Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of aromatic amines in aqueous samples | 2014 | School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangzhou Fiber Product Testing Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Chi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
26-Sep
Volume
1361
Issue
Start Page
16
Other Pages
22
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Amines); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Solutions); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/12 [received]; 2014/07/23 [revised]; 2014/07/24 [accepted]; 2014/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 25152494
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.070 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25152494
Abstract
A novel fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction (FAEME) method was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines (AAs) in aqueous samples. In this method, the extraction solvent (100 muL chlorobenzene) and the dispersive material (1.0mg kapok fiber fragments) were added successively into the aqueous sample (5.0 mL), and then the mixture was emulsified by ultrasound to form the cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation, and the sedimented phase was transferred to micro-inserts with a microsyringe for analysis. All variables involved in the extraction process were identified and optimized. By coupling the analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), excellent detection limits (0.01-0.2 mug L(-1)), good precision (RSDs, 3.33-6.56%) and linear ranges (0.10-160 mug L(-1) and 1.0-160 mug L(-1)) were obtained. Compared with the traditional solvent-emulsification method, the extraction recoveries of the proposed method were much higher. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved when the method was used for the analysis of AAs in spiked real water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Feng,W., Jiang,R., Chen,B., Ouyang,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140801
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Field application of acid mist to a single clone of Sitka spruce: Effects on foliar nutrition and frost hardiness | 1997 | Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental Pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
1997/11
Volume
98
Issue
2
Start Page
175
Other Pages
184
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0269-7491
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Trees (> 2.5 m tall) belonging to a single clone of physiologically mature Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), growing in a base rich agricultural loam, were treated approximately twice weekly with acid mist (pH 2.5) over three consecutive growing seasons. The treatment consisted of acid mist containing H+, NH4+, NO3- and SO42- in equimolar concentrations (1.6 mol m-3) identical to that used in previous open-top chamber (OTC) studies with seedlings and grafted cuttings. The acid mist supplied approximately 48 kg N and 51 kg S ha-1 year -1 and 3.3 kg H ha-1 year-1. Treated trees were surrounded by a framework which supported temporary blinds, positioned only during the spray treatment. Control trees received no treatment. Groups of four trees were assigned to one of five height classes, to take account of a gradient in height across the site, and these groups were treated as units of replication. Shoot frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for comparison with previous OTC studies. Tree size, which initially was positively correlated with differences in nutrient status (N, P, S and K), exerted a significant effect on the frost hardiness response to acid mist. Acid mist had a negative effect on frost hardiness only in the smallest trees, and only when the trees were already hardy to -20°C and treatment applications were regular and continuous up to sampling. There was no evidence of foliar mediated affects such as enhanced ion leakage rates and substantially elevated foliar S concentrations which typified OTC exposures. The usefulness of these variables with respect to monitoring field effects of acid mist is discussed together with the importance of different environmental factors which appear to control tree response in the field.
