WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Parental smoking, asthma and wheezing in children and adolescents. Results of S.I.D.R.I.A. Collaborative Group S.I.D.R.I.A (Italian Studies on Respiratory Disorders in Childhood and the Environment)	1998		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Epidemiologia e prevenzione Periodical, Abbrev. Epidemiol.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Sep Volume 22 Issue 3 Start Page 146 Other Pages 154 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8902507; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication ITALY ISSN/ISBN 1120-9763; 1120-9763 Accession Number PMID: 9842125 Language ita SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9842125 Abstract The relationship between passive smoking and asthma in children and adolescents has been extensively debated. Since cigarette smoking is still widespread in many countries, exposure to passive smoking has a considerable public health importance. We present the results from a large survey conducted in Italy in two random samples of 6-7 yr old children and 13-14 yr old adolescents living in ten areas of Northern and Central Italy (S.I.D.R.I.A.). Standardized questionnaires were filled in by parents of children about respiratory health of their children and their smoking habits. Adolescents filled in a questionnaire about their respiratory health whereas parental smoking data were derived from a questionnaire filled in by parents. Three groups of cases were identified: current asthma, past asthma, and wheeze. Healthy children and adolescents were the control groups. In about 52% of the families at least one parent was a current smoker. Exposure to current smoking increased the risk of current asthma in children. Having both parents smokers increased the risk of current asthma and past asthma. The risk among adolescents were slightly lower with an increased risk of current asthma or wheeze when both parents were smokers. A dose related effect was observed as regards current asthma both in children and adolescents and wheeze in adolescents. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of having current asthma and wheeze in children. These results confirm the environmental hazards of parental smoking to respiratory health of children and adolescents, and encourage efforts to reduce smoking in families especially during pregnancy and in infancy. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Factors, Asthma/etiology, Child, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Parents, Pregnancy, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title Fumo dei genitori, asma e sibili respiratori in bambini ed adolescenti. I risultati di S.I.D.R.I.A. Gruppo Collaborativo S.I.D.R.I.A. (Studi Italiani sui Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e l'Ambiente) URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in indoor air at environmental levels using diffusive samplers in combination with headspace solid-phase microextraction and high-resolution gas chromatography-flame ionization detection	1998	Medizinisches Institut fur Umwelthygiene, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Dusseldorf, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 27-Nov Volume 826 Issue 2 Start Page 191 Other Pages 200 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Xylenes); 16291-96-6 (Charcoal); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); S54S8B99E8 (Carbon Disulfide); Y4S76JWI15 (Met Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 9871339 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9871339 Abstract An improved analytical method for passive air sampling is presented based on a combination of commercially available diffusive samplers with headspace solid-phase microextraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HRGC-FID). This procedure is targeted for short-term BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m- and p-xylenes) determinations at environmental concentrations and can be applied for sampling intervals between 30 min and 24 h. The analytes are adsorbed onto the charcoal pad of a passive sampler and then extracted with carbon disulphide-methanol. After removal of the carbon disulphide by xanthation, the BTEXs are enriched on a Carboxen SPME fiber, thermally desorbed and analysed by HRGC-FID. Detection limits for a sampling interval of 2 h are between 0.4 and 2 micrograms/m3, within-series precision ranges between 6.6 and 12.8%, day-to-day precision is between 11.1 and 15.2%. The results obtained with this procedure are validated by comparison with active sampling. Detection limits and a further reduction of the sampling time are limited by blanks of the chemicals and the diffusive samplers. Procedures to eliminate these blanks are described in detail. Applications such as the determination of BTEXs in indoor air inside buildings, inside a train and a car are presented, indicating the usefulness of the described procedure for short-term measurements of environmental BTEX concentrations. An advantage of passive samplers is the storage stability for at least six months, which is essential for its use in large epidemiological studies. Descriptors Adsorption, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carbon Disulfide, Charcoal, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Environmental Monitoring, Indicators and Reagents, Methanol, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Elke,K., Jermann,E., Begerow,J., Dunemann,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength of composite, glass ionomer, and acidic primer adhesive systems	1999	Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 115 Issue 1 Start Page 24 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8610224; 0 (Clearfil Liner Bond 2); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Organophosphorus Compounds); 0 (Phenyl-P adhesion promoting monomer); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Polymethacrylic Acids); 0 (Re Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0889-5406; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 9878954 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI S0889-5406(99)70312-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9878954 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded with one of three methods: (1) a glass ionomer adhesive with a 20% polyacrylic acid enamel conditioner; (2) a composite resin adhesive used with 37% phosphoric acid etchant and a conventional primer; or (3) the same composite resin used with an acidic primer that combines the etchant with the primer in one application. The brackets were bonded to the teeth according to one of three protocols. Group I teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) following the manufacturer's instructions. Group I acted as the control group. Group II teeth were etched with an acidic primer (Clearfil Liner Bond 2. J.C. Moritta Kuraway, Japan) that contains both the acid (Phenyl-P) and the primer (HEMA and dimethacrylate) and was placed on the enamel for 30 seconds; the adhesive used to bond the brackets was Transbond XT as in Group I. Group III teeth were etched with 20% polyacrylic acid and the brackets were bonded with Fuji Bond LC (G.C. America, Chicago, Ill). A steel rod with one flattened end was attached to the crosshead of a Zwick test machine (Zwick GmbH & Co, Ulm, Germany). An occlusogingival load was applied to the bracket, producing a shear force at the bracket-tooth interface. The results indicated that the resin/phosphoric acid adhesive system (control group) provided the strongest shear bond strength x = 10.4 +/- 2.8 MPa). The glass ionomer adhesive system provided a significantly lower bond strength (x = 6.5 +/- 1.9 MPa). The least shear bond strength was present when the acidic primer was used with an orthodontic adhesive (x = 2.8 +/- 1.9 MPa). In the present study, the use of either a fluoride-releasing glass ionomer or an acidic primer in combination with an available orthodontic composite adhesive resulted in a significantly reduced shear bond strength when compared with that of the conventional composite resin adhesive system. At the present time, the orthodontist and the patient are better served by using phosphoric acid/composite resin adhesive system or other equivalent systems that provide a clinically reliable bond strength between the bracket, the adhesive, and the enamel surface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Adhesiveness, Analysis of Variance, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Debonding, Dental Stress Analysis, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates/chemistry, Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistry, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bishara,S. E., Gordan,V. V., VonWald,L., Jakobsen,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Alveolar bone loss and tooth loss in male cigar and pipe smokers	1999	VA Outpatient Clinic, Boston, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Dent.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 130 Issue 1 Start Page 57 Other Pages 64 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: DA 10073/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7503060; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-8177; 0002-8177 Accession Number PMID: 9919032 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; D; IM DOI S0002-8177(14)65673-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9919032 Abstract BACKGROUND: While cigarette smoking is recognized as being detrimental to oral health, the effects of cigar and pipe smoking on tooth-loss risk, alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease are not known. The authors conducted this study to determine whether cigar and pipe smokers were at greater risk of experiencing tooth loss and alveolar bone loss than were nonsmokers. METHODS: The authors studied 690 dentate men who participate in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. Subjects are not VA patients, and they receive medical and dental care in the private sector. A board-certified periodontist conducted clinical examinations triennially for 23 years. These examinations included the number of teeth remaining, number of decayed and filled surfaces per tooth, and indicator scores for plaque, calculus, pocket probing depth, gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. Alveolar bone loss was assessed at each examination on intraoral periapical radiographs using the Schei ruler method, which measures loss of bone height in 20 percent increments. Multivariate analyses of tooth-loss rates and alveolar bone loss controlled for demographic and oral hygiene measures. RESULTS: The relative risk, or RR, of tooth loss compared with that of nonsmokers was significantly elevated in cigar smokers (RR = 1.3, 95 percent confidence interval, or CI, = 1.2, 1.5), pipe smokers (RR = 1.6, 95 percent CI = 1.4, 1.9) and cigarette smokers (RR = 1.6, 95 percent CI = 1.5, 1.7). The percentages of mesial and distal sites with moderate-to-severe progression of alveolar bone loss (a change of 40 percent or more from baseline) were 8 +/- 1 percent (mean +/- standard error) in nonsmokers, 16 +/- 3 percent in cigar smokers (P < .05), 13 +/- 4 percent in pipe smokers (P = .17), and 16 +/- 3 percent in cigarette smokers (P < .001). Pipe and cigar smokers did not differ significantly from nonsmokers with respect to the percentage of sites at baseline with moderate-to-severe scores for calculus, pocket probing depth, gingival bleeding or tooth mobility. Pipe smokers had fewer sites with moderate-to-severe plaque accumulation than did nonsmokers (7 +/- 11 vs. 13 +/- 17, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that men who smoke cigars or pipes were at increased risk of experiencing tooth loss. Cigar smokers also were at increased risk of experiencing alveolar bone loss. These elevations in risk are similar in magnitude to those observed in cigarette smokers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The increases in risk related to cigar and pipe smoking provide a strong rationale for targeting smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs to smokers of all tobacco products. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology, Confidence Intervals, DMF Index, Demography, Dental Calculus/etiology, Dental Plaque Index, Disease Progression, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Pocket/etiology, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Tooth Loss/etiology, Tooth Mobility/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Krall,E. A., Garvey,A. J., Garcia,R. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation	1999	University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 59 Issue 3 Start Page 590 Other Pages 596 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA-44377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 2984705R; 0 (4-((methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl)beta-omega-glucosiduronic acid); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Glucuronates); 0 (Nitrosamines); 59578-66-4 (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472; 0008-5472 Accession Number PMID: 9973205 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9973205 Abstract We quantified urinary levels of two metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in people who had stopped smoking: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide, 4-[(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-beta-O-D-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Gluc). Twenty-seven people completed the study. Thirteen used the nicotine patch starting at the quit date, whereas the others used no patch. Two 24-h urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days before smoking cessation; blood was also obtained. Beginning at their quit date, subjects provided 24-h urine samples on days 7, 21, 42, 70, 98, and 126, and some subjects also provided samples at later times. The urine was analyzed for NNAL, NNAL-Gluc, nicotine plus nicotine-N-glucuronide, and cotinine plus cotinine-N-glucuronide. Some blood samples were also analyzed for NNAL. The decline of urinary NNAL and NNAL-Gluc after smoking cessation was much slower than expected. This was clearly demonstrated by comparison with cotinine and nicotine levels in urine. One week after smoking cessation, 34.5% of baseline NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc was detected in urine, whereas the corresponding values for cotinine and nicotine were 1.1 and 0.5%, respectively. Even 6 weeks after cessation, 7.6% of the original levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc remained. In some subjects, NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc were detected 281 days after cessation. The distribution half-life for NNAL and NNAL-Gluc was 3-4 days, whereas the elimination half-life was 40-45 days. Total body clearance of NNAL was estimated to be 61.4 +/- 35.4 ml/min, and volume of distribution in the beta-phase was estimated to be 3800 +/- 2100 liters, indicating substantial distribution into the tissues. Parallel studies in rats treated chronically or acutely with NNK in the drinking water support the conclusion that NNAL has a large volume of distribution. There was no effect of the nicotine patch on levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc, indicating that NNK is not formed endogenously from nicotine. The results of this study demonstrate that NNAL and NNAL-Gluc are slowly cleared from the body after smoking cessation, indicating the presence of a high-affinity compartment where NNK, NNAL, and/or NNAL-Gluc are retained or sequestered and slowly released. Descriptors Adult, Animals, Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics, Cotinine/urine, Female, Glucuronates/pharmacokinetics/urine, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/etiology/urine, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/urine, Nitrosamines/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/urine, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hecht,S. S., Carmella,S. G., Chen,M., Dor Koch,J. F., Miller,A. T., Murphy,S. E., Jensen,J. A., Zimmerman,C. L., Hatsukami,D. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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