WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Effect of cigarette design on biomarkers of exposure, puffing topography and respiratory parameters	2015	Altria Client Services Inc. , Richmond, VA , USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 27 Issue 3 Start Page 174 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20150729; JID: 8910739; 0 (Biomarkers); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); OID: NLM: PMC4496805; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 25830813 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2015.1021980 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25830813 Abstract Despite the lack of evidence, many reports exist which have implied that smokers inhale low-yield cigarette smoke more deeply than that of high-yield cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term switching between smoker's own brand and test cigarettes with different smoke yields on puffing topography, respiratory parameters and biomarkers of exposure. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke either a Test Cigarette-High Tar (TCH), for two days, and then switched to a Test Cigarette-Low Tar (TCL), for two days or the reverse order (n = 10 each sequence). Puffing topography (CReSS microdevice), respiratory parameters (inductive plethysmography) and biomarkers of exposure (BOE, urinary nicotine equivalents - NE and blood carboxyhemoglobin - COHb) were measured at baseline and on days 2 and 4. The average puffs per cigarette, puff volume and puff durations were statistically significantly lower, and inter-puff interval was significantly longer for the TCH compared to the TCL groups. Respiratory parameters were not statistically significantly different between the TCH and TCL groups. Post-baseline NE and COHb were statistically significantly lower in the TCL compared to the TCH groups. Under the conditions of this study, we found no indication of changes in respiratory parameters, particularly inhalation time and volume, between study participants smoking lower versus higher yield cigarettes. Likewise, the BOE provides no indication of deeper inhalation when smoking low- versus high-yield cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the published literature indicating smoking low-yield cigarettes does not increase the depth of inhalation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Appleton,S., Liu,J., Lipowicz,P.J., Sarkar,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150401 PMCID PMC4496805 Editors
Ebola virus disease in a humanitarian aid worker - New York City, October 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Apr Volume 64 Issue 12 Start Page 321 Other Pages 323 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25837242 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI mm6412a3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25837242 Abstract In late October 2014, Ebola virus disease (Ebola) was diagnosed in a humanitarian aid worker who recently returned from West Africa to New York City (NYC). The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) actively monitored three close contacts of the patient and 114 health care personnel. No secondary cases of Ebola were detected. In collaboration with local and state partners, DOHMH had developed protocols to respond to such an event beginning in July 2014. These protocols included safely transporting a person at the first report of symptoms to a local hospital prepared to treat a patient with Ebola, laboratory testing for Ebola, and monitoring of contacts. In response to this single case of Ebola, initial health care worker active monitoring protocols needed modification to improve clarity about what types of exposure should be monitored. The response costs were high in both human resources and money: DOHMH alone spent $4.3 million. However, preparedness activities that include planning and practice in effectively monitoring the health of workers involved in Ebola patient care can help prevent transmission of Ebola. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yacisin,K., Balter,S., Fine,A., Weiss,D., Ackelsberg,J., Prezant,D., Wilson,R., Starr,D., Rakeman,J., Raphael,M., Quinn,C., Toprani,A., Clark,N., Link,N., Daskalakis,D., Maybank,A., Layton,M., Varma,J.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Associations With Conventional Cigarette and Hookah Smoking	2015	Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions. Electronic address: tebarnett@phhp.ufl.edu.; Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions.; B	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 49 Issue 2 Start Page 199 Other Pages 206 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8704773; 2014/09/25 [received]; 2015/02/06 [revised]; 2015/02/19 [accepted]; 2015/03/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 25840880 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25840880 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The emerging trends and rapid growth of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents are being monitored closely. The trends are critical as policy to prevent uptake among adolescents is considered. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of e-cigarette use and potential correlates for use. Associations between e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and hookah are assessed. METHODS: This study used data from the 2013 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey. Prevalence estimates were calculated in 2014 and differences were determined based on CIs. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of e-cigarette use among participants based on demographic and other tobacco products used. RESULTS: There were no sex differences in middle school, whereas male high school students reported higher use than their female counterparts. Cigarette smoking and hookah use were significantly associated with ever and current e-cigarette use among both middle and high school students. CONCLUSIONS: Although e-cigarettes are being assessed as a potential replacement product for traditional tobacco, evidence from this study indicates the possibility of multiple product use among adolescents. E-cigarettes are not only associated with traditional cigarettes, but also with hookahs, a similar emerging product that offer tobacco flavors that may appeal to adolescents. Notably, many e-cigarette users also reported no cigarette or hookah use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Barnett,T.E., Soule,E.K., Forrest,J.R., Porter,L., Tomar,S.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150331 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and predictors of hookah use in US Air Force military recruits	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.; Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: ebbe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 47 Issue Start Page 5 Other Pages 10 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: DA 036510-S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA-036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS674284; OID: NLM: NIHMS674284; OID: NLM: PMC4417387; OTO: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25841088 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25841088 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hookah use has gained recent popularity among U.S. youth. The current study describes the characteristics and correlates associated with hookah use in late adolescent and young adult US Air Force (USAF) recruits. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire of USAF personnel in Technical Training School at Joint Base San Antonio (N=10,997). Response rate was 78%. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between hookah use, demographic variables, other tobacco and nicotine containing product (TNCP) use, and the social environment. RESULTS: The prevalence of ever hookah use was 28%; at least monthly hookah use was 10%. Increased hookah use was positively associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR [odds ratio] 1.52; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.85), cigarette smoking (OR 4.05; CI: 3.41, 4.82) and smokeless tobacco use (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71). Hookah use was negatively associated with age (OR 0.84; 95% 0.71 to 1.00), living as married (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72), African American (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.69) and >/=4-year degree (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.82). Hookah use was highest among recruits who "many or almost all" of their friends smoked cigarettes (OR 2.43; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.30) and for those who reported willingness to try a tobacco product that claims to be safer than cigarettes (OR 3.16; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.77). CONCLUSIONS: Hookah use among military recruits is similar to the civilian population. A willingness to try TNCPs claiming to be safer than cigarettes may influence hookah use. Public health campaigns disseminating accurate information about hookah health risks may be needed to reduce hookah use among youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Linde,B.D., Ebbert,J.O., Pasker,C.K., Wayne Talcott,G., Schroeder,D.R., Hanson,A.C., Klesges,R.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150321 PMCID PMC4417387 Editors
Crystal structures of two hydrazinecarbo-thio-amide derivatives: (E)-N-ethyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methyl-idene]hydrazinecarbo-thio-amide hemi-hydrate and (E)-2-[(4-chloro-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl-idene]-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbo-thio-amide	2015	Department of Physics, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600 008, India.; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Crystallographic communications Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.E.Crystallogr.Commun. Pub Date Free Form 21-Feb Volume 71 Issue Pt 3 Start Page 305 Other Pages 308 Notes LR: 20150408; JID: 101648987; OID: NLM: PMC4350706; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/01 [ecollection]; 2015/02/04 [received]; 2015/02/17 [accepted]; 2015/02/21 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2056-9890 Accession Number PMID: 25844194 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S2056989015003369 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25844194 Abstract The title compounds, C13H13N3O2S.0.5H2O, (I), and C17H14ClN3OS, (II), are hydrazinecarbo-thio-amide derivatives. Compound (I) crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) and a water mol-ecule of crystallization in the asymmetric unit. The chromene moiety is essentially planar in mol-ecules A and B, with maximum deviations of 0.028 (3) and 0.016 (3) A, respectively, for the carbonyl C atoms. In (II), the pyran ring of the chromene moiety adopts a screw-boat conformation and the phenyl ring is inclined by 61.18 (9) degrees to its mean plane. In the crystal of (I), bifurcated N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds link the two independent mol-ecules forming A-B dimers with two R 2 (1)(6) ring motifs, and R 2 (2)(10) and R 2 (2)(14) ring motifs. In addition to these, the water mol-ecule forms tetra-furcated hydrogen bonds which alternately generate R 4 (4)(12) and R 6 (6)(22) graph-set ring motifs. There are also pi-pi [inter-centroid distances = 3.5648 (14) and 3.6825 (15) A] inter-actions present, leading to the formation of columns along the c-axis direction. In the crystal of (II), mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredS hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions, forming ribbons lying parallel to (210). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gangadharan,R., Haribabu,J., Karvembu,R., Sethusankar,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150221 PMCID PMC4350706 Editors