Descriptors
ammonia, nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, proton, sulfate, sulfur, acid rain, air pollution, article, cold tolerance, controlled study, nebulization, nonhuman, nutrition, pH, pine
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Sheppard,L. J., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Wilson,D., Cape,J. N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Field validation of Tasmania's aquaculture industry bounce-diving schedules using Doppler analysis of decompression stress | 2014 | Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Tasmania, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia, Phone: +61-(03)-6222-8193, Fax: +61-(03)-6222-7268, E-mail: david.smart@dhhs.tas.gov.au.; Department of | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
44
Issue
3
Start Page
124
Other Pages
136
Notes
LR: 20160128; JID: 101282742; EIN: Diving Hyperb Med. 2015 Dec;45(4):270. PMID: 26687317; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/09 [received]; 2014/07/01 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 25311318
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25311318
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tasmania's aquaculture industry produces over 40,000 tonnes of fish annually, valued at over AUD500M. Aquaculture divers perform repetitive, short-duration bounce dives in fish pens to depths up to 21 metres' sea water (msw). Past high levels of decompression illness (DCI) may have resulted from these 'yo-yo' dives. This study aimed to assess working divers, using Doppler ultrasonic bubble detection, to determine if yo-yo diving was a risk factor for DCI, determine dive profiles with acceptable risk and investigate productivity improvement. METHODS: Field data were collected from working divers during bounce diving at marine farms near Hobart, Australia. Ascent rates were less than 18 m.min(-)(1), with routine safety stops (3 min at 3 msw) during the final ascent. The Kisman-Masurel method was used to grade bubbling post dive as a means of assessing decompression stress. In accordance with Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto practice, dives were rejected as excessive risk if more than 50% of scores were over Grade 2. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2008, Doppler data were collected from 150 bounce-dive series (55 divers, 1,110 bounces). Three series of bounce profiles, characterized by in-water times, were validated: 13-15 msw, 10 bounces inside 75 min; 16-18 msw, six bounces inside 50 min; and 19-21 msw, four bounces inside 35 min. All had median bubble grades of 0. Further evaluation validated two successive series of bounces. Bubble grades were consistent with low-stress dive profiles. Bubble grades did not correlate with the number of bounces, but did correlate with ascent rate and in-water time. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest bounce diving was not a major factor causing DCI in Tasmanian aquaculture divers. Analysis of field data has improved industry productivity by increasing the permissible number of bounces, compared to earlier empirically-derived tables, without compromising safety. The recommended Tasmanian Bounce Diving Tables provide guidance for bounce diving to a depth of 21 msw, and two successive bounce dive series in a day's diving.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Smart,D.R., Van den Broek,C., Nishi,R., Cooper,P.D., Eastman,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Field Validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Infection | 2016 | Corgenix, Broomfield, Colorado Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital Ministry of Health a | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of infectious diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Infect.Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
11-Aug
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160813; CI: (c) The Author 2016; JID: 0413675; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1537-6613; 0022-1899
Accession Number
PMID: 27521365
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
jiw261 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27521365
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic is the largest recorded. Triage on the basis of clinical signs had limited success, and the time to diagnosis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) could exceed 5 days. Here we describe the development and field validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test (ReEBOV RDT) to aid triage of individuals with suspected EVD. METHODS: Samples from patients with suspected EVD were submitted to Kenema Government Hospital, Sierra Leone, for Lassa fever and EVD screening throughout 2014. Banked residual clinical samples were tested in November 2014 and January 2015 in a blinded field trial to estimate the clinical effectiveness of the ReEBOV RDT, compared with EBOV-specific qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Preliminary ReEBOV RDT performance demonstrated a positive percentage agreement (PPA) of 91.1% (195 of 214 results; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.5%-94.6%) and a negative percentage agreement (NPA) of 90.2% (175 of 194; 95% CI, 85.1%-94.0%). The final estimates used by the Food and Drug Administration to determine whether to grant emergency use authorization for the test, which excluded a qRT-PCR reference method threshold cutoff, were a PPA of 62.1% (72 of 116 results; 95% CI, 52.6%-70.9%) and a NPA of 96.7% (58 of 60; 95% CI, 88.5%-99.6%), with a diagnostic likelihood of 18.6. A subsequent, independent evaluation by the World Health Organization generated results consistent with the preliminary performance estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The ReEBOV RDT demonstrated the potential to provide clinically effective rapid and accurate point-of-care test results and, thus, to be a powerful tool for increasing triage efficiency.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Data Source
