WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent electronic and conventional cigarette use	2016	Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA. Electronic address: adam.leventhal@usc.edu.; Department of Family Medicine and Public Hea	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of psychiatric research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Psychiatr.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 73 Issue Start Page 71 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20160204; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DA033296/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-DA033296/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376331; NIHMS745006; OID: NLM: NIHMS745006 [Available on 02/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4738156 [Available on 02/01/17]; O Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1379; 0022-3956 Accession Number PMID: 26688438 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26688438 Abstract The popularity of electronic (e-) cigarettes has greatly increased recently, particularly in adolescents. However, the extent of psychiatric comorbidity with adolescent e-cigarette use and dual use of conventional (combustible) and e-cigarettes is unknown. This study characterized psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent conventional and e-cigarette use. Ninth grade students attending high schools in Los Angeles, CA (M age = 14) completed self-report measures of conventional/e-cigarette use, emotional disorders, substance use/problems, and transdiagnostic psychiatric phenotypes consistent with the NIMH-Research Domain Criteria Initiative. Outcomes were compared by lifetime use of: (1) neither conventional nor e-cigarettes (non-use; N = 2557, 77.3%); (2) e-cigarettes only (N = 412, 12.4%); (3) conventional cigarettes only (N = 152, 4.6%); and (4) conventional and e-cigarettes (dual use; N = 189, 5.6%). In comparison to adolescents who used conventional cigarettes only, e-cigarette only users reported lower levels of internalizing syndromes (depression, generalized anxiety, panic, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) and transdiagnostic phenotypes (i.e., distress intolerance, anxiety sensitivity, rash action during negative affect). Depression, panic disorder, and anhedonia were higher in e-cigarette only vs. non-users. For several externalizing outcomes (mania, rash action during positive affect, alcohol drug use/abuse) and anhedonia, an ordered pattern was observed, whereby comorbidity was lowest in non-users, moderate in single product users (conventional or e-cigarette), and highest in dual users. These findings: (1) raise question of whether emotionally-healthier ('lower-risk') adolescents who are not interested in conventional cigarettes are being attracted to e-cigarettes; (2) indicate that research, intervention, and policy dedicated to adolescent tobacco-psychiatric comorbidity should distinguish conventional cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Leventhal,A.M., Strong,D.R., Sussman,S., Kirkpatrick,M.G., Unger,J.B., Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Audrain-McGovern,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151122 PMCID PMC4738156 Editors
Exploring Demographic and Substance Use Correlates of Hookah Use in a Sample of Southern California Community College Students	2015	Loma Linda University School of Public Health.; Loma Linda University School of Public Health.; Loma Linda University School of Public Health.; Loma Linda University School of Public Health.; Loma Linda University School of Public Health.; Crafton Hills C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Californian journal of health promotion Periodical, Abbrev. Calif.J.Health.Promot. Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 1 Start Page 26 Other Pages 37 Notes LR: 20151223; GR: P20 MD001632/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101193278; NIHMS742933; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1545-8725; 1545-8717 Accession Number PMID: 26688673 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26688673 Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hookah smoking is a growing young adult phenomenon, particularly among college students. Many users feel that it is safer than other tobacco products, although its health threats are well documented. Little is known about hookah use rates in community colleges that are attended by nearly half of all US college students. This study examined hookah use in a diverse convenience sample of students attending two southern California community colleges. METHODS: In fall 2011, a cross-sectional, in-classroom survey was administered to 1,207 students. A series of fully adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to explore demographic, other substance use, and attitudinal correlates of lifetime and current hookah use. RESULTS: Lifetime hookah use (56%) was higher than lifetime cigarette use (49%). Gender and personal socioeconomic status were not related to hookah use. Current use (10.8%) was associated with current use of alcohol, cigars, and cigarettes. Compared to African-Americans, Whites were 2.9 times more likely to be current users, and students who perceive hookah to be more socially acceptable were 21 times more likely to currently use. CONCLUSION: Since hookah use rates are high, colleges should offer health education programs to inform incoming students about the health risks of hookah and cessation programs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Montgomery,S.B., De Borba-Silva,M., Singh,P., Dos Santos,H., Job,J.S., Brink,T.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4682902 Editors
Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy	2015	Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, D1411, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 22-Dec Volume (12):CD010078. doi Issue 12 Start Page CD010078 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26690977 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010078.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26690977 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking in pregnancy is a public health problem. When used by non-pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline) are effective for smoking cessation, however, their efficacy and safety in pregnancy remains unknown. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are becoming widely used but their efficacy and safety when used for smoking cessation in pregnancy are also unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies (including NRT, varenicline and bupropion), other medications, or ENDS when used for smoking cessation in pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (11 July 2015), checked references of retrieved studies, and contacted authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in pregnant women with designs that permit the independent effects of any type of pharmacotherapy or ENDS on smoking cessation to be ascertained were eligible for inclusion.The following RCT designs are included.Placebo-RCTs: any form of NRT, other pharmacotherapy, or ENDS, with or without behavioural support/cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), or brief advice, compared with an identical placebo and behavioural support of similar intensity.RCTs providing a comparison between i) any form of NRT, other pharmacotherapy, or ENDS added to behavioural support/CBT, or brief advice and ii) behavioural support of similar (ideally identical) intensity.Parallel- or cluster-randomised trials were eligible for inclusion. Quasi-randomised, cross-over and within-participant designs were not, due to the potential biases associated with these designs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias and also independently extracted data and cross checked individual outcomes of this process to ensure accuracy. The primary efficacy outcome was smoking cessation in later pregnancy (in all but one trial, at or around delivery); safety was assessed by 11 outcomes (principally birth outcomes) that indicated neonatal and infant well-being; and we also collated data on adherence with trial treatments. MAIN RESULTS: This review includes a total of nine trials which enrolled 2210 pregnant smokers: eight trials of NRT and one trial of bupropion as adjuncts to behavioural support/CBT. The risk of bias was generally low across trials with virtually all domains of the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool being satisfied for the majority of studies. We found no trials investigating varenicline or ENDS. Compared to placebo and non-placebo controls, there was a difference in smoking rates observed in later pregnancy favouring use of NRT (risk ratio (RR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.93, eight studies, 2199 women). However, subgroup analysis of placebo-RCTs provided a lower RR in favour of NRT (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.66, five studies, 1926 women), whereas within the two non-placebo RCTs there was a strong positive effect of NRT, (RR 8.51, 95% CI 2.05 to 35.28, three studies, 273 women; P value for random-effects subgroup interaction test = 0.01). There were no differences between NRT and control groups in rates of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, birthweight, low birthweight, admissions to neonatal intensive care, caesarean section, congenital abnormalities or neonatal death. Compared to placebo group infants, at two years of age, infants born to women who had been randomised to NRT had higher rates of 'survival without developmental impairment' (one trial). Generally, adherence with trial NRT regimens was low. Non-serious side effects observed with NRT included headache, nausea and local reactions (e.g. skin irritation from patches or foul taste from gum), but these data could not be pooled. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: NRT used in pregnancy for smoking cessation increases smoking cessation rates measured in late Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Coleman,T., Chamberlain,C., Davey,M.A., Cooper,S.E., Leonardi-Bee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151222 PMCID Editors
Bacaba beverage produced by Umutina Brazilian Amerindians: Microbiological and chemical characterization	2015	Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] Periodical, Abbrev. Braz J.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct-Dec Volume 46 Issue 4 Start Page 1207 Other Pages 1216 Notes LR: 20160115; JID: 101095924; OID: NLM: PMC4704630; 2014/11/21 [received]; 2015/03/30 [accepted]; 2015/10/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1678-4405; 1517-8382 Accession Number PMID: 26691483 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1590/S1517-838246420140964 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26691483 Abstract Bacaba chicha is a beverage prepared by the indigenous Umutina people from the bacaba fruit (Oenocarpus bacaba), a purple berry that is rich in fat and carbohydrates, as well as a source of phenolic compounds. In this study, samples of bacaba chicha beverage were collected, and the microbial community was assessed using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. The nutritional composition and metabolite profiles were analyzed, and species belonging to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were detected. The LAB group detected by culture-dependent analysis included Enterococcus hormaechei and Leuconostoc lactis. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) detected additional Propionibacterium avidum, Acetobacter spp., and uncultured bacteria. Pichia caribbica and Pichia guilliermondii were detected in a culture-dependent method, and Pichia caribbica was confirmed by PCR-DGGE analysis. The pH value of the beverage was 6.2. The nutritional composition was as follows: 16.47 +/- 0.73 g 100 mL-1 dry matter, 2.2 +/- 0.0 g 100 mL-1 fat, 3.36 +/- 0.44 g 100 mL-1 protein, and 10.87 +/- 0.26 g 100 mL-1 carbohydrate. The metabolites detected were 2.69 g L-1 succinic acid, 0.9 g L-1 acetic acid, 0.49 g L-1 citric acid, 0.52 g L-1 ethanol, and 0.4 g L-1 glycerol. This is the first study to identify microbial diversity in bacaba chicha spontaneous fermentation. This study is also the starting step in the immaterial record of this Brazilian indigenous beverage prepared from bacaba fruit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Puerari,C., Magalhaes-Guedes,K.T., Schwan,R.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151027 PMCID PMC4704630 Editors
