WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Decreased respiratory symptoms in cannabis users who vaporize	2007	Earleywine, M., Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Harm Reduction Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Harm Reduct.J. Pub Date Free Form 2007/04 Volume 4 Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1477-7517 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Cannabis smoking can create respiratory problems. Vaporizers heat cannabis to release active cannabinoids, but remain cool enough to avoid the smoke and toxins associated with combustion. Vaporized cannabis should create fewer respiratory symptoms than smoked cannabis. We examined self-reported respiratory symptoms in participants who ranged in cigarette and cannabis use. Data from a large Internet sample revealed that the use of a vaporizer predicted fewer respiratory symptoms even when age, sex, cigarette smoking, and amount of cannabis used were taken into account. Age, sex, cigarettes, and amount of cannabis also had significant effects. The number of cigarettes smoked and amount of cannabis used interacted to create worse respiratory problems. A significant interaction revealed that the impact of a vaporizer was larger as the amount of cannabis used increased. These data suggest that the safety of cannabis can increase with the use of a vaporizer. Regular users of joints, blunts, pipes, and water pipes might decrease respiratory symptoms by switching to a vaporizer. Â© 2007 Earleywine and Barnwell; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Descriptors cannabis, adult, age distribution, aged, article, cannabis smoking, chi square test, smoking, controlled study, drug delivery system, drug safety, female, human, Internet, logistic regression analysis, major clinical study, male, prediction, respiratory tract disease, self report, sex ratio, vaporizer Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Earleywine,M., Barnwell,S. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Otoscopic appearances and tympanometric changes in narghile smokers	2004	Effat, K.G., Medinet El-Mohandeseen, Giza, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Laryngology and Otology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Laryngol.Otol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 118 Issue 10 Start Page 818 Other Pages 821 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-2151 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Narghile (water-pipe) smoking requires the generation of significant negative intrapharyngeal pressure, which may be transmitted to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube. A total of 80 ears from regular narghile smokers were examined otoscopically and by tympanometry. Seventy ears from heavy cigarette smokers were similarly examined and served as a control group. There was a highly significant increase in the prevalence of attic retractions (P 0.05). Descriptors adult, aged, article, atmospheric pressure, auditory tube, cholesteatoma, smoking, clinical article, controlled study, cultural factor, human, male, middle ear pressure, Middle East, narghile smoker, otoscopy, prevalence, smoking habit, swallowing, tympanometry Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Effat,K. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Contamination of medical gas and water pipelines in a new hospital building	1977	Dept. Anesth., Beth Israel Hosp., Boston Mass. 02215	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Anesthesiology Periodical, Abbrev. Anesthesiology Pub Date Free Form 1977/ Volume 46 Issue 4 Start Page 286 Other Pages 289 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-3022 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Medical gases and water were sampled and tested for purity prior to the opening of a 176 bed addition to a 450 bed general hospital. Contamination was found. In delivered oxygen, compressed air, and nitrous oxide, this consisted for a volatile hydrocarbon at an initial concentration of 10 parts per million and a dust of fine gray particulate matter. In water from new taps bacterial contamination with as many as 400,000 organisms per 100 ml was present. All these contaminants were considered potential hazards to patient safety. Studies were done to help delineate the nature and origin of these contaminants. Each contaminant was eventually largely eliminated by purging the respective pipeline systems with continuous flows. Planners, builders, and responsible medical personnel must be aware of the potential for such hazards in a new hospital building. Descriptors anesthetic equipment, operating room Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Eichhorn,J. H., Bancroft,M. L., Laasberg,L. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking: direct comparison of toxicant exposure	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 37 Issue 6 Start Page 518 Other Pages 23 Notes ID: 19944918 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe (hookah, shisha) tobacco smoking has spread worldwide. Many waterpipe smokers believe that, relative to cigarettes, waterpipes are associated with lower smoke toxicant levels and fewer health risks. For physicians to address these beliefs credibly, waterpipe use and cigarette smoking must be compared directly. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide the first controlled, direct laboratory comparison of the toxicant exposure associated with waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking. METHODS: Participants (N=31; M=21.4 years, SD=2.3) reporting monthly waterpipe use (M=5.2 uses/month, SD=4.0) and weekly cigarette smoking (M=9.9 cigarettes/day, SD=6.4) completed a crossover study in which they each smoked a waterpipe for a maximum of 45 minutes, or a single cigarette. Outcome measures included expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) 5 minutes after session's end, and blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), plasma nicotine, heart rate, and puff topography. Data were collected in 2008-2009 and analyzed in 2009. RESULTS: On average, CO increased by 23.9 ppm for waterpipe use (SD=19.8) and 2.7 ppm for cigarette smoking (SD=1.8), while peak waterpipe COHb levels (M=3.9%, SD=2.5) were three times those observed for cigarette smoking (M=1.3%, SD=0.5; p's<0.001). Peak nicotine levels did not differ (waterpipe M=10.2 ng/mL, SD=7.0; cigarette M=10.6 ng/mL, SD=7.7). Significant heart rate increases relative to pre-smoking were observed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 minutes during the cigarette session and at 5-minute intervals during the waterpipe session (p's<0.001). Mean total puff volume was 48.6 L for waterpipe use as compared to 1.0 L for cigarette smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Relative to cigarette smoking, waterpipe use is associated with greater CO, similar nicotine, and dramatically more smoke exposure. Physicians should consider advising their patients that waterpipe tobacco smoking exposes them to some of the same toxicants as cigarette smoking and therefore the two tobacco-smoking methods likely share some of the same health risks. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Equipment Design, Humans, Middle Aged, Virginia, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805076/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.014 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Eissenberg,Thomas, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Role of Helicobacter pylori in the genesis of gastric ulcerations among smokers and nonsmokers	1997		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full East Mediterr Health J Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 3 Issue 2 Start Page 316 Other Pages 321 Notes ID: 50916 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection was investigated by three different methods serologically, microbiologically and biochemically] in 210 male patients aged 20-40 years. Gastric ulcers were diagnosed in 126 patients in which H. pylori infection showed a significant association X2] = 162.8]. Smokers had a higher rate of infection than nonsmokers, both among patients with gastric ulcers 99% compared to 79%] and without. The risk of H. pylori infection was computed for different categories of smoker. Heavy cigarette smokers were found to have the highest risk, followed by moderate to mild cigarette smokers and communal shisha smokers; neither private shisha nor cigar/pipe smokers showed any significant risk Descriptors Humans, Male, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Stomach Ulcer/pathology, Helicobacter Infections, Smoking/adverse effects, Risk Factors, Endoscopy, Digestive System Links http://www.emro.who.int/emhj/0302/emhj_1997_3_2_316_321.pdf; http://www.emro.who.int/publications/emhj/0302/16.htm Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El Barrawy,M. A., Morad,M. I., Gaber,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking pattern in a rural area in the western region of Saudi Arabia	1985		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 4 Start Page 677 Other Pages 83 Notes ID: 104936 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study was carried out to outline the pattern of smoking in a rural district in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 992 household heads were interviewed regarding their smoking habit. The overall prevalence of smokers was 52.3%; cigarette smokers formed 38.3%, shisha smokers 10.5% while subjects who smoked both shisha and cigarettes simultaneously were 3.5%. Ex-smokers were 6.9%. Smoking was started at a mean age of 25.0 +/- 11.37 years for manufactured cigarettes and at a mean age of 27.7 +/- 11.01 years for shisha. The mean ages for current cigarette and shisha smokers were 40.4 +/- 13.90 years and 39.7 +/- 13.03 years respectively. There were more smokers among subjects with a high standard of living as judged by occupation and income Descriptors Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Rural Population, Health Surveys Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-104936 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El Zubeir,Ahmed Gasim, Wasfy,Ahmed S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lower lip associated with 'Goza' and 'Shisha' smoking	1999	El-Hakim, I.E., Dept. of Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadayek Helwan 11433, Cairo, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dermatology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dermatol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 108 Other Pages 110 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-9059 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: A positive correlation between lip and buccal cancers and pipe smoking has been suggested. Various types of crude and manufactured tobacco products are consumed by smoking, chewing, and snuff dipping habits. 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking are widely practiced in the Middle East. The 'hubble-bubble' method and apparatus are used. These smoking habits are hazardous to health, causing obstructive lung disease, and may be important predisposing factors for the development of oral cancers. Case reports: Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and a case of keratoacanthoma localized to the lower lip are presented in well-known 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smokers. Conclusions: 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking have adverse effects on general health and may predispose to oral cancer. An extensive epidemiological study should be performed to determine whether this type of smoking habit is associated with a statistically increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lips. Descriptors adult, article, case report, excision, human, keratoacanthoma, lip carcinoma, lower lip, male, Middle East, mouth cancer, smoking, squamous cell carcinoma, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors El-Hakim,I. E., Uthman,M. A. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of interclonal elemental-profile variation in Sitka spruce seed	1986	Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biochemical genetics Periodical, Abbrev. Biochem.Genet. Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 24 Issue 10-Sep Start Page 729 Other Pages 741 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0006-2928 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Elemental profiles of seeds collected from four ramets in each of 10 clones growing in a 12-year-old Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] seed orchard were determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry. The data collected from the resultant spectra were used to assess differences among clones and among ramets of a single clone and to determine the mechanism governing the observed differences. The spectra were shown to be different from each other and were specific to each clone. Results from analyses of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the clonal differences accounted for the majority of variation (77%), while among ramets within clones differences rated second (17%). Broad-sense heritability estimates were highly significant and ranged from 0.46 to 0.95. The multivariate analyses conducted on the data further emphasized the results obtained from ANOVA and a high degree of success (90%) was achieved in classifying seed samples to their source clone. Results support the hypothesis that the elemental uptake and assimilation of minerals of Sitka spruce is under genetic control. Descriptors mineral, gene control, heredity, vascular plant, methodology, molecular cloning, nonhuman, normal value Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors El-Kassaby,Y. A., McLean,J. A., Fashler,A. M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exhaled carbon monoxide with waterpipe use in US students	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JAMA Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form Volume 299 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 18167404 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Exhalation, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Charcoal, Female, Humans, Inhalation, Male, Smoking/adverse effects, Students, United States Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2007.6 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El-Nachef,Wael, Hammond,S. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hepatitis C virus infection at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt: seroprevalence and associated risk factors.	2004	el-Sadawy, M., Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 34 Issue 1 Suppl Start Page 367 Other Pages 384 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. A sample of 1422 individuals was included in the study by using multistage sampling technique. Their age ranged from 4-78 years with a mean age (34.7 +/- 18.5), 782 were males (55%) and 640 were females (45%). Exposures and demographic characteristics were obtained through a predesigned questionnaire. Antibody to HCV was assessed using micro-particle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) enzyme assay by IMX, and the HCV RNA was tested by Real-time PCR technique using ABI Prism 7700 system. The seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV were 23.4% and 27.4% in urban and rural areas respectively, with an overall prevalence (25.8%). This reflects prior HCV infection but not necessarily a current liver disease. Prevalence was higher among males than females and increased sharply with age, from 4.8% in those or = 40 years). Those who were not educated and farmers had a significantly high prevalence. The significant predictors of HCV infection were previous parenteral therapy for schistosomiasis (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 3.6-7.9), among those over 20 years of age (3.5, 2.18-5.8), blood transfusion (4.1, 2.4-6.9), invasive procedures (surgery and endoscopy), and use of contaminated syringes and needles. Also, shaving at community barbers added significance to the model. Exposures not significantly related to HCV seropositivity were gender, active infection with Schistosoma mansoni, sutures or intravenous and urinary catheterization, water pipe "goza" smoking in group. Descriptors hepatitis C antibody, virus RNA, adolescent, adult, age, aged, article, blood, child, Egypt, epidemiology, female, genetics, hepatitis C, Hepatitis C virus, human, immunology, male, middle aged, preschool child, risk factor, sex difference, socioeconomics Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors el-Sadawy,M., Ragab,H., el-Toukhy,H., el-Mor,A. L., Mangoud,A. M., Eissa,M. H., Afefy,A. F., el-Shorbagy,E., Ibrahem,I. A., Mahrous,S., Abdel-Monem,A., Sabee,E. I., Ismail,A., Morsy,T. A., Etewa,S., Nor Edin,E., Mostafa,Y., Abouel-Magd,Y., Hassan,M. I., Lakouz,K., Abdel-Aziz,K., el-Hady,G., Saber,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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