and grading of Barrett's esophagus using the Prague C & M Criteria. However, in view of the low interobserver reliability in recognizing Barrett's segments of < 1 cm, future studies in Asia should take this into account when selecting the study population. Descriptors Asia, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/pathology, Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data, Esophagoscopy/standards, Humans, Observer Variation, Reproducibility of Results Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,Y. C., Cook,M. B., Bhatia,S., Chow,W. H., El-Omar,E. M., Goto,H., Lin,J. T., Li,Y. Q., Rhee,P. L., Sharma,P., Sung,J. J., Wong,J. Y., Wu,J. C., Ho,K. Y., Asian Barrett's Consortium Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100830 PMCID PMC3000217 Editors
Interpersonal violations, speeding violations and their relation to accident involvement in Finland	2002	Traffic Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. jolieke.mesken@swov.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ergonomics Periodical, Abbrev. Ergonomics Pub Date Free Form 10-Jun Volume 45 Issue 7 Start Page 469 Other Pages 483 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0373220; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0014-0139; 0014-0139 Accession Number PMID: 12167202 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; S DOI 10.1080/00140130210129682 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12167202 Abstract The aim of the present study was to replicate the distinction between errors, lapses and violations, and to identify aggressive violations from normal or highway code violations. Furthermore, the relationship of these behaviours with road traffic accidents was examined. A total number of 1126 Finnish drivers completed a questionnaire containing the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) with extended violations scale, and questions regarding background information, such as age, gender and mileage. Also, questions about previous accidents and fines were asked. Factor analysis showed that a four-factor structure seemed more appropriate than the earlier established three-factor structure. The four factors were errors, lapses, speeding violations and interpersonal violations. The two types of violations result from different motives, and seem to be associated with different kinds of affect. Both interpersonal and speeding violations were reported most by young males, which was consistent with earlier findings. Logistic regression analyses indicated that errors predicted active accident involvement after partialling out the effects of demographic variables, whereas interpersonal violations were positively related to involvement in passive accidents. This was presumably due to different reporting tendencies of respondents. Speeding tickets were predicted by speeding and interpersonal violations and lapses and penalties for speeding by both kinds of violations and errors. Penalties for speeding, parking and other offences were predicted by interpersonal violations. The implications of these results are discussed. Descriptors Accident Proneness, Accidents, Traffic/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aggression, Automobile Driving/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Finland, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mesken,J., Lajunen,T., Summala,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Intervention effects on tobacco use in Arab and non-Arab American adolescents	2010	Wayne State University College of Nursing, USA. vrice@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 35 Issue 1 Start Page 46 Other Pages 48 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HD374980/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 19767152 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19767152 Abstract A quasi-experimental design was used to test a modified Project Towards No Tobacco (TNT) use program on cigarette smoking in 380 Arab American and 236 non-Arab American 9th graders in the Midwest. Tenth grade Non-Arab American students given the intervention as 9th graders were 23% less likely to experiment (Odds Ratio=1.31, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.64) or to have smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (Odd Ratio=1.43 times, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.01) compared to Arab American youth. Arab American students reported greater experimentation with water pipe smoking than cigarettes (38% vs. 22%), and more current (16% vs. 6%) and regular (7% vs. 3%) use of water pipes than cigarettes, respectively. The intervention designed to focus on cigarette smoking had non-significant effects on water pipe smoking. These findings provide support for a school-based intervention revised to focus on prevention as well as cessation and to be culturally consistent. They also call for further research and intervention tailoring to address the problem of water pipe smoking in a growing Arab American adolescent population. Descriptors Adolescent, Arabs/ethnology, Cohort Studies, Female, Health Promotion/methods, Humans, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Patient Education as Topic/methods, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rice,V. H., Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T., Jamil,H., Hammad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090821 PMCID PMC2771915 Editors
intervention program for strengthening tuberculosis control in Alexandria. Part II: raising awareness of secondary school students	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 675 Other Pages 688 Notes ID: 78930 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tuberculosis TB] is making a steady comeback as a global scourge and had been declared a global crisis in 1993. The key for controlling TB is the rapid detection and cure of infectious cases. Thus providing basic information to the public about earliest symptoms of TB as well as reducing levels of prejudice against TB patients can increase diagnostic coverage. The aim of this work was to raise awareness about TB among secondary school students and to evaluate the health education program by measuring the students' knowledge and attitude about TB before and after the health education sessions. The pre-test post-test design was used. Study population was 467 secondary school students selected by stratified random sampling from the six educational districts in Alexandria. A health education program was developed in the form of 12 sessions each one is 90 minute lecture-discussion session followed by 30 minutes questions and answers and aided by slides and posters. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the students before and after the intervention for evaluation of the program. It consisted of items that cover knowledge, perception on seriousness, and attitude towards TB patients. It revealed poor knowledge about TB before the intervention. Although most students knew that TB is an infectious disease 80.9%], only 44% of the students knew that it was transmitted by droplet infection. 56.5% and 44.1% agreed that HIV/AIDS infection and malnutrition respectively are risk factors for TB. Wasting, night sweating, and productive cough were the known symptoms by 65.9%, 49%, and 54.2%, respectively. Staying in crowded places, smoking specially shisha hubble-bubble], not covering the mouth during sneezing, and coughing and spitting on the floor were considered bad habits that enhance TB transmission by 76.4%, 67.2%, 57%, and 50.1%, respectively. Knowledge about the modes of transmission, symptoms, risk groups, and bad habits that help transmission of TB improved significantly after the intervention. Students who considered TB to be curable represented 49.7% of the sample before intervention and increased to 93.4% after the intervention. Before the intervention, only 11.6% of the students refused isolation of TB patients, 34.3% agreed that TB patients could be treated at home and 30.2% said that they would accept engagement to a previous TB patient. These figures improved significantly to 38.8%, 63.8%, and 50.5%, respectively after the intervention. Knowledge and attitude of students towards TB are generally poor. TB education program implemented in schools can enhance students' knowledge and change their attitude towards TB patients Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, Tuberculosis, Health Education, Students, Schools, Awareness, Questionnaires, Knowledge, Risk Factors, Attitude Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-78930 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shata,Hanan, Deghedi,Bothaina, Shama,Mona, Koura,Manal, Loutfy,Naguiba Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation	2014	Abdominal Centre, 3133, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 27-Mar Volume (3):CD002294. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD002294 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinoxalines); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 24671929 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD002294.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24671929 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokers have a substantially increased risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative smoking intervention may be effective in decreasing this incidence, and surgery may constitute a unique opportunity for smoking cessation interventions. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review are to assess the effect of preoperative smoking intervention on smoking cessation at the time of surgery and 12 months postoperatively, and on the incidence of postoperative complications. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in January 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that recruited people who smoked prior to surgery, offered a smoking cessation intervention, and measured preoperative and long-term abstinence from smoking or the incidence of postoperative complications or both outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The review authors independently assessed studies to determine eligibility, and discussed the results between them. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen trials enrolling 2010 participants met the inclusion criteria. One trial did not report cessation as an outcome. Seven reported some measure of postoperative morbidity. Most studies were judged to be at low risk of bias but the overall quality of evidence was moderate due to the small number of studies contributing to each comparison.Ten trials evaluated the effect of behavioural support on cessation at the time of surgery; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was offered or recommended to some or all participants in eight of these. Two trials initiated multisession face-to-face counselling at least four weeks before surgery and were classified as intensive interventions, whilst seven used a brief intervention. One further study provided an intensive intervention to both groups, with the intervention group additionally receiving a computer-based scheduled reduced smoking intervention. One placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of varenicline administered one week preoperatively followed by 11 weeks postoperative treatment, and one placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of nicotine lozenges from the night before surgery as an adjunct to brief counselling at the preoperative evaluation. There was evidence of heterogeneity between the effects of trials using intensive and brief interventions, so we pooled these separately. An effect on cessation at the time of surgery was apparent in both subgroups, but the effect was larger for intensive intervention (pooled risk ratio (RR) 10.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.55 to 25.46, two trials, 210 participants) than for brief interventions (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.46, 7 trials, 1141 participants). A single trial did not show evidence of benefit of a scheduled reduced smoking intervention. Neither nicotine lozenges nor varenicline were shown to increase cessation at the time of surgery but both had wide confidence intervals (RR 1.34; 95% CI 0.86 to 2.10 (1 trial, 46 participants) and RR 1.49; 95% CI 0.98 to 2.26 (1 trial, 286 participants) respectively). Four of these trials evaluated long-term smoking cessation and only the intensive intervention retained a significant effect (RR 2.96; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.55, 2 trials, 209 participants), whilst there was no evidence of a long-term effect following a brief intervention (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.75, 2 trials, 341 participants). The trial of varenicline did show a significant effect on long-term smoking cessation (RR 1.45; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.07, 1 trial, 286 participants).Seven trials examined the effect of smoking intervention on postoperative complications. As with smoking outcomes, there was evidence of heterogeneity between intensive and brief behavioural interventions. In subgroup analyses there was a significant effect of intensive intervention on any complications (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65, 2 trials, 210 participants) and on wound complications (RR 0.31; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.62, 2 trials, 210 participants). For bri Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomsen,T., Villebro,N., Moller,A.