A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy	2015	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. maike.sachs@bcm.edu.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 21-Dec Volume 15 Issue Start Page 1273 Other Pages 015-2586-4 Notes LR: 20151224; GR: P30ES023512/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4687310; 2015/06/04 [received]; 2015/12/08 [accepted]; 2015/12/21 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26692352 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2586-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26692352 Abstract BACKGROUND: Studies reveal that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use are increasing among adolescents and young adults. However, the long-term health effects are unknown, especially with regards to pregnancy. Because of the increased use in women of reproductive age, and the unknown long-term health risks, our primary objectives were to determine the perceived risks of e-cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy, and learn common colloquial terms associated with e-cigarettes. Furthermore, we sought to determine if there is a stigma associated with e-cigarette use in pregnancy. METHODS: Eleven focus groups including 87 participants were conducted immediately following regularly scheduled CenteringPregnancy(R) prenatal care with women at three different clinics in the greater Houston area. A minimum of two facilitators led the groups, using ten lead-in prompts, with Spanish translation as necessary. Facilitators took notes which were compared immediately following each group discussion and each group was audio recorded and transcribed. Three facilitators utilized NVivo 9.0 software to organize the transcribed data into nodes to identify major themes. To increase rigor, transcripts were further analyzed by two obstetricians who were instructed to find the major themes. RESULTS: Analyses revealed contradicting themes concerning e-cigarette use. In general, e-cigarettes were perceived as safer alternatives to regular tobacco cigarettes, especially if used as smoking cessation devices. A major theme is that use in pregnancy is harmful to the fetus. However, it was perceived that use for smoking cessation in pregnancy may have fewer side effects. We found that a common term for e-cigarettes is "Blu." In our discussion of hookah use, participants perceived use as popular among teenagers and that use in pregnancy is dangerous for the fetus. CONCLUSIONS: Although a strong theme emerged against hookah use, we found contradicting themes in our discussions on e-cigarette use in pregnancy. It is possible that e-cigarette use will not carry the same stigma as regular cigarette smoking in pregnancy. In addition, the impression of e-cigarettes as a healthier alternative to smoking may influence use in pregnancy. Clinicians need to be prepared for questions of e-cigarette safety and efficacy as smoking cessation devices from their pregnant patients who smoke, and women who smoke and are planning to become pregnant. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kahr,M.K., Padgett,S., Shope,C.D., Griffin,E.N., Xie,S.S., Gonzalez,P.J., Levison,J., Mastrobattista,J., Abramovici,A.R., Northrup,T.F., Stotts,A.L., Aagaard,K.M., Suter,M.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151221 PMCID PMC4687310 Editors
Electronic Cigarette Trial and Use among Young Adults: Reasons for Trial and Cessation of Vaping	2015	Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA. lois.biener@umb.edu.; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. esong@wak	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 17-Dec Volume 12 Issue 12 Start Page 16019 Other Pages 16026 Notes LR: 20160107; GR: R01CA141643-04S2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101238455; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690975; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/02 [received]; 2015/11/30 [revised]; 2015/12/10 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26694438 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121215039 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26694438 Abstract This paper identifies predictors of trial and current use, and reasons for trying and ceasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults, with particular attention to former and never smokers. Data are from a mail survey of a population-based sample of adults aged 18 to 35 (N = 4740) in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Survey items assessed trial and use of e-cigarettes, cigarette smoking status, and reasons for trial and for ceasing use of e-cigarettes. Almost 23% reported trial of e-cigarettes, and 8.4% reported using them in the past month. Current smokers were much more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (70.2%) than both former (32.3%) and never smokers (7.6%; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Biener,L., Song,E., Sutfin,E.L., Spangler,J., Wolfson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151217 PMCID PMC4690975 Editors
Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Tobacco Smoke Pollution in Homes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	2015	School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel. rosenl@post.tau.ac.il.; School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel. v	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 18-Dec Volume 12 Issue 12 Start Page 16043 Other Pages 16059 Notes LR: 20160107; JID: 101238455; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690974; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/18 [received]; 2015/12/03 [revised]; 2015/12/09 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26694440 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121215038 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26694440 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Smoke-free homes can help protect children from tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify effects of interventions on changes in tobacco smoke pollution in the home, as measured by air nicotine and particulate matter (PM). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. We included controlled trials of interventions which aimed to help parents protect children from tobacco smoke exposure. Two reviewers identified relevant studies, and three reviewers extracted data. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified. Interventions improved tobacco smoke air pollution in homes as assessed by nicotine or PM. (6 studies, N = 681, p = 0.02). Analyses of air nicotine and PM separately also showed some benefit (Air nicotine: 4 studies, N = 421, p = 0.08; PM: 3 studies, N = 340, p = 0.02). Despite improvements, tobacco smoke pollution was present in homes in all studies at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions designed to protect children from tobacco smoke are effective in reducing tobacco smoke pollution (as assessed by air nicotine or PM) in homes, but contamination remains. The persistence of significant pollution levels in homes after individual level intervention may signal the need for other population and regulatory measures to help reduce and eliminate childhood tobacco smoke exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosen,L.J., Myers,V., Winickoff,J.P., Kott,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151218 PMCID PMC4690974 Editors
Knowledge About the Waterpipe (Hookah), a Qualitative Assessment Among Community Workers in a Major Urban Center in Canada	2016	Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-150 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G3, Canada. hammal@ualberta.ca.; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; Department of Anesthesiology	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 41 Issue 4 Start Page 689 Other Pages 696 Notes JID: 7600747; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-3610; 0094-5145 Accession Number PMID: 26704909 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s10900-015-0143-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26704909 Abstract Waterpipe (WP) use has surged in popularity since the introduction of flavoured shisha. It is now an increasingly popular form of smoking among youth in North America. Health professionals/educators knowledge about the WP may well be inadequate. This study, using qualitative methods, sought to explore the knowledge and attitude of leaders in the community toward the WP. Family physicians, pharmacists, tobacco counsellors, social workers and educators were invited to participate in a one-one interview using open-ended questions. A total of 27 interviews were conducted. Individuals from Eastern Mediterranean backgrounds raised doubt about the overemphasised cultural significance of the WP and perceived this as a marketing strategy by industry. Most felt that WP smokers believed the WP to be less harmful than cigarettes and that the use of flavoured tobacco was motivating people to smoke. Participants believed that education should be directed at the general public and healthcare professionals, suggesting school programs and the use of social media to inform young smokers. Most thought that the current practices regarding packaging and second hand smoke exposure are confusing. They identified the lack of knowledge, poor enforcement procedures, "so called cultural aspects" and the economic impact of banning the WP on small businesses as barriers to change. Despite the awareness of an increase in WP use, our participants recognized that little has been done to curb this problem. Our findings emphasize the need for further education and better legislation to regulate WP use and availability. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hammal,F., Wild,T.C., Finegan,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Preventive malaria treatment for contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease in the context of the west Africa 2014-15 Ebola virus disease response: an economic analysis	2016	National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Modeling Unit, Emergency Operations Center, 2014 Ebola Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; IHR	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Lancet.Infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 449 Other Pages 458 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 101130150; 0 (Antimalarials); CIN: Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Apr;16(4):391-2. PMID: 26706715; 2015/08/07 [received]; 2015/10/24 [revised]; 2015/11/05 [accepted]; 2015/12/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1474-4457; 1473-3099 Accession Number PMID: 26706716 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00465-X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26706716 Abstract BACKGROUND: After the detection of an Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa in 2014, one of the elements of the response was to contact trace and isolate patients in specialised Ebola treatment units (ETUs) at onset of fever. We aimed to assess the economic feasibility of administering preventive