Authors
Boisen,M.L., Cross,R.W., Hartnett,J.N., Goba,A., Momoh,M., Fullah,M., Gbakie,M., Safa,S., Fonnie,M., Baimba,F., Koroma,V.J., Geisbert,J.B., McCormick,S., Nelson,D.K., Millett,M.M., Oottamasathien,D., Jones,A.B., Pham,H., Brown,B.L., Shaffer,J.G., Schieffelin,J.S., Kargbo,B., Gbetuwa,M., Gevao,S.M., Wilson,R.B., Pitts,K.R., Geisbert,T.W., Branco,L.M., Khan,S.H., Grant,D.S., Garry,R.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160811
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fine particle air pollution and secondhand smoke exposures and risks inside 66 US casinos | 2011 | Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. repace@comcast.net | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
111
Issue
4
Start Page
473
Other Pages
484
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0147621; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/04/28 [received]; 2011/02/07 [revised]; 2011/02/12 [accepted]; 2011/03/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-0953; 0013-9351
Accession Number
PMID: 21440253
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21440253
Abstract
Smoking bans often exempt casinos, exposing occupants to fine particles (PM(2.5)) from secondhand smoke. We quantified the relative contributions to PM(2.5) from both secondhand smoke and infiltrating outdoor sources in US casinos. We measured real-time PM(2.5), particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (as an index of ventilation rate) inside and outside 8 casinos in Reno, Nevada. We combined these data with data from previous studies, yielding a total of 66 US casinos with smoking in California, Delaware, Nevada, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, developing PM(2.5) frequency distributions, with 3 nonsmoking casinos for comparison. Geometric means for PM(2.5) were 53.8 mug/m(3) (range 18.5-205 mug/m(3)) inside smoking casinos, 4.3 mug/m(3) (range 0.26-29.7 mug/m(3)) outside those casinos, and 3.1 mug/m(3) (range 0.6-9 mug/m(3)) inside 3 nonsmoking casinos. In a subset of 21 Reno and Las Vegas smoking casinos, PM(2.5) in gaming areas averaged 45.2 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 37.7-52.7 mug/m(3)); adjacent nonsmoking casino restaurants averaged 27.2 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 17.5-36.9 mug/m(3)), while PM(2.5) outside the casinos averaged 3.9 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 2.5-5.3 mug/m(3)). For a subset of 10 Nevada and Pennsylvania smoking casinos, incremental (indoor-outdoor) PM(2.5) was correlated with incremental PPAH (R(2)=0.79), with ventilation rate-adjusted smoker density (R(2)=0.73), and with smoker density (R(2)=0.60), but not with ventilation rates (R(2)=0.15). PPAH levels in 8 smoking casinos in 3 states averaged 4 times outdoors. The nonsmoking casinos' PM(2.5) (n=3) did not differ from outdoor levels, nor did their PPAH (n=2). Incremental PM(2.5) from secondhand smoke in approximately half the smoking casinos exceeded a level known to produce cardiovascular morbidity in nonsmokers after less than 2h of exposure, posing acute health risks to patrons and workers. Casino ventilation and air cleaning practices failed to control secondhand smoke PM(2.5). Drifting PM(2.5) from secondhand smoke contaminated unseparated nonsmoking areas. Smoke-free casinos reduced PM(2.5) to the same low levels found outdoors.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Repace,J.L., Jiang,R.T., Acevedo-Bolton,V., Cheng,K.C., Klepeis,N.E., Ott,W.R., Hildemann,L.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110325
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fine particulate matter concentrations in smoking households: just how much secondhand smoke do you breathe in if you live with a smoker who smokes indoors? | 2015 | Respiratory Group, Division of Applied Health Sciences, Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.; Respiratory Group, Division of Applied Heal | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
24
Issue
e3
Start Page
e205
Other Pages
11
Notes
CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacc
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25331379
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051635 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25331379
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Using data on fine particulate matter less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5) concentrations in smoking and non-smoking homes in Scotland to estimate the mass of PM2.5 inhaled by different age groups. METHODS: Data from four linked studies, with real-time measurements of PM2.5 in homes, were combined with data on typical breathing rates and time-activity patterns. Monte Carlo modelling was used to estimate daily PM2.5 intake, the percentage of total PM2.5 inhaled within the home environment and the percentage reduction in daily intake that could be achieved by switching to a smoke-free home. RESULTS: Median (IQR) PM2.5 concentrations from 93 smoking homes were 31 (10-111) mug/m(3) and 3 (2-6.5) mug/m(3) for the 17 non-smoking homes. Non-smokers living with smokers typically have average PM2.5 exposure levels more than three times higher than the WHO guidance for annual exposure to PM2.5 (10 mug/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Fine particulate pollution in Scottish homes where smoking is permitted is approximately 10 times higher than in non-smoking homes. Taken over a lifetime many non-smokers living with a smoker inhale a similar mass of PM2.5 as a non-smoker living in a heavily polluted city such as Beijing. Most non-smokers living in smoking households would experience reductions of over 70% in their daily inhaled PM2.5 intake if their home became smoke-free. The reduction is likely to be greatest for the very young and for older members of the population because they typically spend more time at home.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Semple,S., Apsley,A., Azmina Ibrahim,T., Turner,S.W., Cherrie,J.W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141020
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fine particulate matter measurements in Swiss restaurants, cafes and bars: what is the effect of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas? | 2010 | Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg, Bern, Switzerland. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indoor air
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indoor Air
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
20
Issue
1
Start Page
52
Other Pages
60
Notes
LR: 20130520; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/09/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
1600-0668; 0905-6947
Accession Number
PMID: 19958392
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00625.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19958392
Abstract
We performed 124 measurements of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in 95 hospitality venues such as restaurants, bars, cafes, and a disco, which had differing smoking regulations. We evaluated the impact of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas on mean PM(2.5) concentration, taking relevant characteristics of the venue, such as the type of ventilation or the presence of additional PM(2.5) sources, into account. We differentiated five smoking environments: (i) completely smoke-free location, (ii) non-smoking room spatially separated from a smoking room, (iii) non-smoking area with a smoking area located in the same room, (iv) smoking area with a non-smoking area located in the same room, and (v) smoking location which could be either a room where smoking was allowed that was spatially separated from non-smoking room or a hospitality venue without smoking restriction. In these five groups, the geometric mean PM(2.5) levels were (i) 20.4, (ii) 43.9, (iii) 71.9, (iv) 110.4, and (v) 110.3 microg/m(3), respectively. This study showed that even if non-smoking and smoking areas were spatially separated into two rooms, geometric mean PM(2.5) levels in non-smoking rooms were considerably higher than in completely smoke-free hospitality venues. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: PM(2.5) levels are considerably increased in the non-smoking area if smoking is allowed anywhere in the same location. Even locating the smoking area in another room resulted in a more than doubling of the PM(2.5) levels in the non-smoking room compared with venues where smoking was not allowed at all. In practice, spatial separation of rooms where smoking is allowed does not prevent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nearby non-smoking areas.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Particle Size, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Switzerland, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Huss,A., Kooijman,C., Breuer,M., Bohler,P., Zund,T., Wenk,S., Roosli,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090911
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| First description of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from Egypt | 2006 | Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
27
Issue
6
Start Page
545
Other Pages
548
Notes
JID: 9111860; 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.- (CTX-M-27, E coli); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-14); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2005/11/02 [received]; 2006/01/08 [accepted]; 2006/05/18 [aheadofprint];
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0924-8579; 0924-8579
Accession Number
PMID: 16713187
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
S0924-8579(06)00092-6 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16713187
Abstract
We studied the presence of beta-lactamases with an extended spectrum of activity in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from Cairo, Egypt. Forty-six E. coli isolates were collected from patients with urinary tract infections at a university hospital in 2001. Phenotypic characterisation identified a very high extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) rate of 60.9%. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profiles revealed eight different clonal groups. All ESBL producers were polymerase chain reaction-positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Within the CTX-M family, three different enzymes, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-27, were found. The ESBL producers carried multiple plasmids and further plasmid-encoded resistances. In several strains, genes for up to six aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes were detected. A linkage to fluoroquinolone resistance was not observed. This study confirms the high rate of ESBLs in Egypt and further demonstrates the worldwide spread of genes coding for CTX-M enzymes in clinical isolates.