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140327 PMCID Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2012	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight. There are some interventions that have been designed to reduce weight gain when stopping smoking. Some smoking cessation interventions may also limit weight gain although their effect on weight has not been reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the effect of: (1) Interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation.(2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly affect weight on post-cessation weight change. SEARCH METHODS: Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL in September 2011.Part 2 - In addition we searched the included studies in the following "parent" Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 9, 2011 of the Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1 - We included trials of interventions that were targeted at post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow up point and/or smoking cessation six or more months after quit day.Part 2 - We included trials that had been included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews if they had reported weight gain at any time point. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on baseline characteristics of the study population, intervention, outcome and study quality. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow up between trial arms and was reported in abstinent smokers only. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Part 1: Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post cessation weight gain (PCWG) resulted in a significant reduction in WG at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (Mean difference (MD) -2.50 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.98 to -2.02, 1 study), phenylpropanolamine (MD -0.50 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.20, N=3), naltrexone (MD -0.78 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.05, N=2). There was no evidence that treatment reduced weight at 6 or 12 months (m). No pharmacological intervention significantly affected smoking cessation rates.Weight management education only was associated with no reduction in PCWG at end of treatment (6 or 12m). However these interventions significantly reduced abstinence at 12m (Risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90, N=2). Personalised weight management support reduced PCWG at 12m (MD -2.58 kg, 95% CI -5.11 to -0.05, N=2) and was not associated with a significant reduction of abstinence at 12m (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.43, N=2). A very low calorie diet (VLCD) significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -3.70 kg, 95% CI -4.82 to -2.58, N=1), but not significantly so at 12m (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89, N=1). The VLCD increased chances of abstinence at 12m (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73, N=1). There was no evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy to allay concern about weight gain (CBT) reduced PCWG, but there was some evidence of increased PCWG at 6m (MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.24). It was associated with improved abstinence at 6m (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.13, N=2) but not at 12m (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.86, N=2). However, there was significant statistical heterogeneity.Part 2: We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29, N=4) however a significant reduction was found at 12m (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36, N=3).Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited PCWG at the end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.77, N=7) (fluoxetine MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.36 to - Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farley,A.C., Hajek,P., Lycett,D., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2009	Department of Primary Care & General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, B15 2TT. a.c.parsons@bham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 21-Jan Volume (1):CD006219. doi Issue 1 Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 158681-13-1 (rimonabant); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 19160269 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19160269 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight, on average about 7 kg in the long term. There are some interventions that have been specifically designed to tackle smoking cessation whilst also limiting weight gain. Many smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and other interventions may also limit weight gain. OBJECTIVES: This review is divided into two parts. (1) Interventions designed specifically to aid smoking cessation and limit post-cessation weight gain (2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly have an effect on weight SEARCH STRATEGY: Part 1: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register which includes trials indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciSearch and PsycINFO, and other reviews and conference abstracts. Part 2: We searched the included studies of Cochrane smoking cessation reviews of nicotine replacement therapy, antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), and exercise interventions, published in Issue 4, 2008 of The Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1: We included trials of interventions designed specifically to address both smoking cessation and post-cessation weight gain that had measured weight at any follow-up point and/or smoking six months or more after quitting.Part 2: We included trials from the selected Cochrane reviews that could plausibly modify post-cessation weight gain if they had reported weight gain by trial arm at end of treatment or later. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on smoking and weight for part 1 trials, and on weight only for part 2. Abstinence from smoking is expressed as a risk ratio (RR), using the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. The outcome is expressed as the difference in weight change between trial arms from baseline. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking and inverse variance for weight using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found evidence that pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing post-cessation weight gain resulted in a significant reduction in weight gain at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (-2.50kg [-2.98kg to -2.02kg], fluoxetine (-0.80kg [-1.27kg to -0.33kg], phenylpropanolamine (PPA) (-0.50kg [-0.80kg to -0.20kg], naltrexone (-0.76kg [-1.51kg to -0.01kg])). No evidence of maintenance of the treatment effect was found at six or 12 months.Among the behavioural interventions, only weight control advice was associated with no reduction in weight gain and with a possible reduction in abstinence. Individualized programmes were associated with reduced weight gain at end of treatment and at 12 months (-2.58kg [-5.11kg to -0.05kg]), and with no effect on abstinence (RR 0.74 [0.39 to 1.43]). Very low calorie diets (-1.30kg (-3.49kg to 0.89kg] at 12 months) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (-5.20kg (-9.28kg to -1.12kg] at 12 months) were both associated with improved abstinence and reduced weight gain at end of treatment and at long-term follow up.Both bupropion (300mg/day) and fluoxetine (30mg and 60mg/day combined) were found to limit post-cessation weight gain at the end of treatment (-0.76kg [-1.17kg to -0.35kg] I(2)=48%) and -1.30kg [-1.91kg to -0.69kg]) respectively. There was no evidence that the weight reducing effect of bupropion was dose-dependent. The effect of bupropion at one year was smaller and confidence intervals included no effect (-0.38kg [-2.001kg to 1.24kg]).We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced post-cessation weight gain at end of treatment but evidence for an effect at 12 months (-2.07kg [-3.78kg, -0.36kg]).Treatment with NRT resulted in attenuation of post-cessation weight gain (-0.45kg [-0.70kg, -0.20kg]) at the end of treatment, with no evidence that the effect differed for different forms of NRT. The estimat Descriptors Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/administration & dosage, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage, Piperidines/administration & dosage, Pyrazoles/administration & dosage, Quinoxalines/administration & dosage, Smoking Cessation/methods, Varenicline, Weight Gain/drug effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Parsons,A. C., Shraim,M., Inglis,J., Aveyard,P., Hajek,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090121 PMCID Editors
Interventions for recruiting smokers into cessation programmes	2012	Global eHealth Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 12-Dec Volume 12 Issue Start Page CD009187 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23235672 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD009187.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23235672 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco control is a top public health priority around the globe due to the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated morbidity and mortality. Much effort has been focused on establishing the effectiveness of different smoking cessation strategies. This review, however, aims to address the initial challenge faced by smoking cessation programmes: recruitment of smokers. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of different strategies for recruiting smokers into cessation programmes. The secondary objective was to determine the impact that these strategies had on smoking cessation rates at least six months after enrolment into a cessation programme. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the specialised register of the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group using a search strategy which included the terms ('recruit$', 'invit$', 'enter', 'entry', 'enrolment') combined with ('smok$', 'cigarette', 'smoking cessation', 'tobacco') in the title, abstract or keyword fields. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and registers of current and ongoing trials. We also searched the reference lists of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials and cluster randomised controlled trials that compared at least two different methods of recruiting current smokers into a smoking cessation programme. We also included those studies which focused on the effectiveness of a smoking cessation programme as long as the study involved multiple recruitment methods and reported results of the recruitment phase. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: From each included study, we extracted data on the type of participants, type of recruitment strategies (i.e., setting, mode of communication used, intensity and duration) and comparisons, and on randomisation, allocation concealment, and blinding procedures.Our primary outcome was the proportion of smokers successfully recruited to each cessation programme compared to alternative modalities of recruitment. Our secondary outcome was smoking cessation for at least six months. Given the substantial heterogeneity across recruitment interventions and participants, we adopted a narrative synthesis approach for summarising results. MAIN RESULTS: This review includes 19 studies with a total of 14,890 participants. We categorised the included studies according to the modes used to deliver the recruitment strategy: head to head comparison of individual recruitment strategies; comparison of the same delivery mode but with different content or intensity; and the addition of another mode to an existing recruitment method.We identified three studies that made head-to-head comparisons of different types of recruitment strategies. Of these, only one study detected a significant effect, finding that a personal phone call was more effective than a generic invitation letter (RR 40.73, 95% CI 2.53 to 654.74). Five studies compared interventions using the same delivery modes but different content. Results showed that tailored messages through an interactive voice response system resulted in a higher recruitment rate than assessment of smoking status alone using the same system (RR 8.64, 95% CI 4.41 to 16.93), and that text messages indicating scarcity of places available were more effective than generic text message reminders (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.96). One study compared interventions using the same delivery mode but different intensity and found that allowing for more phone call attempts to reach potential participants can result in better recruitment (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.18). Finally, 10 studies investigated the effect of adding a recruitment mode to existing recruitment strategies. Findings showed that: adding a text message reminder or real quotes from participants to a personal phone call improved recruitment of participants (RR 3.38, 95% CI 1.26 to 9.08 and RR 29.07, 95% CI 1.74 to 485.70 Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marcano Belisario,J.S., Bruggeling,M.N., Gunn,L.H., Brusamento,S., Car,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121212 PMCID Editors

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