malaria treatment to all contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease, to prevent the onset of febrile malaria and subsequent admission to ETUs. METHODS: We used a decision tree model to analyse the costs of preventive malaria treatment (artemisinin-based combination treatment [ACT]) for all contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease (in terms of administration and averted ETU-stay costs) and benefits (in terms of averted ETU admissions) in west Africa, from a health-care provider perspective. The period of analyses was 1 year, which is roughly similar to the duration of the 2014-15 west Africa Ebola outbreak response. We calculated the intervention's cost per ETU admission averted (average cost-effectiveness ratio) by season (wet and dry), country (Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea), and age of contact (/=15 years). We did sensitivity analyses to assess how results varied with malaria parasite prevalence (in children aged 2-10 years), daily cost of ETU stay (for Liberian malaria incidence levels), and compliance and effectiveness of preventive malaria treatment. FINDINGS: Administration of ACTs to contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease was cost saving for contacts of all ages in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea, in both seasons, from a health-care provider perspective. In the wet season, preventive malaria treatment was estimated to reduce the probability of a contact being admitted to an ETU by a maximum of 36% (in Guinea, for contacts aged /=15 years). Assuming 85% compliance and taking into account the African population pyramid, the intervention is expected to be cost saving in contacts of all age groups in areas with malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 2-10 years as low as 10%. In Liberia during the wet season, malaria preventive treatment was cost saving even when average daily bed-stay costs were as low as US$5 for children younger than 5 years, $9 for those aged 5-14 years, and $22 for those aged 15 years or older. INTERPRETATION: Administration of preventive malaria treatment to contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease should be considered by public health officials when addressing Ebola virus disease outbreaks in countries and seasons where malaria reaches high levels of transmission. FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Carias,C., Greening,B.,Jr, Campbell,C.G., Meltzer,M.I., Hamel,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151217 PMCID Editors
Regional differences on patterns of physical activity and leisure sedentary time: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank study, including a million people from 10 regions	2015	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.; Chinese Academy of Medical	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi Periodical, Abbrev. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 36 Issue 8 Start Page 779 Other Pages 785 Notes LR: 20160322; GR: MC_U137686851/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 8208604; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0254-6450; 0254-6450 Accession Number PMID: 26714526 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26714526 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the gender and regional differences in patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior across 10 study areas through data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) that involving half a million adults. METHODS: The baseline survey of CKB took place in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China during 2004-2008. After excluding those who had a prior history of heart disease, stroke and/or cancer, 486 514 participants (age: 30-79 y) were included in the analyses. MET-h/d was calculated for each one of the participant, based on the type, duration and intensity of self-reported physical activity, along with time spent on sedentary activity. These data were compared, after standardization for age between sex and study areas. RESULTS: The mean total physical activity was 22.9 MET-h/d among men, 20.6 MET-h/d among women, and the mean sedentary leisure time appeared 3.1 h/d in men and 2.9 h/d in women. In men, the total physical activity ranged from 13.3 MET-h/d in Haikou to 31.3 MET-h/d in Zhejiang, while in women it ranged from 14.7 MET-h/d to 30.2 MET-h/d across the 10 areas. For sedentary leisure time, it ranged from 2.0 h/d in Zhejiang to 3.8 h/d in Sichuan in men and 1.6 h/d to 3.7 h/d in women. In both men and women, occupational physical activities (77.6% and 59.8% respectively) accounted for most of the daily activities, while leisure time physical activities accounted for the least (3.1% in both men and women). Among men, the proportion of occupational physical activity ranged from 86.5% in Zhejiang to 69.4% in Haikou (69.4%), while in women it ranged from 74.8% in Zhejiang to 40.9% in Henan. Gansu (men 17.8%, women 18.1%) reported the highest proportion of transportation physical activities. Among women, areas reporting the highest proportion of physical activity at home would include Henan (54.0%) and Hunan (39.1%), whereas adults in Zhejiang (20.0%) reported the lowest proportion. Among men, Hunan (18.0%) reported the highest proportion of physical activity at home. Compared with rural areas, male and female participants from urban areas tended to have more leisure time for physical activity and less vigorous-intensity physical activity. CONCLUSION: The patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior including the levels of physical activity, domains and intensity of physical activities. Sedentary leisure time appeared all various greatly across different regions in China. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fan,M., Lyu,J., Guo,Y., Bian,Z., Yu,C., Du,H., Zhou,H., Tan,Y., Chen,J., Chen,Z., Li,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail