WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Dual use of cigarettes and Swedish snuff (snus) among young adults in Northern Finland	2013	1 Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 23 Issue 5 Start Page 768 Other Pages 771 Notes JID: 9204966; 2012/09/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 23002233 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/cks131 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23002233 Abstract BACKGROUND: The sale of smokeless tobacco has been totally banned in Finland since the country joined the European Union in 1995. Adolescents have continued to use smokeless tobacco even after the sales ban. The objective was to describe dual use of Swedish snuff (snus) and cigarettes in young adults living in Northern Finland. METHODS: This study on male military recruits (n = 1151, mean age 19.4 years; response rate 80%) investigated association of snus use with self-reported tobacco use, nicotine dependence and attempts to quit smoking. RESULTS: Overall, 15.6% (n = 179) reported daily snus use, and almost half of them were dual users who used both products, i.e. cigarettes and snus, daily. Daily smokers were often occasional snus users (66.3%), and those with dual use smoked equal number of cigarettes per day as daily smokers who were not snus users. In addition, dual snus use seemed to increase the dependence to cigarettes, although this trend did not reach statistical significance. Dual users tried to quit less likely than exclusive smokers. Very few snus users were 'switchers' (ex-smokers) [3.2% (n = 22) of all snus users]. CONCLUSIONS: Dual use of snus and cigarettes is common among young in Finland, despite the sales ban on snus. The role of snus in reducing cigarette smoking is unclear, but it is likely that snus use complicates the attempts to quit smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamari,A.K., Toljamo,T.I., Kinnula,V.L., Nieminen,P.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120922 PMCID Editors
Dual use of smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes with cigarettes and cessation	2015	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 39 Issue 2 Start Page 277 Other Pages 284 Notes LR: 20160301; GR: R01 CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32HP19025/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: PMC4472731; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 25564840 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.39.2.14 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25564840 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To evaluate predictors of dual use of cigarettes with smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes. METHODS: Adult smokers (N = 1324) completed online cross-sectional surveys. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of dual use and cigarette quit attempts. RESULTS: Smokeless tobacco dual use was associated with past attempts to quit smoking by switching to smokeless products. E-cigarette dual use was associated with using stop-smoking medication and strong anti-tobacco industry attitudes. Ever use of stop-smoking medication was associated with quit attempts among dual e-cigarette users and cigarette-only users. CONCLUSIONS: Dual users are more likely than cigarette-only users to endorse certain cessation-related attitudes and behaviors. This may provide an opportunity for clinicians or others to discuss evidence-based strategies for smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kalkhoran,S., Grana,R.A., Neilands,T.B., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4472731 Editors
Dutch patients, retail chicken meat and poultry share the same ESBL genes, plasmids and strains	2011	Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands. m.leversteinvhall@umcutrecht.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Microbiol.Infect. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 873 Other Pages 880 Notes CI: 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection; 2011; JID: 9516420; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2011/04/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1469-0691; 1198-743X Accession Number PMID: 21463397 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03497.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21463397 Abstract Intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing bacteria in food-producing animals and contamination of retail meat may contribute to increased incidences of infections with ESBL-producing bacteria in humans. Therefore, distribution of ESBL genes, plasmids and strain genotypes in Escherichia coli obtained from poultry and retail chicken meat in the Netherlands was determined and defined as 'poultry-associated' (PA). Subsequently, the proportion of E. coli isolates with PA ESBL genes, plasmids and strains was quantified in a representative sample of clinical isolates. The E. coli were derived from 98 retail chicken meat samples, a prevalence survey among poultry, and 516 human clinical samples from 31 laboratories collected during a 3-month period in 2009. Isolates were analysed using an ESBL-specific microarray, sequencing of ESBL genes, PCR-based replicon typing of plasmids, plasmid multi-locus sequence typing (pMLST) and strain genotyping (MLST). Six ESBL genes were defined as PA (bla(CTX-M-1) , bla(CTX-M-2) , bla(SHV-2) , bla(SHV-12) , bla(TEM-20) , bla(TEM-52) ): 35% of the human isolates contained PA ESBL genes and 19% contained PA ESBL genes located on IncI1 plasmids that were genetically indistinguishable from those obtained from poultry (meat). Of these ESBL genes, 86% were bla(CTX-M-1) and bla(TEM-52) genes, which were also the predominant genes in poultry (78%) and retail chicken meat (75%). Of the retail meat samples, 94% contained ESBL-producing isolates of which 39% belonged to E. coli genotypes also present in human samples. These findings are suggestive for transmission of ESBL genes, plasmids and E. coli isolates from poultry to humans, most likely through the food chain. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Data Source Authors Leverstein-van Hall,M.A., Dierikx,C.M., Cohen Stuart,J., Voets,G.M., van den Munckhof,M.P., van Essen-Zandbergen,A., Platteel,T., Fluit,A.C., van de Sande-Bruinsma,N., Scharinga,J., Bonten,M.J., Mevius,D.J., National ESBL surveillance group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110404 PMCID Editors
Dynamical Structure of a Traditional Amazonian Social Network	2013	Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA ; Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA ; School of Informatics and Compu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Periodical, Abbrev. Entropy (Basel) Pub Date Free Form 13-Nov Volume 15 Issue 11 Start Page 4932 Other Pages 4955 Notes GR: R01 AG024119/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101243874; NIHMS601734; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1099-4300; 1099-4300 Accession Number PMID: 25053880 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.3390/e15114932 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25053880 Abstract Reciprocity is a vital feature of social networks, but relatively little is known about its temporal structure or the mechanisms underlying its persistence in real world behavior. In pursuit of these two questions, we study the stationary and dynamical signals of reciprocity in a network of manioc beer (Spanish: chicha; Tsimane': shocdye') drinking events in a Tsimane' village in lowland Bolivia. At the stationary level, our analysis reveals that social exchange within the community is heterogeneously patterned according to kinship and spatial proximity. A positive relationship between the frequencies at which two families host each other, controlling for kinship and proximity, provides evidence for stationary reciprocity. Our analysis of the dynamical structure of this network presents a novel method for the study of conditional, or non-stationary, reciprocity effects. We find evidence that short-timescale reciprocity (within three days) is present among non- and distant-kin pairs; conversely, we find that levels of cooperation among close kin can be accounted for on the stationary hypothesis alone. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hooper,P.L., DeDeo,S., Caldwell Hooper,A.E., Gurven,M., Kaplan,H.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4104206 Editors
Dynamics and biodiversity of populations of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria involved in spontaneous heap fermentation of cocoa beans in Ghana	2007	Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 73 Issue 6 Start Page 1809 Other Pages 1824 Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 2968PHW8QP (Citric Acid); 30237-26-4 (Fructose); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 3OWL53L36A (Mannitol); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid); OID: NLM: PMC1828797; 2007/02/02 [aheadof Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 17277227 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI AEM.02189-06 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17277227 Abstract The Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. A culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based PCR analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE] of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, PCR-DGGE) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) during fermentation. Four main clusters were identified among the LAB isolated: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Other taxa encompassed, for instance, Weissella. Only four clusters were found among the AAB identified: Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter syzygii-like bacteria, and two small clusters of Acetobacter tropicalis-like bacteria. Particular strains of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus, originating from the environment, were well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing during Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation and apparently played a significant role in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Yeasts produced ethanol from sugars, and LAB produced lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and mannitol from sugars and/or citrate. Whereas L. plantarum strains were abundant in the beginning of the fermentation, L. fermentum strains converted fructose into mannitol upon prolonged fermentation. A. pasteurianus grew on ethanol, mannitol, and lactate and converted ethanol into acetic acid. A newly proposed Weissella sp., referred to as "Weissella ghanaensis," was detected through PCR-DGGE analysis in some of the fermentations and was only occasionally picked up through culture-based isolation. Two new species of Acetobacter were found as well, namely, the