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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Electronic Cigarette Use and Attempts to Quit Smoking Cigarettes Among Adolescents in Taiwan	2019		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Adolescent Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 64 Issue 1 Start Page 99 Other Pages 106 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Data Source google Authors Chen, Pei-Ching, Chang, Li-Chuan, Hsu, Chieh, Lee, Yue-Chune Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting	2016	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 15-Feb Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160816; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: F31 DA040319/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26880745 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052772 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26880745 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible cigarettes causes numerous diseases. Policies have been developed to prevent SHS exposure from indoor cigarette use to reduce health risks to non-smokers. However, fewer policies have been implemented to deter electronic cigarette (ECIG) use indoors, and limited research has examined the impact of secondhand exposure to ECIG aerosol. METHODS: Indoor air quality was measured at a 2-day ECIG event held in a large room at a hotel. Fine particulate matter (PM) was measured using 2 devices that measured concentrations of PM 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5). Measurements were taken before the event, over 2 days when the event was ongoing, and the day after the event. PM2.5 measurements were also taken from the restaurant at the hotel hosting the event and a restaurant at a nearby hotel. RESULTS: During 6 time points when the event was ongoing, between 59 and 86 active ECIG users were present in the event room (room volume=4023 m3). While the event was ongoing, median PM2.5 concentrations in the event room increased from a baseline of 1.92-3.20 mug/m3 to concentrations that ranged from 311.68 mug/m3 (IQR 253.44-411.84 mug/m3) to 818.88 mug/m3 (IQR 760.64-975.04 mug/m3). CONCLUSIONS: PM2.5 concentrations observed at the ECIG event were higher than concentrations reported previously in hookah cafes and bars that allow cigarette smoking. This study indicates that indoor ECIG use exposes non-users to secondhand ECIG aerosol. Regulatory bodies should consider establishing policies that prohibit ECIG use anywhere combustible cigarette use is prohibited. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Soule,E.K., Maloney,S.F., Spindle,T.R., Rudy,A.K., Hiler,M.M., Cobb,C.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160215 PMCID PMC4985441 Editors
Electronic cigarette use and its association with smoking in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents	2015	School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: syho@hku.hk.; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; School of Public Heal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 50 Issue Start Page 124 Other Pages 127 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/09 [received]; 2015/04/09 [revised]; 2015/06/16 [accepted]; 2015/06/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 26132536 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.037 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26132536 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly used in adolescents with unknown impacts on conventional cigarette smoking. We examined the associations of e-cigarette use with smoking intention, nicotine addiction and smoking cessation in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 45,128 students (age 14.6 +/- 1.9; boys 51.4%) from 75 randomly selected schools in Hong Kong reported e-cigarette use (in the past 30 days), conventional cigarette use and socio-demographic characteristics in an anonymous questionnaire survey. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of intention to smoke, morning smoking urge, intention to quit and quit attempts; and beta-coefficient (beta) of cigarette consumption per day were calculated in relation to e-cigarette use. RESULTS: E-cigarette use was associated with intention to smoke with an AOR (95% CI) of 1.74 (1.30-2.31) in all students, 2.18 (1.12-4.23) in never and 2.79 (2.05-3.79) in ever smokers (non-significant interaction by smoking status). The associations were also significant in experimental and former smokers but not in current smokers. In current smokers, e-cigarette use was significantly associated with heavier smoking (beta 2.54, 95% CI 1.28-3.81) and morning smoking urge (AOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.50-3.11), and non-significantly associated with lower quit intention (0.76, 0.52-1.09) and attempts (0.80, 0.56-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use was associated with smoking intention in never, experimental and former smokers in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. In current smokers, e-cigarette use was associated with nicotine addiction but not quit intention and attempts. Prospective studies with detailed measurements on e-cigarette use are warranted for further studies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Wang,M.P., Ho,S.Y., Leung,L.T., Lam,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150624 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette use by college students	2013	Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States. ESutfin@wakehealth.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 131 Issue 3 Start Page 214 Other Pages 221 Notes LR: 20150426; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; GR: F32CA141933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K01 DA027097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K01DA027097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AA014007/AA/NIAAA NIH Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 23746429 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23746429 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are battery operated devices that deliver nicotine via inhaled vapor. There is considerable controversy about the disease risk and toxicity of e-cigarettes and empirical evidence on short- and long-term health effects is minimal. Limited data on e-cigarette use and correlates exist, and to our knowledge, no prevalence rates among U.S. college students have been reported. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use and identify correlates of use among a large, multi-institution, random sample of college students. METHODS: 4444 students from 8 colleges in North Carolina completed a Web-based survey in fall 2009. RESULTS: Ever use of e-cigarettes was reported by 4.9% of students, with 1.5% reporting past month use. Correlates of ever use included male gender, Hispanic or "Other race" (compared to non-Hispanic Whites), Greek affiliation, conventional cigarette smoking and e-cigarette harm perceptions. Although e-cigarette use was more common among conventional cigarette smokers, 12% of ever e-cigarette users had never smoked a conventional cigarette. Among current cigarette smokers, e-cigarette use was negatively associated with lack of knowledge about e-cigarette harm, but was not associated with intentions to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Although e-cigarette use was more common among conventional cigarette smokers, it was not exclusive to them. E-cigarette use was not associated with intentions to quit smoking among a sub-sample of conventional cigarette smokers. Unlike older, more established cigarette smokers, e-cigarette use by college students does not appear to be motivated by the desire to quit cigarette smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Sutfin,E.L., McCoy,T.P., Morrell,H.E., Hoeppner,B.B., Wolfson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130607 PMCID PMC3760168 Editors
Electronic cigarette use in the European Union: analysis of a representative sample of 27 460 Europeans from 28 countries	2016	Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece.; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.; Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece.; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcoh	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form 24-Jun Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160822; CI: (c) 2016; JID: 9304118; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/11 [received]; 2016/05/02 [revised]; 2016/06/17 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 27338716 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1111/add.13506 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27338716 Abstract AIMS: To assess prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, reported changes in smoking status due to e-cigarette use and correlates of e-cigarette use in the European Union (EU) member states in 2014. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of EU citizens representative of the population (Special Eurobarometer 429). SETTING: All 28 Member States of the EU. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 27 460 EU citizens aged >/= 15 years (after excluding those who responded 'Do not know' to the questions about smoking status and e-cigarette use). MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive analysis [%, 95% confidence interval (CI)] of e-cigarette use prevalence (current use, past use and past experimentation) according to smoking status, self-reported changes in smoking status according to patterns of e-cigarette use and logistic regression analysis to examine correlates of e-cigarette use, especially socio-demographic factors and smoking status. FINDINGS: Ever e-cigarette use was reported by 31.1% (95% CI = 30.0-32.2%) of current smokers, 10.8% (95% CI = 10.0-11.7%) of former smokers and 2.3% (95% CI = 2.1-2.6%) of never smokers. Past experimentation [7.2% (95% CI = 6.9-7.5%)] was more common than current [1.8% (95% CI = 1.6-1.9%)] and past use [2.6% (95% CI = 2.4-2.8%)]. Extrapolated to the whole population, approximately 48.5 million EU citizens were ever e-cigarette users, with 76.8% using nicotine-containing e-cigarettes. An estimated 6.1 and 9.2 million EU citizens had quit and reduced smoking with the help of e-cigarettes, respectively. Initiation with e-cigarettes was reported by 0.8% (95% CI = 0.6-0.9%) of participants who reported ever use of any tobacco-related product. Only 1.3% (95% CI = 1.1-1.5%) of never smokers used nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, with 0.09% (95% CI = 0.04-0.14%) reporting daily nicotine use. Smoking cessation with the help of e-cigarettes was reported by 35.1% (95% CI = 30.7-39.5%) of current e-cigarette users, while a further 32.2% (95% CI = 29.9-36.5%) reported smoking reduction. Being current [odds ratio (OR) = 21.23, 95% CI = 18.32-24.59) or former smokers (OR = 6.49, 95% CI = 5.49-7.67) were the strongest correlates of ever e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use in the European Union appears to be largely confined to current or former smokers, while current use and nicotine use by people who have never smoked is rare. More than one-third of current e-cigarette users polled reported smoking cessation and reduction. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Farsalinos,K.E., Poulas,K., Voudris,V., Le Houezec,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160624 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette use in young people in Great Britain 2013-2014	2015	Public Health England, London, United Kingdom; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Brian.Eastwood@phe.gov.uk.; Public Health England, London, United Kingd	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 129 Issue 9 Start Page 1150 Other Pages 1156 Notes CI: Crown Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0376507; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/09 [received]; 2015/07/06 [revised]; 2015/07/13 [accepted]; 2015/08/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1476-5616; 0033-3506 Accession Number PMID: 26293814 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26293814 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The recent growth in the market for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has led to concerns over their use by young people. It is therefore important to examine trends in the perception and use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes in this group. STUDY DESIGN: Two-wave cross-sectional survey design. METHODS: Young people aged 11-18 in Great Britain were surveyed online by YouGov in 2013 and 2014. Use of e-cigarettes, together with perceived health harms and intention to use were assessed and compared in relation to cigarette smoking history, age and gender. RESULTS: Ever-use of e-cigarettes increased significantly from 4.6% (95% CI 3.8-5.7) in 2013 to 8.2% (95% CI 7.0-9.6) in 2014. Monthly or more use of e-cigarettes increased from 0.9% (95% CI 0.5-1.5) to 1.7 (1.2-2.4), but remained rare in never-smokers at under 0.2%. The proportion of young people who perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful to users than cigarettes fell from 73.4% (95% CI 71.0-75.8) to 66.9% (95% CI 64.5-69.2), while the proportion who considered e-cigarettes to cause similar levels of harm increased from 11.8% (95% CI 10.0-13.5) to 18.2% (95% CI 16.3-20.1). Of the 8.2% of e-cigarette ever-users in 2014, 69.8% (95% CI 62.2%-77.3%) had smoked a cigarette prior to using an e-cigarette, while 8.2% (95% CI 4.1%-12.2%) first smoked a cigarette after e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: A growing proportion of young people in Great Britain believe e-cigarettes are as harmful as smoking tobacco. Use of e-cigarettes by young people is increasing, but is largely confined to those who smoke. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Eastwood,B., Dockrell,M.J., Arnott,D., Britton,J., Cheeseman,H., Jarvis,M.J., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150817 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette: use and perceptions among French military nurses in 2013	2015	Ecole du personnel paramedical des armees, Toulon, France.; Centre d'epidemiologie et de sante publique des armees, Marseille, France.; Centre d'epidemiologie et de sante publique des armees, Marseille, France, and UMR 912: INSERM-IRD-Universite Aix-Marse	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Swiss medical weekly Periodical, Abbrev. Swiss Med.Wkly. Pub Date Free Form 22-Jun Volume 145 Issue Start Page w14137 Other Pages Notes JID: 100970884; 2015/06/22 [epublish]; 2015 [ecollection]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1424-3997; 0036-7672 Accession Number PMID: 26098765 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4414/smw.2015.14137 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26098765 Abstract AIMS: Paramedical personnel are exposed to tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be considered as a lower-risk substitute for cigarettes. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use, the motives for use and the perceptions among French military nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, using self-administered questionnaires, was conducted in 2013 among 300 students and instructors of the French school of military paramedical personnel. Prevalences of e-cigarette use among smokers and nonsmokers were compared using logistic regressions adjusted on age and gender. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 40% among the 200 responders. E-cigarette current use prevalence was 25% (6% daily users), without significant difference according to gender and age. Tobacco smokers reported significantly more e-cigarette current use (51% vs7%). Motives for e-cigarette use reported by smokers were curiosity (48%), intention to reduce tobacco consumption (43%) or to quit smoking (8%). Among users of both tobacco and e-cigarettes, 48% reported a significant decrease in tobacco consumption following e-cigarette initiation (average decrease of 5-10 cigarettes smoked per day; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Guillet,S., Sicard,S., Meynard,J.B., Mayet,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150622 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy	2011	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jean-francois.etter@unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 106 Issue 11 Start Page 2017 Other Pages 2028 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2011; JID: 9304118; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Addiction. 2011 Nov;106(11):2029-30. PMID: 21978314; 2011/07/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 21592253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21592253 Abstract AIMS: To assess the profile, utilization patterns, satisfaction and perceived effects among users of electronic cigarettes ('e-cigarettes'). DESIGN AND SETTING: Internet survey in English and French in 2010. MEASUREMENTS: Online questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Visitors of websites and online discussion forums dedicated to e-cigarettes and to smoking cessation. FINDINGS: There were 3587 participants (70% former tobacco smokers, 61% men, mean age 41 years). The median duration of electronic cigarette use was 3 months, users drew 120 puffs/day and used five refills/day. Almost all (97%) used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. Daily users spent $33 per month on these products. Most (96%) said the e-cigarette helped them to quit smoking or reduce their smoking (92%). Reasons for using the e-cigarette included the perception that it was less toxic than tobacco (84%), to deal with craving for tobacco (79%) and withdrawal symptoms (67%), to quit smoking or avoid relapsing (77%), because it was cheaper than smoking (57%) and to deal with situations where smoking was prohibited (39%). Most ex-smokers (79%) feared they might relapse to smoking if they stopped using the e-cigarette. Users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes reported better relief of withdrawal and a greater effect on smoking cessation than those using non-nicotine e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes were used much as people would use nicotine replacement medications: by former smokers to avoid relapse or as an aid to cut down or quit smoking. Further research should evaluate the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes for administration of nicotine and other substances, and for quitting and relapse prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Bullen,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110727 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JAMA pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pediatr. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 168 Issue 7 Start Page 610 Other Pages 617 Notes LR: 20150515; GR: CA-060121/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA-113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA061021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101589544; CIN: JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Aug;168(8):776-7. P Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2168-6211; 2168-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24604023 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 1840772 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24604023 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine e-cigarette use and conventional cigarette smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analyses of survey data from a representative sample of US middle and high school students in 2011 (n = 17 353) and 2012 (n = 22 529) who completed the 2011 and 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey. EXPOSURES: Ever and current e-cigarette use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Experimentation with, ever, and current smoking, and smoking abstinence. RESULTS: Among cigarette experimenters (1 puff), ever e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of ever smoking cigarettes (100 cigarettes; odds ratio [OR] = 6.31; 95% CI, 5.39-7.39) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 5.96; 95% CI, 5.67-6.27). Current e-cigarette use was positively associated with ever smoking cigarettes (OR = 7.42; 95% CI, 5.63-9.79) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 7.88; 95% CI, 6.01-10.32). In 2011, current cigarette smokers who had ever used e-cigarettes were more likely to intend to quit smoking within the next year (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.03-2.28). Among experimenters with conventional cigarettes, ever use of e-cigarettes was associated with lower 30-day (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.21-0.28), 6-month (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.21-0.28), and 1-year (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.21-0.30) abstinence from cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use was also associated with lower 30-day (OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), 6-month (OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), and 1-year (OR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07-0.18) abstinence. Among ever smokers of cigarettes (100 cigarettes), ever e-cigarette use was negatively associated with 30-day (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.89), 6-month (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83), and 1-year (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56) abstinence from conventional cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use was also negatively associated with 30-day (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.69), 6-month (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.68), and 1-year (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13-0.87) abstinence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of e-cigarettes was associated with higher odds of ever or current cigarette smoking, higher odds of established smoking, higher odds of planning to quit smoking among current smokers, and, among experimenters, lower odds of abstinence from conventional cigarettes. Use of e-cigarettes does not discourage, and may encourage, conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dutra,L.M., Glantz,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4142115 Editors
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction	2014	Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 55 Philpot Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2HJ UK. h.j.mcrobbie@qmul.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form Volume (12):CD010216. doi Issue 12 Start Page CD010216 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 25515689 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25515689 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are electronic devices that heat a liquid - usually comprising propylene glycol and glycerol, with or without nicotine and flavours, stored in disposable or refillable cartridges or a reservoir - into an aerosol for inhalation. Since ECs appeared on the market in 2006 there has been a steady growth in sales. Smokers report using ECs to reduce risks of smoking, but some healthcare organisations have been reluctant to encourage smokers to switch to ECs, citing lack of evidence of efficacy and safety. Smokers, healthcare providers and regulators are interested to know if these devices can reduce the harms associated with smoking. In particular, healthcare providers have an urgent need to know what advice they should give to smokers enquiring about ECs. OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of ECs in helping people who smoke to achieve long-term abstinence; to examine the efficacy of ECs in helping people reduce cigarette consumption by at least 50% of baseline levels; and to assess the occurrence of adverse events associated with EC use. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Groups Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and two other databases for relevant records from 2004 to July 2014, together with reference checking and contact with study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which current smokers (motivated or unmotivated to quit) were randomized to EC or a control condition, and which measured abstinence rates or changes in cigarette consumption at six months or longer. As the field of EC research is new, we also included cohort follow-up studies with at least six months follow-up. We included randomized cross-over trials and cohort follow-up studies that included at least one week of EC use for assessment of adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One review author extracted data from the included studies and another checked them. Our main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up, and we used the most rigorous definition available (continuous, biochemically validated, longest follow-up). For reduction we used a dichotomous approach (no change/reduction Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McRobbie,H., Bullen,C., Hartmann-Boyce,J., Hajek,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141217 PMCID Editors

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