Descriptors
Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli/drug effects/enzymology, Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics, Humans, Plasmids, Polymerase Chain Reaction, beta-Lactamases/genetics
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mohamed Al-Agamy,M. H., El-Din Ashour,M. S., Wiegand,I.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20060518
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| First tobacco product tried: associations with smoking status and demographics among college students | 2015 | Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: ESutfin@wakehealth.edu.; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Publi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
51
Issue
Start Page
152
Other Pages
157
Notes
LR: 20150902; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/10 [received]; 2015/07/17 [revised]; 2015/07/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [aheadofprint]; pp
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 26265038
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.022 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26265038
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: As the tobacco market expands, so too have the opportunities for youth to be introduced to nicotine. The goal of this study was to identify product choice for initial tobacco trial, correlates associated with product choice, and the relationship between first product and current cigarette smoking among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional web survey of 3146 first-year students at 11 universities in North Carolina and Virginia was conducted in fall 2010. RESULTS: Weighted prevalence of ever use of tobacco was 48.6%. Cigarettes were the most common first product (37.9%), followed by cigars (29.3%), hookahs (24.6%), smokeless tobacco (6.1%), and bidis/kreteks (2.2%). Two thirds (65%) of current smokers initiated with cigarettes, but 16.4% started with cigars, 11.1% with hookahs, 5.7% with smokeless, and 1.7% with bidis/kreteks. Females were more likely to report their first product was cigarettes and hookahs, while males were more likely to start with cigars and smokeless tobacco. Compared to those whose first product trial occurred after the age of 18, younger age of initiation (17years or younger) was associated with cigarettes and smokeless as first products, while older age of initiation (18 or older) was associated with starting with hookahs and cigars. Dual or poly tobacco use was more common among those who initiated with hookahs and smokeless tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: While over a third of students used cigarettes first, two thirds started with a non-cigarette product. Just about a third of current cigarette smokers initiated with a non-cigarette product, suggesting that those non-cigarette products may have facilitated escalation to cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Sutfin,E.L., Sparks,A., Pockey,J.R., Suerken,C.K., Reboussin,B.A., Wagoner,K.G., Spangler,J., Wolfson,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150726
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fishing effort and catch composition of urban market and rural villages in Brazilian Amazon | 2011 | Departmento de Ecologia, UFRGS, CP 15007, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental management
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Manage.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
47
Issue
2
Start Page
188
Other Pages
200
Notes
JID: 7703893; 2009/03/18 [received]; 2010/11/03 [accepted]; 2010/12/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1432-1009; 0364-152X
Accession Number
PMID: 21153639
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00267-010-9584-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21153639
Abstract
The management of small-scale freshwater fisheries in Amazon has been based usually on surveys of urban markets, while fisheries of rural villages have gone unnoticed. We compared the fishing characteristics (catch, effort and selectivity) between an urban market and five small villages in the Lower Tocantins River (Brazilian Amazon), downstream from a large reservoir. We recorded 86 and 601 fish landings in the urban market and villages, respectively, using the same methodology. The urban fishers showed higher catch per unit of effort, higher amount of ice (related to a higher fishing effort, as ice is used to store fish catches) and larger crew size per fishing trip, but village fishers had a higher estimated annual fish production. Conversely, urban and village fishers used similar fishing gear (gillnets) and the main fish species caught were the same. However, village fishers showed more diverse strategies regarding gear, habitats and fish caught. Therefore, although it underestimated the total amount of fish caught in the Lower Tocantins River region, the data from the urban market could be a reliable indicator of main fish species exploited and fishing gear used by village fishers. Monitoring and management should consider the differences and similarities between urban and rural fisheries, in Amazon and in other tropical regions.
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Hallwass,G., Lopes,P.F., Juras,A.A., Silvano,R.A.
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20101212
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