WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Medical marijuana and its use by the immunocompromised.	1997	McPartland, J.M., Vermont Alternative Medicine in Middlebury, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Altern.Ther.Health Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 3 Issue 3 Start Page 39 Other Pages 45 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1078-6791 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Those immunocompromised by AIDS or cancer chemotherapy use marijuana to allay symptoms of their disease or treatment. Some researchers believe that marijuana may further suppress the immune system. A list of immunological hazards that may be present in marijuana was collated and assessed, and clinical recommendations regarding the use of marijuana by immunocompromised individuals were made. METHODS: Databases and other sources from 1964 to 1996 were searched using keywords (e.g., cannabinoids, cannabis, hemp, marijuana). This was supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies, nonindexed books, and journals, and by consultation with experts. All reports were analyzed for antecedent sources. Data validity was assessed by source, identification methodology, and frequency of independent observations. RESULTS: Substances implicated as potential immunological hazards in marijuana include endogenous constituents (cannabinoids, pyrolyzed gases, and particulates) and a longer list of exogenous contaminants, both natural (fungi and their metabolites) and synthetic (pesticides and adulterants). CONCLUSION: Burning of marijuana creates toxins of combustion. Particulate toxins (tars) are reduced by the use of vaporizer apparati. Gas-phase toxins are filtered by water pipes, but water pipes also filter some tetrahydrocannabinol, making this strategy counterproductive. Viable fungal spores in marijuana pose the greatest hazard to immunocompromised patients, though they can be sterilized by several methods. Pesticide residues and other adulterants may be present in black-market marijuana, but are absent in sources of marijuana that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Descriptors cannabis, immunotoxin, food and drug administration, human, immunosuppressive treatment, medicinal plant, review, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors McPartland,J. M., Pruitt,P. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hepatitis C in a community in Upper Egypt: Risk factors for infection	2002	Fix, A.D., Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 66 Issue 5 Start Page 633 Other Pages 638 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0002-9637 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This investigation's objective was to identify risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a village in Upper Egypt with a moderately high prevalence (8.7%) of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). A representative sample of 6,012 (63%) of the 9,581 village inhabitants was included in the study. A questionnaire solicited information regarding risk factors for infection, and blood samples were tested for anti-HCV. Parenteral risks identified in age-adjusted analysis included blood transfusions, dental procedures, hospital admission, surgery, complicated deliveries, history of injection therapy for schistosomiasis, and history of frequent injections. Circumcision was pervasive and was not associated per se with ant-HCV; however, circumcision by an informal, rather than formal, health care provider was associated with anti-HCV among young men and boys. The results did not reveal any unique community-acquired exposures that caused HCV infections: inhabitants who had tattoos, who smoked goza, who were shaved by a community barber, or who had their ears pierced were not at greater risk for anti-HCV than those who did not. Risks identified in multivariate analysis for both those older and younger than 30 years included prior parenteral therapy for schistosomiasis and blood transfusion; for those 30 or younger, circumcision by an informal rather than formal health care provider, and frequent injections; and for those older than 30, never attending college, invasive medical procedures, and complicated deliveries. Selecting for those with blood transfusion, prior parenteral therapy for schistosomiasis, and invasive medical procedures would identify less than half of those infected. Inclusion of frequent injections would identify 80% of those infected with HCV, but as a result of the pervasive use of injections, it would not discriminate from those uninfected. Nonetheless, general reduction of these exposures and assuring sterile practices are logical goals for intervention. Descriptors hepatitis C antibody, adolescent, adult, article, blood sampling, blood transfusion, child, circumcision, community care, controlled study, delivery, dental surgery, disease association, disease transmission, Egypt, exposure, female, hepatitis C, Hepatitis C virus, hospital admission, human, infant, injection, major clinical study, male, newborn, prevalence, risk factor, schistosomiasis, smoking, tattoo Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Medhat,A., Shehata,M., Magder,L. S., Mikhail,N., Abdel-Baki,L., Nafeh,M., Abdel-Hamid,M., Strickland,G. T., Fix,A. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biofouling reduction in recirculating cooling systems through biofiltration of process water	2003	Gerritse, J., TNO Environment, Energy and Process Innovation, 7300 AH Apeldoorn, Netherlands	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 37 Issue 3 Start Page 525 Other Pages 532 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Biofouling is a serious problem in industrial recirculating cooling systems. It damages equipment, through biocorrosion, and causes clogging and increased energy consumption, through decreased heat transfer. In this research a fixed-bed biofilter was developed which removed assimilable organic carbon (AOC) from process water, thus limiting the major substrate for the growth of biofouling. The biofilter was tested in a laboratory model recirculating cooling water system, including a heat exchanger and a cooling tower. A second identical model system without a biofilter served as a reference. Both installations were challenged with organic carbon (sucrose and yeast extract) to provoke biofouling. The biofilter improved the quality of the recirculating cooling water by reducing the AOC content, the ATP concentration, bacterial numbers (30-40 fold) and the turbidity (OD660). The process of biofouling in the heat exchangers, the process water pipelines and the cooling towers, was monitored by protein increase, heat transfer resistance, and chlorine demanded for maintenance. This revealed that biofouling was lower in the system with the biofilter compared to the reference installation. It was concluded that AOC removal through biofiltration provides an attractive, environmental-friendly means to reduce biofouling in industrial cooling systems. Â© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors adenosine triphosphate, cooling water, organic carbon, protein, sucrose, article, bacterial count, biofilter, biofiltration, biofouling, cooling, fouling prevention, heat transfer, model, pipeline, priority journal, turbidity, water quality, yeast Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Meesters,K. P. H., Van Groenestijn,J. W., Gerritse,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Plumbing system shock absorbers as a source of Legionella pneumophila	1992	Garber, G.E., Division of infectious Diseases, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ont. K1H 8L6, Canada	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Infection Control Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Infect.Control Pub Date Free Form 1992/ Volume 20 Issue 6 Start Page 305 Other Pages 309 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0196-6553 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Water distribution systems have been demonstrated to be a major source of nosocomial legionellosis. We describe an outbreak in our institution in which a novel source of Legionella pneumophila was identified in the plumbing system. Methods: After an outbreak of 10 cases of legionellosis in our hospital, recommended measures including superheating of the hot water to 80Â° C, hyperchlorination to 2 ppm, and flushing resulted in no new cases in the following 5 years. Recently, despite these control measures, three new cases occurred. Surveillance cultures of shower heads and water tanks were negative; cultures of tap water samples remained positive. This prompted a search for another reservoir. Shock absorbers installed within water pipes to decrease noise were suspected. Results: One hundred twenty-five shock absorbers were removed and cultured. A total of 13 (10%) yielded heavy growth of L. pneumophila (serogroup 1). Since their removal, no new cases have been found and the percentage of positive results of random tap water culture has dropped from 20% to 5%. Conclusions: This is the first report that identifies shock absorbers as a possible reservoir for L. pneumophila. We recommend that institutions with endemic legionellosis assess the water system for possible removal of shock absorbers. Descriptors article, bacterium culture, chlorination, clinical article, hospital infection, human, infection prevention, Legionella pneumophila, legionnaire disease, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Memish,Z. A., Oxley,C., Contant,J., Garber,G. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Dependency of bulk chlorine decay rates on flow velocity in water distribution networks	2003	Menaia, J., LNEC (National Civ. Eng. Laboratory), 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 209 Other Pages 214 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Understanding chlorine residual decay kinetics and the factors that influence them are essential for such current tasks as siting chlorination facilities, dosage optimisation, choice of sampling locations and frequencies, and general design and operational control of drinking water networks, increasingly accomplished with the help of simulation models. Available constants for bulk chlorine decay are typically determined under static conditions. However, as for all fast reactions in water flows, chlorine consumption rates in drinking water pipes may be influenced by the existing mixing regimes, a function of flow turbulence, which is primarily controlled by flow velocity and pipe diameter. Flow velocities vary greatly in space and time in water transmission and distribution systems; pipe diameters are seldom uniform. Although both variables are readily available in the currently available network analysis simulators that implement chlorine models, such variations are not accounted for. Instead, a single preset decay rate constant is generally used for describing chlorine residual consumption throughout an entire system. In addition to highlighting how negligible PVC pipe wall chlorine consumption is, as such, this paper presents experimental evidence of a significant correlation between pipe flow velocity and bulk chlorine decay rates, and proposes a simple but effective approach to implement this dependency in current simulators. Descriptors chlorine, drinking water, chlorination, conference paper, correlation analysis, flow rate, fluid intake, kinetics, process control, simulation, tube, turbulent flow, water flow, water sampling, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Menaia,J., Coelho,S. T., Lopes,A., Fonte,E., Palma,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Drinking water pipe biofilm: Present knowledge, concepts and significance	2004	Menaia, J., Dept. of Hydraulics and Environment, Natl. Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 4 Issue 2 Start Page 115 Other Pages 124 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Biofilms invariably colonize drinking water distribution systems with intensities and patterns governed by the habitat's environment. Water temperature and flow dynamics, nutrient availability, disinfectant residual and pipe material determine their development, structure and composition. Drinking water pipe biofilms control microbial regrowth and are a possible source of pathogens. However, these are possibly released at levels that do not generally impart hazards to healthy drinking water consumers. A deeper understanding of drinking water biofilms microbial ecology must be achieved before this issue can be adequately assessed. Descriptors drinking water, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas hydrophila, bacterial growth, biofilm, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter, Candida, coliform bacterium, conference paper, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, health hazard, Helicobacter pylori, hydrodynamics, Klebsiella, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, nonhuman, nutrient, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, water quality, water supply, water temperature Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Menaia,J., Mesquita,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Rehabilitation methods: A national overview; LES METHODES DE REMISE EN ETAT DES CONDUITES EN ITALIE	1990	Azienda Acquedotto Minicipale di Torino, Corso XI Febbraio n. 14, I-10152 Torino	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 8 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 203 Other Pages 211 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The methods for water pipe renewal are not widely used in Italy. In the field of water distribution networks, experiments have been confined, for the moment, to some remarkable applications made by Azienda Acquedotto Municipale (Municipal Water Utility) of Turin and refer to the following: -descaling and cleaning by the canal-jet method; - inside sealing of joints by epoxy resins; - lining old asbestos cement pipes, no longer valid, with pipes in a variety of materials; - in-situ coating of old asbestos cement and grey pig iron pipes by a flexible sheath of resin-impregnated, synthetic-fiber woven material. The main data referring to the said corrective actions are supplied, together with costs and evaluations apt to provide a general comparison between the various methods. Most favourable conclusions can be drawn on the methods tested, from the results discussed. Indeed, it is felt that such methods can be the correct approach to solve specific problems, while permitting sizeable savings as compared to outright replacement of pipes. Descriptors conference paper, Italy, management, pipeline, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Merlo,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after an expedition to high altitudes	2006		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full High Alt Med Biol Periodical, Abbrev. High Alt.Med.Biol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 1 Start Page 28 Other Pages 38 Notes ID: 16544964 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The possibility of persistent cerebral impairment due to exposure to extreme altitude and resulting hypoxic conditions is of great concern to both high altitude mountaineers and researchers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to hypoxia on cerebral glucose metabolism, which probably precedes structural and functional impairment. Positron emission tomography (PET) employing 18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) was performed, and the normobaric hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was assessed in 11 mountaineers before (pre) and after (post) climbing Mount Shisha Pangma (8048 m). During the climb, acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms were recorded and heart rate and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured daily. Neuropsychological evaluations were conducted at different heights. The difference FDGpost- FDGpre was analyzed voxel by voxel using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and volumes of interest (VOI). SPM revealed two areas of increased cerebral FDG uptake after the expedition, one localized in the left cerebellum (+9.4%) and one in the white matter lateral of the left thalamus (+8.3%). The VOI analysis revealed increased postexpeditional metabolism in an area of the right cerebellum (+11%) and of the thalamus bilaterally (+3.7% on the left, +4.6% on the right). FDG-PET alterations did not correlate with changes in SaO2, HVR, or AMS scores. All neuropsychological test results during the climb were unremarkable. We conclude that a prolonged stay at an extreme altitude leads to regional specific changes in the cerebral glucose metabolism without any signs of neuropsychological impairment during the climb. Descriptors Altitude Sickness/metabolism, Brain/metabolism, Glucose/metabolism, Mountaineering/physiology, Acute Disease, Adult, Cerebellum/metabolism, Expeditions, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography, Statistics, Nonparametric, Temporal Lobe/metabolism Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16544964 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Merz,Tobias M., Treyer,Valerie, Hefti,Urs, Spengler,Christina M., Schwarz,Urs, Buck,Alfred, Maggiorini,Marco Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determinants of lead concentration in the umbilical cord blood of 9189 newborns of a birth cohort in the government district of Braunschweig	1992	Meyer, J., Kreiskrankenhaus Wittmund.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fÃ¼r Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Zentralbl.Hyg.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 192 Issue 6 Start Page 522 Other Pages 533 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0934-8859 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract From September 1985 until August 1986 the possibility of lead concentration determination in umbilical cord blood was offered to all neonates in the district of Braunschweig by the Ministry of Social Affairs of Lower Saxony. A geometric mean concentration of 3.76 +/- 1.69 micrograms Pb/dl was found in 9189 neonates, being 64% of the total birth cohort. The median concentration was 3.59 micrograms/dl. 4.7% of the children showed concentrations of above 10 micrograms/dl. Lead concentrations of twins showed a strong linear correlation (r = + 0.94). They were higher than those of singleton births (p = 0.02). Lead concentrations in neonates were significantly associated with the age of the mother and with the birthweight of the newborn. Seasonal differentials were significant with higher values in summer (4.39 +/- 1.8 micrograms Pb/dl) compared to winter (3.25 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl). Duration of daily participation in road traffic was independent of blood lead concentrations. Potential occupational lead exposure of a member of the household was also no significant risk factor for higher lead concentration in the newborn. Family homes constructed before 1955 and those with lead water pipes were associated with significant increases of lead concentrations in neonates. Neighborhood was also significantly associated, with higher values in those living by main roads. In the southern part of the district lead concentrations were about 10% higher than in the northern part. Concentrations in neonates coming from cities were the same as in those coming from rural areas. Newborns from old lead mining and processing areas in the Harz mountains, in particular those coming from Oker-Harlingerode, had low lead concentrations in umbilical cord blood. Descriptors lead, article, blood, chemistry, cohort analysis, environmental exposure, exhaust gas, female, fetomaternal transfusion, fetus blood, Germany, housing, human, maternal age, mining, newborn, occupational exposure, pregnancy, risk factor, rural population, season, twins, urban population Links Book Title Determinanten der Bleikonzentration im Nabelschnurblut von 9189 Neugeborenen eines Geburtsjahrgangs im Regierungsbezirk Braunschweig. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Meyer,J., Geuenich,H. H., Robra,B. P., Windorfer,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention	2003	Meyer, P.A., CDC/NCEH/EEHS/LPPB, MS F-30, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of hygiene and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 206 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 363 Other Pages 369 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1438-4639 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Childhood lead poisoning is an important, preventable environmental disease affecting millions of children around the world. The effects of lead are well known and range from delayed and adversely affected neurodevelopment to severe health outcomes including seizures, coma, and death. This article reviews the childhood effects of lead poisoning, the approach being taken to the problem in the United States, and the obstacles faced by developing nations in dealing with lead exposure. The United States has attacked the childhood lead poisoning problem by attempting to eliminate sources of exposure, including gasoline, solder in water pipes and cans, and industrial emissions. These actions have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of children with elevated blood lead levels in the United States over the last two decades. However, many developing countries are just beginning to address the problem. Successful efforts will need to incorporate epidemiologic methods, source identification, enforced regulations, and a long-term government commitment to eliminating lead as a threat to the next generation of children. Descriptors gasoline, lead, battery industry, ceramics, child, child death, cognitive defect, coma, cooperation, developing country, developmental disorder, disease course, environmental disease, environmental exposure, government, health care system, health hazard, health program, health promotion, human, law enforcement, lead blood level, lead poisoning, nervous system development, neurologic disease, organization, pipeline, policy, pollution control, review, risk assessment, seizure, procedures, United States Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Meyer,P. A., McGeehin,M. A., Falk,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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