species tentatively named "Acetobacter senegalensis" (A. tropicalis-like) and "Acetobacter ghanaensis" (A. syzygii-like). Descriptors Acetic Acid/metabolism, Acetobacter/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Biodiversity, Bioreactors, Cacao/metabolism/microbiology, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Citric Acid/metabolism, Cluster Analysis, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/genetics, Ethanol/metabolism, Fermentation, Fructose/metabolism, Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Mannitol/metabolism, Streptococcaceae/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Yeasts/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Camu,N., De Winter,T., Verbrugghe,K., Cleenwerck,I., Vandamme,P., Takrama,J. S., Vancanneyt,M., De Vuyst,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070202 PMCID PMC1828797 Editors
E-cigarette and waterpipe use in two adolescent cohorts: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with conventional cigarette smoking	2018		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 33 Issue 3 Start Page 323 Other Pages 334 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Springer Data Source google Authors Treur, Jorien L, Rozema, Andrea D, Mathijssen, Jolanda JP, van Oers, Hans, Vink, Jacqueline M Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness: prevalence and associations with smoking-cessation outcomes	2014	Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: andytan@alumni.upenn.edu.; Department of Communication, College of Liberal Arts & Scienc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 141 Other Pages 149 Notes LR: 20150806; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P20 CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS572081; OID: NLM: NIHMS572081; OID: NLM: PMC4107147; 2013/09/09 [received]; 2014/01/31 [revised]; 2014/02 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 24794422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.02.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24794422 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are increasingly advertised as replacements for regular cigarettes or cessation aids for smokers. PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness among U.S. adults and analyze whether these variables are associated with smokers' past-year quit attempts and intention to quit. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 4 Cycle 2), conducted from October 2012 to January 2013. Data analyses were performed from June to August 2013. RESULTS: Overall, 77% of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes. Of these, 51% believed e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes. Younger, white (compared with Hispanic), more educated respondents and current or former smokers (compared with non-smokers) were more likely to be aware of e-cigarettes. Among those who were aware of e-cigarettes, younger, more educated respondents and current smokers (compared with former and non-smokers) were more likely to believe that e-cigarettes were less harmful. Awareness and perceived harm were not associated with smokers' past year quit attempts or intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Overall e-cigarette awareness increased whereas the proportion of smokers who perceived less harm of e-cigarettes declined compared with earlier surveys. However, awareness and perceived harm of e-cigarettes did not show evidence of promoting smoking cessation at the population level. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Tan,A.S., Bigman,C.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140430 PMCID PMC4107147 Editors
E-Cigarette Awareness, Perceptions and Use among Community-Recruited Smokers in Hong Kong	2015	School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 26-Oct Volume 10 Issue 10 Start Page e0141683 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151030; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4621055; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/07/06 [received]; 2015/10/12 [accepted]; 2015/10/26 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26502284 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141683 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26502284 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are being increasingly used. We examined the correlates associated with e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness in smoking cessation among Chinese daily smokers in Hong Kong. METHODS: Daily smokers (N = 1,307) were recruited to a community-based randomised controlled trial ('Quit to Win') in 2014. Socio-demographic characteristics, conventional cigarette smoking status, nicotine addiction level, quit attempts, quit intention, e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness on quitting were reported at baseline and 1-week follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness in quitting. RESULTS: Most smokers (82.6%, 95% CI 80.2%-84.9%) had heard about e-cigarettes, and 13.3% (11.3%-15.5%) ever used e-cigarettes. Most users (74.1%) and non-users (91.2%) did not perceive e-cigarettes as effective in quitting. Being younger and having a larger family income were associated with e-cigarette awareness. Being younger, a tertiary education and a stronger addiction to nicotine were associated with e-cigarette use, which was itself associated with lower levels of intention to quit and had no association with attempts to quit (P for trend 0.45). E-cigarette use, the last quit attempt being a month earlier, having made a quit attempt lasting 24 hours or longer and perceiving quitting as important were all associated with the perceived effectiveness of e-cigarettes in quitting (all P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,M.P., Li,W.H., Jiang,N., Chu,L.Y., Kwong,A., Lai,V., Lam,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151026 PMCID PMC4621055 Editors
