WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Electricity and water desalination: Separate sites offer value	1996	Moch Jr., I., DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1996/07 Volume 90 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 231 Other Pages 241 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For the fuel type and water situation in the Middle East, the case is strong for the use of combined cycle technology for power generation and reverse osmosis for potable water production, where each are sited for their maximum economic benefit and interconnected by electric power transmission. Because of the fuel efficiency of Combined Cycle generation technology, its use of liquid/gas fuels and its low need for cooling water, it can be optimized for cost away from cities. Conversely, water desalination by reverse osmosis can be sited in optimal locations to take advantage of its modularity and to minimize water pipeline needs. Electric power transmission provides an inexpensive and flexible means to connect these two technologies. Together these technologies may offer an overall minimum cost approach, better than the combining of electric power and water desalination at one location, where power to water ratios must be fixed, independent of need, for optimum efficiency. The use of reverse osmosis with power generation has other, important ancillary benefits over using distillation and power combinations. These advantages include abatement of environmental pollution, delivery of potable water at reasonable drinking temperatures, lower total energy consumption, more efficient land use and less demanding operator skills. Descriptors cooling water, cost benefit analysis, desalination, distillation, economic aspect, electric power plant, electricity, Middle East, reverse osmosis, review, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moch Jr.,Dr I., Depenbrock,F., Mussalli,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electro membrane extraction followed by low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with derivatization for determining chlorophenols and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2012	Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Jun Volume 1243 Issue Start Page 14 Other Pages 22 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Chlorophenols); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); NV1779205D (1-Octanol); 2012/03/01 [received]; 2012/04/23 [revised]; 2012/04/23 [accepted] Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22579488 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.054 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22579488 Abstract A highly efficient and simple two-step method, electro membrane extraction (EME) followed by low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (EME-LDS-USAEME) combined with derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the determination of trace level chlorophenols in environmental water samples. In the first step, the analytes were extracted, under electrical potential, from the sample solution into the acceptor solution, which was held in a polypropylene membrane sheet with 1-octanol as the supported liquid membrane. The acceptor solution from the first step was then employed as the sample solution for the second step of LDS-USAEME. In this step, the target analytes were extracted into a solvent with lower density than water that was dispersed in the sample solution with the assistance of ultrasound. The extract was separated from the sample solution by centrifugation and collected as the upper layer. Finally, the extract with a derivatization reagent were injected into a GC-MS system for analysis. Six chlorophenols, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were selected here as model compounds for developing and evaluating the method. Several factors influencing the extraction and derivatization were investigated. With the EME-LDS-USAEME procedure, high enrichment factors of up to 2198 were achieved. Under the most favorable conditions, good limits of detection (down to 0.005 mug/L), linearity (from 0.05-10 to 0.2-10 mug/L, depending on the analytes), and repeatability of extraction (RSDs below 9.7%, n=5) were obtained. The proposed method was applied to determine chlorophenols in drainwater samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Guo,L., Lee,H.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120501 PMCID Editors
Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study	1999	Research Institute of Military Medicine, Naval Department, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 61 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 10372424 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10372424 Abstract Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study. Undersea Hyper Med 1999.; 26(2):61-65.--Diving incidents with symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas emboli (AGE) might increase the degree of pathologic change in the electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the supraspinal central nervous system (CNS). Diving itself, even without known symptoms of DCS and/or AGE, has been proposed to increase the number of CNS lesions using either EEG or MRI. In the first part of a two-part study we examined the effects of recompression treatment on EEG in decompression incidents in a group of sport and professional divers compared with a control group of healthy naval divers. In the second part we recorded brain MRI from three groups of volunteers: 1) divers who were treated for DCS in pressure chamber, 2) divers who had never had symptoms of DCS (and/or AGE), and 3) healthy normal controls who were not divers. Our results indicate that DCS increases the incidence of pathologic EEG recordings, whereas recompression treatment decreases them. The results of MRI do not verify evidence of increased numbers of CNS lesions in normal divers as compared to non-diving, healthy control subjects, whereas some of the divers treated for DCS in a pressure chamber had hyperintense lesions in brain white matter. None of them had any abnormalities in EEG, neurologic performance, or psychologic behavior. Both EEG and MRI are sensitive and non-specific methods for judging suspected evidence of brain lesions from diving or diving accidents. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology/therapy, Diving/physiology, Electroencephalography, Embolism, Air/physiopathology, High Pressure Neurological Syndrome/physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sipinen,S. A., Ahovuo,J., Halonen,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electronic Cigarette and Electronic Hookah: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Vaping Products	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine reports Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2 Issue Start Page 953 Other Pages 958 Notes LR: 20160110; GR: P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101643766; NIHMS740327; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2211-3355; 2211-3355 Accession Number PMID: 26740911 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.10.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26740911 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of e-cigarettes into the U.S. market, the number and variety of vaping products has proliferated. E-hookahs are long, pen-like vaping devices that debuted in U.S. markets in 2014. By applying the Host, Agent, Vector, Environment (HAVE) Model, the objective of this exploratory study was to assess differences between e-cigarettes and e-hookahs to help inform tobacco regulatory science and practice. METHODS: In June-August 2014, a total of 54 unique manufactured e-cigarette and e-hookah products were identified at point of sales (POS) around three college campuses in Southeast U.S. Documented characteristics included brand name, disposable, rechargeable, nicotine containing, packaging, and flavor type. Statistical analyses were conducted October to November 2014 to assess frequency and percent of product type across POS and specific characteristics. RESULTS: Among 54 products, 70.4% were e-cigarettes and 29.6% were e-hookahs. Across POS, drug stores and grocery stores carried e-cigarettes exclusively, while gas stations carried the greatest proportion of e-hookahs. Compared to e-hookahs, a greater proportion of e-cigarettes were non-disposable and contained nicotine; a greater proportion of e-hookahs came in fruit and other types of flavors compared to e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that e-cigarettes and e-hookahs differ by specific product characteristics and by places where they are sold. Despite these differences, the products are used for similar purposes warranting careful monitoring of industry manufacturing and marketing, because the safety of both products is still undetermined. Additional research is needed to understand the uptake and continued use of these products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dube,S.R., Pathak,S., Nyman,A.L., Eriksen,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4698898 Editors
Electronic Cigarette Trial and Use among Young Adults: Reasons for Trial and Cessation of Vaping	2015	Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA. lois.biener@umb.edu.; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. esong@wak	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 17-Dec Volume 12 Issue 12 Start Page 16019 Other Pages 16026 Notes LR: 20160107; GR: R01CA141643-04S2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101238455; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690975; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/02 [received]; 2015/11/30 [revised]; 2015/12/10 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26694438 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121215039 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26694438 Abstract This paper identifies predictors of trial and current use, and reasons for trying and ceasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults, with particular attention to former and never smokers. Data are from a mail survey of a population-based sample of adults aged 18 to 35 (N = 4740) in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Survey items assessed trial and use of e-cigarettes, cigarette smoking status, and reasons for trial and for ceasing use of e-cigarettes. Almost 23% reported trial of e-cigarettes, and 8.4% reported using them in the past month. Current smokers were much more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (70.2%) than both former (32.3%) and never smokers (7.6%; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Biener,L., Song,E., Sutfin,E.L., Spangler,J., Wolfson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151217 PMCID PMC4690975 Editors
Electronic cigarette use among adult population: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona, Spain (2013-2014)	2014	Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, B	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ open Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Open Pub Date Free Form 25-Aug Volume 4 Issue 8 Start Page e005894 Other Pages 2014-005894 Notes LR: 20160603; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 101552874; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2044-6055; 2044-6055 Accession Number PMID: 25157186 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005894 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25157186 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to analyse the prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, purchase location and satisfaction with its use in a sample of the general population of the city of Barcelona, Spain. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We used participants from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the adult (>/=16 years old) population of Barcelona (336 men and 400 women). The field work was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014. We computed the prevalence, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of ever e-cigarette use was 6.5% (95% CI 4.7% to 8.3%): 1.6% current use, 2.2% past use and 2.7% only e-cigarette experimentation. 75% (95% CI 62.8% to 87.3%) of ever e-cigarette users were current cigarette smokers at the moment of the interview. E-cigarette use was more likely among current smokers (OR=54.57; 95% CI 7.33 to 406.38) and highly dependent cigarette smokers (OR=3.96; 95% CI 1.60 to 9.82). 62.5% of the ever users charged their e-cigarettes with nicotine with 70% of them obtaining the liquids with nicotine in a specialised shop. 39.6% of ever e-cigarette users were not satisfied with their use, a similar percentage of not satisfied expressing the smokers (38.9%) and there were no statistically significant differences in the satisfaction between the users of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use is strongly associated with current smoking (dual use) and most users continue to be addicted to nicotine. Six out of 10 e-cigarette users preferred devices that deliver nicotine. The satisfaction with e-cigarette use is very low. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Ballbe,M., Fu,M., Martin-Sanchez,J.C., Salto,E., Gottlieb,M., Daynard,R., Connolly,G.N., Fernandez,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140825 PMCID PMC4156815 Editors
Electronic Cigarette Use Among High School Students and Its Association With Cigarette Use And Smoking Cessation, North Carolina Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2011 and 2013	2016	Center for Regulatory Research on Tobacco Communication, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Email: huangl@email.unc.edu.; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventing chronic disease Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Chronic Dis. Pub Date Free Form 4-Aug Volume 13 Issue Start Page E103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160818; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC4975179; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-1151; 1545-1151 Accession Number PMID: 27490368 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5888/pcd13.150564 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27490368 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Although adolescent cigarette use continues to decline in the United States, electronic cigarette (ecigarette) use among adolescents has escalated rapidly. This study assessed trends and patterns of ecigarette use and concurrent cigarette smoking and the relationships between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation intentions and behaviors among high school students in North Carolina. METHODS: Data came from high school students who completed the school-based, cross-sectional North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey in 2011 (n = 4,791) and 2013 (n = 4,092). This study assessed changes in prevalence of e-cigarette and cigarette use from 2011 through 2013, and cessation-related factors associated with those students' current and past use of ecigarettes in 2013. RESULTS: The prevalence of current e-cigarette use (use in the past 30 days) significantly increased from 1.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.2%) in 2011 to 7.7% (95% CI, 5.9%-10.0%) in 2013. Among dual users, current e-cigarette use was negatively associated with intention to quit cigarette smoking for good (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.87) and with attempts to quit cigarette smoking in the past 12 months (RRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97). Current e-cigarette smokers were less likely than those who only smoked cigarettes to have ever abstained from cigarette smoking for 6 months (RRR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82) or 1 year (RRR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.51) and to have used any kind of aids for smoking cessation (RRR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74). CONCLUSION: Public health practitioners and cessation clinic service providers should educate adolescents about the risks of using any nicotine-containing products, including e-cigarettes, and provide adequate tobacco cessation resources and counseling to adolescent tobacco users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huang,L.L., Kowitt,S.D., Sutfin,E.L., Patel,T., Ranney,L.M., Goldstein,A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160804 PMCID PMC4975179 Editors
Electronic Cigarette Use among Irish Youth: A Cross Sectional Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors	2015	TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, DIT Focas, Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland.; TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, DIT Focas, Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland.; TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, DIT Focas, Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 27-May Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page e0126419 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150610; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4446031; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/01/05 [received]; 2015/03/31 [accepted]; 2015/05/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26018542 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0126419 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26018542 Abstract PURPOSE: To examine prevalence of, and factors associated with, e-cigarette use among young people aged 16-17 in Ireland. METHODS: In 2014, a representative sample of 821 young people aged 16-17 recruited from secondary schools completed a pen and paper survey on e-cigarette use, tobacco use, and socio-demographic items. FINDINGS: A total of 23.8% of respondents had used e-cigarettes at least once. Dual trial of tobacco and e-cigarettes was common with 69.5% of regular smokers and 30.4% of 'ever' smokers having tried e-cigarettes and 10.6% of current smokers using e-cigarettes regularly. 4.2% of never smokers have tried e-cigarettes. Overall, current e-cigarette use (once a month or more) was low (3.2%). Binary logistic regression conducted through generalized estimating equations (GEE) determined that controlling for other variables, current tobacco use and 'ever' tobacco use predicted ever e-cigarette use. Gender and school-level socioeconomic status were also independent predictors of ever e-cigarette use. Gender stood as the only predictor of on-going e-cigarette use, with males being more likely to regularly use e-cigarettes at least once a month. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use among 16-17 year olds in Ireland is of note, with nearly a quarter of students having tried them. Concurrent or experimental use of e-cigarettes and tobacco is more common than sole use, while a small number have tried e-cigarettes without having tried tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Babineau,K., Taylor,K., Clancy,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150527 PMCID PMC4446031 Editors
Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking	2014	Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Center for Tobacc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 54 Issue 6 Start Page 684 Other Pages 690 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: CA-113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9102136; NIHMS540345; OID: NLM: NIHMS540345; OID: NLM: PMC4031306; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/24 [received]; 2013/10/23 [revise Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 24274973 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24274973 Abstract PURPOSE: As elsewhere, in South Korea electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are marketed, in part, as a smoking cessation aid. We assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents and the relationship between e-cigarette use and current (past 30-day) smoking, cigarettes/day, attempts to quit conventional cigarettes, and ceasing to use cigarettes. METHODS: Data from the 2011 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 75,643 students aged 13-18 years were analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 9.4% (8.0% ever-dual users who were concurrently using e-cigarettes and smoking conventional cigarettes and 1.4% ever-e-cigarette only users) of Korean adolescents have ever used e-cigarettes and 4.7% were current (past 30-day) e-cigarette users (3.6% dual users and 1.1% e-cigarettes only). After adjusting for demographics, current cigarette smokers were much more likely to use e-cigarettes than were nonsmokers. Among current cigarette smokers, those who smoked more frequently were more likely to be current e-cigarette users. The odds of being an e-cigarette user were 1.58 times (95% confidence interval, 1.39-1.79) higher among students who had made an attempt to quit than for those who had not. It was rare for students no longer using cigarettes to be among current e-cigarette users (odds ratio, .10; confidence interval, .09-.12). CONCLUSIONS: Some Korean adolescents may be responding to advertising claims that e-cigarettes are a cessation aid: those who had made an attempt to quit were more likely to use e-cigarettes but less likely to no longer use cigarettes. E-cigarette use was strongly associated with current and heavier cigarette smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Lee,S., Grana,R.A., Glantz,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131122 PMCID PMC4031306 Editors
Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland	2012	Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 55 Philpot Street, London, E1 2JH, UK. m.goniewicz@qmul.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 130 Issue 4 Start Page e879 Other Pages 85 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376422; 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2012/09/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 22987874 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-3448 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22987874 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices developed with the goal of mimicking the action of smoking, including nicotine delivery, without the toxic effects of tobacco smoke. Little is known about the uptake of e-cigarettes among young people. METHODS: A survey was conducted with a cluster sample of 20240 students enrolled at 176 nationally representative Polish high schools and universities between September 2010 and June 2011. We estimated national e-cigarette prevalence among various demographic groups by using population weights. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate which demographic factors were independent predictors of 2 outcomes: ever use of e-cigarettes and use in the previous 30 days. RESULTS: Among high school students, aged 15 to 19 years, 23.5% had ever used e-cigarettes and 8.2% had done so within the previous 30 days. Among those in universities, aged 20 to 24 years, 19.0% had ever used an e-cigarette and 5.9% had done so in the previous 30 days. In multivariate analyses that controlled for covariates, smoking cigarettes, male gender, living in an urban area, and having parents who smoke were associated with ever use of e-cigarettes. Overall, 3.2% of never smoking students reported ever use of e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: About one-fifth of Polish youth have tried e-cigarettes; most of them had previously smoked cigarettes. It is unclear whether e-cigarettes are just a novelty that young people try only once or whether they have potential to compete in the marketplace with conventional cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goniewicz,M.L., Zielinska-Danch,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120917 PMCID Editors

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