WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Evaluation of Bar and Nightclub Intervention to Decrease Young Adult Smoking in New Mexico	2016	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Califo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 59 Issue 2 Start Page 222 Other Pages 229 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 9102136; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/09 [received]; 2016/04/12 [revised]; 2016/04/15 [accepted]; 2016/06/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 27265423 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27265423 Abstract PURPOSE: Over 20% of young adults in New Mexico currently smoke. We evaluated cigarette smoking prevalence of young adult bar patrons during an anti-tobacco Social Branding intervention. METHODS: The Social Branding intervention used a smoke-free brand, "HAVOC," to compete with tobacco marketing within the "Partier" young adult peer crowd. A series of cross-sectional surveys were collected from adults aged 18-26 in bars and nightclubs in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from 2009 to 2013 using randomized time-location sampling. Multivariable multinomial regression using full information maximum likelihood estimation to account for missing data evaluated differences in daily and nondaily smoking during the intervention, controlling for demographics, other risk behaviors, and tobacco-related attitudes. RESULTS: Data were collected from 1,069 individuals at Time 1, and 720, 1,142, and 1,149 participants at Times 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Current smoking rates decreased from 47.5% at Time 1 to 37.5% at Time 4 (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Kalkhoran,S., Lisha,N.E., Neilands,T.B., Jordan,J.W., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160603 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for the control of biofilms	1997	Walker, J.T., Environmental and Biosafety Services, CAMR, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 35 Issue 12-Nov Start Page 319 Other Pages 323 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A continuous culture chemostat model was used to simulate a flowing water pipe system such as those found in buildings. A primary vessel was set up to grow an inoculum that would represent a water storage tank feeding secondary and tertiary vessels downstream that simulated the water system. Filter-sterilised tap water was used as the growth medium in the continuous culture vessels with no exogenous carbon sources. In addition, the microbial culture consisted of a mixed consortium obtained from a potable water system. Secondary and tertiary vessels enabled the biofilms to be formed before being challenged with appropriate biocides. Even when testing the efficacy of the different biocides, the vessels were still being challenged with the microbial consortium which was constantly flowing from the primary reservoir vessel. This configuration ensured the reproducibility of the model when testing to destruction in the secondary vessels. The flexibility of the system enabled chlorine dioxide to be tested. Descriptors chlorine dioxide, drinking water, tap water, bacterial growth, biofilm, building, chemostat, conference paper, culture medium, disinfection, reproducibility, water quality, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Walker,J. T., Morales,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of coliforms as indicators of water quality in India	1992	Ramteke, P.W., Division of Aquatic Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Ctr., Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Applied Bacteriology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Bacteriol. Pub Date Free Form 1992/ Volume 72 Issue 4 Start Page 352 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-8847 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The total and thermotolerant coliform counts in rural drinking water derived from ground water, piped supplies and surface water are reported for a number of areas in India. To evaluate these counts as indicators of recent faecal contamination the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms isolated have been identified. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli formed 11.7% of the total coliforms and 75.1% of the thermotolerant coliforms. Citrobacter sp. (20.4%) and Klebsiella sp. (50.9%) were the other common total coliforms isolated and, among the thermotolerant coliforms, Klebsiella sp. (16.4%) was the only other organism frequently encountered. The total coliform counts were significantly correlated with water temperature. The applicability in tropical areas of standards developed for temperate climates is discussed. Descriptors drinking water, surface water, article, bacterium contamination, evaluation and follow up, heat tolerance, India, nonhuman, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ramteke,P. W., Bhattacharjee,J. W., Pathak,S. P., Kalra,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of cytological alterations of oral mucosa in smokers and waterpipe users	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cell J Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 4 Start Page 302 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 24381854 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: Oral mucosal epithelia of smokers and waterpipe users are more