E-cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in Italy: a national representative survey	2014	Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; silvano.gallus@marionegri.it.; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;; Department of Therapeu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 16 Issue 12 Start Page 1541 Other Pages 1548 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 2014/07/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25082832 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu124 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25082832 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Only a few studies have provided information on awareness, use, and harm perceptions of e-cigarettes in Europe. We fill the knowledge gap in Italy. METHODS: We used data from a face-to-face survey conducted in 2013 of a sample of 3,000 individuals, representative of the Italian population aged >/=15 years (51.1 million inhabitants). RESULTS: Awareness of e-cigarettes was 91.1%; it was lowest among women (87.8%), the elderly (78.4%), those with less education (84.1%), and never-smokers (89.0%). Ever e-cigarette use was 6.8% overall and was inversely related to age, whereas no significant difference was observed according to sex. With regard to smoking status, 2.6% of never-smokers, 7.0% of ex-smokers, and 20.4% of current smokers tried the e-cigarette at least once. Regular e-cigarette use was 1.2% overall, 1.5% among men, and 0.9% among women, and it was highest among young (2.4%) and current smokers (3.7%). Among 36 e-cigarette regular users, 22.0% did not change their smoking habit, 67.7% reduced traditional cigarette consumption, and 10.4% quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: After fewer than 3 years from the opening of the first Italian e-cigarette shop, more than 45 million Italians have heard about e-cigarettes, 3.5 million have tried e-cigaretts, and more than 600,000 Italians regularly use e-cigarettes. Three out of 4 e-cigarette users reported to have favorably modified their smoking habit; however, 90% of users did not quit smoking as a consequence of starting vaping e-cigarettes. Almost 900,000 Italian never-smokers, particularly young never-smokers, have tried this new and potentially addictive product at least once. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Gallus,S., Lugo,A., Pacifici,R., Pichini,S., Colombo,P., Garattini,S., La Vecchia,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140731 PMCID Editors
e-Cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults	2012	The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Legacy, Washington, DC 20036, USA. jpearson@legacyforhealth.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 102 Issue 9 Start Page 1758 Other Pages 1766 Notes LR: 20160708; GR: F31 DA030016/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: F31 DA030016-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 1254074; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS410314; OID: NLM: NIHMS410314; OID: NLM: PMC3474361; 2012/07/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 22813087 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300526 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22813087 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We estimated e-cigarette (electronic nicotine delivery system) awareness, use, and harm perceptions among US adults. METHODS: We drew data from 2 surveys conducted in 2010: a national online study (n = 2649) and the Legacy Longitudinal Smoker Cohort (n = 3658). We used multivariable models to examine e-cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions. RESULTS: In the online survey, 40.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 37.3, 43.1) had heard of e-cigarettes, with awareness highest among current smokers. Utilization was higher among current smokers (11.4%; 95% CI = 9.3, 14.0) than in the total population (3.4%; 95% CI = 2.6, 4.2), with 2.0% (95% CI = 1.0, 3.8) of former smokers and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.35, 1.7) of never-smokers ever using e-cigarettes. In both surveys, non-Hispanic Whites, current smokers, young adults, and those with at least a high-school diploma were most likely to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than regular cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of e-cigarettes is high, and use among current and former smokers is evident. We recommend product regulation and careful surveillance to monitor public health impact and emerging utilization patterns, and to ascertain why, how, and under what conditions e-cigarettes are being used. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pearson,J.L., Richardson,A., Niaura,R.S., Vallone,D.M., Abrams,D.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120719 PMCID PMC3474361 Editors

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