susceptible to malignant alterations. The aim of this study was morphometric evaluation of the effects of using waterpipe on normal oral mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY, CYTOLOGIC SMEAR SAMPLES FROM THE FOLLOWING THREE DIFFERENT AREAS: buccal mucosa, lateral surface of the tongue, and floor of the mouth (right) were taken from 40 smokers, 40 waterpipe users, and 40 normal individuals. They were then stained using Papanicolaou staining technique. Quantitative cytologic alterations such as nuclear and cytoplasmic size, nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, Feret ratio (FR), percent of karriorhexis, vacuolization of cytoplasm, two or multilobed nuclei, inflammation, and candida were evaluated. Quantitative evaluation was performed using MoticPlus 2 software, and 50 cells in each slide were studied. Practitioners were matched with age and sex in three groups. RESULTS: An increase in nuclear size, the N/C ratio, and F.R, while a decrease in cytoplasm size were observed in lateral surface of the tongue, buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth of smokers, waterpipe users and normal individuals, respectively (pâ‰¤0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in percent of karriorhexis, vacuolization of cytoplasm, and two or multilobed nuclei in oral mucosa of smokers, waterpipe users (p=0.8), and normal individuals (p=0.9) in buccal mucosa, tongue, and mouth floor areas. However, the percentage of inflammation and candida in smokers (p Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866533/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Seifi,Safoura, Feizi,Farideh, Mehdizadeh,Mohammad, Khafri,Soraya, Ahmadi,Behrang Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of electronic cigarette use (vaping) topography and estimation of liquid consumption: implications for research protocol standards definition and for public health authorities' regulation	2013	Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356, Kallithea, Greece. kfarsalinos@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jun Volume 10 Issue 6 Start Page 2500 Other Pages 2514 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC3717749; 2013/05/18 [received]; 2013/06/06 [revised]; 2013/06/07 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 23778060 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph10062500 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23778060 Abstract BACKGROUND: Although millions of people are using electronic cigarettes (ECs) and research on this topic has intensified in recent years, the pattern of EC use has not been systematically studied. Additionally, no comparative measure of exposure and nicotine delivery between EC and tobacco cigarette or nicotine replacement therapy (NRTs) has been established. This is important, especially in the context of the proposal for a new Tobacco Product Directive issued by the European Commission. METHODS: A second generation EC device, consisting of a higher capacity battery and tank atomiser design compared to smaller cigarette-like batteries and cartomizers, and a 9 mg/mL nicotine-concentration liquid were used in this study. Eighty subjects were recruited; 45 experienced EC users and 35 smokers. EC users were video-recorded when using the device (ECIG group), while smokers were recorded when smoking (SM-S group) and when using the EC (SM-E group) in a randomized cross-over design. Puff, inhalation and exhalation duration were measured. Additionally, the amount of EC liquid consumed by experienced EC users was measured at 5 min (similar to the time needed to smoke one tobacco cigarette) and at 20 min (similar to the time needed for a nicotine inhaler to deliver 4 mg nicotine). RESULTS: Puff duration was significantly higher in ECIG (4.2 +/- 0.7 s) compared to SM-S (2.1 +/- 0.4 s) and SM-E (2.3 +/- 0.5 s), while inhalation time was lower (1.3 +/- 0.4, 2.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 respectively). No difference was observed in exhalation duration. EC users took 13 puffs and consumed 62 +/- 16 mg liquid in 5 min; they took 43 puffs and consumed 219 +/- 56 mg liquid in 20 min. Nicotine delivery was estimated at 0.46 +/- 0.12 mg after 5 min and 1.63 +/- 0.41 mg after 20 min of use. Therefore, 20.8 mg/mL and 23.8 mg/mL nicotine-containing liquids would deliver 1 mg of nicotine in 5 min and 4 mg nicotine in 20 min, respectively. Since the ISO method significantly underestimates nicotine delivery by tobacco cigarettes, it seems that liquids with even higher than 24 mg/mL nicotine concentration would be comparable to one tobacco cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: EC use topography is significantly different compared to smoking. Four-second puffs with 20-30 s interpuff interval should be used when assessing EC effects in laboratory experiments, provided that the equipment used does not get overheated. Based on the characteristics of the device used in this study, a 20 mg/mL nicotine concentration liquid would be needed in order to deliver nicotine at amounts similar to the maximum allowable content of one tobacco cigarette (as measured by the ISO 3308 method). The results of this study do not support the statement of the European Commission Tobacco Product Directive that liquids with nicotine concentration of 4 mg/mL are comparable to NRTs in the amount of nicotine delivered to the user. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farsalinos,K.E., Romagna,G., Tsiapras,D., Kyrzopoulos,S., Voudris,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130618 PMCID PMC3717749 Editors
Evaluation of exposure biomarkers in offshore workers exposed to low benzene and toluene concentrations	2012	Institut universitaire romand de Sante au Travail, Lausanne, Switzerland. Nancy.Hopf@hospvd.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International archives of occupational and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.Arch.Occup.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 85 Issue 3 Start Page 261 Other Pages 271 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7512134; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 3KD92ZL2KH (muconic acid); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); X045WJ989B ( Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1246; 0340-0131 Accession Number PMID: 21671104 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00420-011-0664-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21671104 Abstract PURPOSE: Characterize ethylbenzene and xylene air concentrations, and explore the biological exposure markers (urinary t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and unmetabolized toluene) among petroleum workers offshore. Offshore workers have increased health risks due to simultaneous exposures to several hydrocarbons present in crude oil. We discuss the pooled benzene exposure results from our previous and current studies and possible co-exposure interactions. METHODS: BTEX air concentrations were measured during three consecutive 12-h work shifts among 10 tank workers, 15 process operators, and 18 controls. Biological samples were collected pre-shift on the first day of study and post-shift on the third day of the study. RESULTS: The geometric mean exposure over the three work shifts were 0.02 ppm benzene, 0.05 ppm toluene, 0.03 ppm ethylbenzene, and 0.06 ppm xylene. Benzene in air was significantly correlated with unmetabolized benzene in blood (r = 0.69, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hopf,N.B., Kirkeleit,J., Bratveit,M., Succop,P., Talaska,G., Moen,B.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110614 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of fast volatile analysis for detection of Botrytis cinerea infections in strawberry	2012	BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 414 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8601127; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 2011/10/21 [received]; 2012/07/04 [revised]; 2012/08/06 [accepted]; 2012/08/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 22986207 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2012.08.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22986207 Abstract Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the major phytopathogens causing serious losses during strawberry postharvest and storage. B. cinerea-host interaction affect emissions of volatile compounds during infection resulting in a characteristic earthy, mushroom odor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate two analytical techniques based on fast volatile analysis on their performance for monitoring evolution and early detection of B. cinerea infections in strawberry. In a first experiment headspace multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry (HS MCC-IMS) has been successfully used to evaluate development of strawberry aroma during shelflife. In a second experiment the same technique has been used to detect the degree of B. cinerea infection through changes in the volatile profile. Additionally, these samples were analyzed with headspace solid-phase-microextraction fast GC-MS (HS SPME fast GC-MS). Both HS MCC-IMS and HS SPME fast GC-MS could determine the changes in volatile composition as a function of the degree of B. cinerea infection as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and could be used to follow the evolution of infection. According to the ELISA data, some fruit were infected even without any symptoms and volatiles produced by the fungus may be overshadowed by the fruit volatiles. Therefore, both analytical techniques could not be used for early detection of B. cinerea infections. After identification of the volatile compounds and multivariate data analysis, potential biomarkers specific for B. cinerea were highlighted, being 3-methylbutanal, cis-4-decenal, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-octen-3-one and 1-octen-3-ol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Vandendriessche,T., Keulemans,J., Geeraerd,A., Nicolai,B.M., Hertog,M.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120811 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of indoor BTX in an outskirt zone of Rome (Italy)	2003	Istituto sull'Inquinamento Atmosferico CNR, Via Salaria km 29.3, C.P. 10, 00016-Monterotondo Scalo RM, Italy. bertoni@iia.mlib.cnr.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annali di Chimica Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Chim. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 93 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 27 Other Pages 33 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7610375; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 0003-4592; 0003-4592 Accession Number PMID: 12650571 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12650571 Abstract Correlation between indoor and outdoor levels of BTX (benzene, toluene and the sum of ethyl benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene) has been investigated at thirteen homes, thirteen classrooms and related outdoor atmospheres. Non smoking people and low polluted sites were chosen for this campaign, in order to highlight if commonly used domestic materials could act as internal sources. Data, obtained by employing long-term diffusive samplers over a three-month period, are compared with a parallel experiment showing the day-night indoor/outdoor trend. The obtained results let us conclude that there is evidence of internal sources at homes whilst in the schools depletion phenomena prevail, probably due to the walls adsorption. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Humans, Italy, Schools, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bertoni,G., Tappa,R., Ciuchini,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of interclonal elemental-profile variation in Sitka spruce seed	1986	Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biochemical genetics Periodical, Abbrev. Biochem.Genet. Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 24 Issue 10-Sep Start Page 729 Other Pages 741 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0006-2928 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Elemental profiles of seeds collected from four ramets in each of 10 clones growing in a 12-year-old Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] seed orchard were determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry. The data collected from the resultant spectra were used to assess differences among clones and among ramets of a single clone and to determine the mechanism governing the observed differences. The spectra were shown to be different from each other and were specific to each clone. Results from analyses of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the clonal differences accounted for the majority of variation (77%), while among ramets within clones differences rated second (17%). Broad-sense heritability estimates were highly significant and ranged from 0.46 to 0.95. The multivariate analyses conducted on the data further emphasized the results obtained from ANOVA and a high degree of success (90%) was achieved in classifying seed samples to their source clone. Results support the hypothesis that the elemental uptake and assimilation of minerals of Sitka spruce is under genetic control. Descriptors mineral, gene control, heredity, vascular plant, methodology, molecular cloning, nonhuman, normal value Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors El-Kassaby,Y. A., McLean,J. A., Fashler,A. M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of knowledge and behavior of and attitudes towards smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco in patients with chronic renal failure	2013	Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. hakisucakli@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Transplantation proceedings Periodical, Abbrev. Transplant.Proc. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 45 Issue 6 Start Page 2129 Other Pages 2132 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0243532; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/11/02 [received]; 2012/12/18 [revised]; 2013/03/06 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2623; 0041-1345 Accession Number PMID: 23953522 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.03.027 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23953522 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking can have negative effects on renal function in healthy individuals, which may result in kidney disease. To determine knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco among patients with chronic renal failure, we sought to provide evidence for appropriate precautions and guidance for further research. METHODS: The study included 86.7% of 390 patients undergoing treatment for chronic renal failure who completed a 30-question instrument. RESULTS: Of the participants, 7.9% were smokers and 12.6% ex-smokers. Among the smokers, 61% said they wanted to quit and 45% said they needed help to quit. Of the participants, 9.5% were using Maras powder, a type of smokeless tobacco. Of the smokeless tobacco users, 55.6% noted that they wanted to give it up. The rate of the participants smoking cigarettes and/or using smokeless tobacco was 17.4%. In addition, 38.9% of the participants said that they started to use smokeless tobacco to quit smoking cigarettes. Of the participants, 62.6% thought smoking was harmful to the kidneys. The rate of the passive smokers was 30.2%. Of the participants, 66.3% explained that they were exposed to smoke at home. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate interventions should begin to help patients with chronic renal failure stop smoking and to prevent them from exposure to cigarette smoke. Smokers should be informed that using smokeless tobacco is not a way to stop smoking cigarettes. Education programs should be conducted to prevent people from using smokeless tobacco and to help smokeless tobacco users to quit their habit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Sucakli,M.H., Kahraman,H., Altunoren,O., Celik,M., Sayarlioglu,H., Dogan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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