Crystal structure of N-[4-amino-5-cyano-6-(methyl-sulfan-yl)pyridin-2-yl]acetamide hemihydrate	2015	Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.; Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.; Chemistry and Environmental Division, Manchester Metropolitan Univers	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Crystallographic communications Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.E.Crystallogr.Commun. Pub Date Free Form 13-Feb Volume 71 Issue Pt 3 Start Page o171 Other Pages 2 Notes LR: 20150408; JID: 101648987; OID: NLM: PMC4350750; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/01 [ecollection]; 2015/02/04 [received]; 2015/02/06 [accepted]; 2015/02/13 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2056-9890 Accession Number PMID: 25844232 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S205698901500256X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25844232 Abstract The title compound, C9H10N4OS.0.5H2O, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, together with a water mol-ecule of crystallization. The acetamide moiety, which has an extended conformation, is inclined to the pyridine ring by 7.95 (16) degrees in mol-ecule A and by 1.77 (16) degrees in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the A and B mol-ecules are linked by two N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredOcarbon-yl hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer. The dimers are linked via N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons that are linked by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredOwater hydrogen bonds to form sheets parallel to (110). The sheets are linked by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, forming slabs, and between the slabs there are weak slipped parallel pi-pi inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.734 (2) A, inter-planar distance = 3.3505 (11) A and slippage = 1.648 A], forming a three-dimensional structure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Akkurt,M., Knight,K.S., Mohamed,S.K., Hussein,B.R., Albayati,M.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150213 PMCID PMC4350750 Editors
Derivation and Internal Validation of the Ebola Prediction Score for Risk Stratification of Patients With Suspected Ebola Virus Disease	2015	Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI. Electronic address: adam_levine@brown.edu.; International Medical Corps, Los Angeles, CA.; International Medical Corps, Los Angeles, CA.; International Medical Corps, Los Angeles, CA.; Wa	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Emergency Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Emerg.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 66 Issue 3 Start Page 285 Other Pages 2930 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8002646; CIN: Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Sep;66(3):294-6. PMID: 26215669; 2015/02/03 [received]; 2015/03/01 [revised]; 2015/03/12 [accepted]; 2015/04/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6760; 0196-0644 Accession Number PMID: 25845607 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.03.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25845607 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVE: The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa is the largest on record and has overwhelmed the capacity of local health systems and the international community to provide sufficient isolation and treatment of all suspected cases. The goal of this study is to develop a clinical prediction model that can help clinicians risk-stratify patients with suspected Ebola virus disease in the context of such an epidemic. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of patient data collected during routine clinical care at the Bong County Ebola Treatment Unit in Liberia during its first 16 weeks of operation. The predictive power of 14 clinical and epidemiologic variables was measured against the primary outcome of laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease, using logistic regression to develop a final prediction model. Bootstrap sampling was used to assess the internal validity of the model and estimate its performance in a simulated validation cohort. RESULTS: Ebola virus disease testing results were available for 382 (97%) of 395 patients admitted to the Ebola treatment unit during the study period. A total of 160 patients (42%) tested positive for Ebola virus disease. Logistic regression analysis identified 6 variables independently predictive of laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease, including sick contact, diarrhea, loss of appetite, muscle pains, difficulty swallowing, and absence of abdominal pain. The Ebola Prediction Score, constructed with these 6 variables, had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.80) for the prediction of laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease. Patients with higher Ebola Prediction Scores had higher likelihoods of laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease. CONCLUSION: The Ebola Prediction Score can be used by clinicians as an adjunct to current Ebola virus disease case definitions to risk-stratify patients with suspected Ebola virus disease. Clinicians can use this new tool for the purpose of cohorting patients within the suspected-disease ward of an Ebola treatment unit or community-based isolation center to prevent nosocomial infection or as a triage tool when patient numbers overwhelm available capacity. Given the inherent limitations of clinical prediction models, however, a low-cost, point-of-care test that can rapidly and definitively exclude Ebola virus disease in patients should be a research priority. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Levine,A.C., Shetty,P.P., Burbach,R., Cheemalapati,S., Glavis-Bloom,J., Wiskel,T., Kesselly,J.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150403 PMCID Editors
Microtensile bond strength of a resin-based fissure sealant to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-etched primary enamel	2016	Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Bagdat Caddesi No. 238, Goztepe, Kadikoy, 34728, Istanbul, Turkey. elifsung@yahoo.com.; Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Gazi University, 8. Cd. 1.Sok.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Odontology / the Society of the Nippon Dental University Periodical, Abbrev. Odontology Pub Date Free Form May Volume 104 Issue 2 Start Page 163 Other Pages 169 Notes JID: 101134822; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/19 [received]; 2015/03/15 [accepted]; 2015/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1618-1255; 1618-1247 Accession Number PMID: 25847685 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1007/s10266-015-0203-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25847685 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser pre-treatment alone, or associated with acid-etching, on the microtensile bond strength of a resin-based fissure sealant to primary enamel. Twenty-five human primary molars were randomly divided into five groups including (1) 35 % acid etching, (2) 2.5-W laser etching, (3) 3.5-W laser etching, (4) 2.5-W laser etching + acid etching, and (5) 3.5-W laser etching + acid etching. Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used at a wavelength of 2.780 nm and pulse duration of 140-200 mus with a repetition rate of 20 Hz. Following surface pre-treatment, the fissure sealant (ClinPro, 3M Dental Products) was applied. Each tooth was sectioned and subjected to microtensile testing. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sungurtekin-Ekci,E., Oztas,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150407 PMCID Editors
A systematic review of transitions between cigarette and smokeless tobacco product use in the United States	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Mar Volume 15 Issue Start Page 258 Other Pages 015-1594-8 Notes LR: 20160223; GR: P01 HD031921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4377056; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2015/02/27 [accepted]; 2015/03/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25849604 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1594-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25849604 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in the US and may influence cigarette smoking behavior. Systematic information on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US is limited. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published literature on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EbscoHost databases for all published articles from January 2000 to March 2014 that presented estimates of transitions in US youth and adult study populations over time between at least one of the following tobacco use states: exclusive cigarette smoking, exclusive smokeless tobacco use, dual use of both products, and use of neither product. We excluded non-English language studies, studies published before 2000, clinical trials, controlled cessation programs, and clinical studies or evaluations of smokeless tobacco cessation programs. RESULTS: The review identified six studies on US populations published since 2000 with longitudinal data on some or all of the transitions that users can undergo between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies in design and tobacco use definitions. Despite these differences, the existing data indicate that switching behaviors from exclusive smoking to exclusive smokeless tobacco use are limited (adults: 0%-1.4%, adolescents: 0.8%-3.8%) but may be more common from exclusive smokeless tobacco use to exclusive smoking (adults: 0.9%-26.6%, adolescents: 16.6%-25.5%). Among adults, exclusive cigarette smoking was generally stable and consistent (79.7% to 87.6%) over follow-up across studies but less stable in adolescents (46.8%-78.7%). Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was less stable than exclusive cigarette smoking over time (adults: 59.4%-76.6%, adolescents: 26.2%-44.8%). CONCLUSION: This review provides published estimates of the proportions of adults and adolescents transitioning between tobacco use categories from the most recently available studies on longitudinal transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarettes in the US. These data can be used to track tobacco use behaviors and evaluate their effect on public health; however, the data for these studies were generally collected more than a decade ago. Additional research including nationally representative longitudinal estimates using consistent definitions and designs, would improve understanding of current tobacco transition behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tam,J., Day,H.R., Rostron,B.L., Apelberg,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150318 PMCID PMC4377056 Editors
Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below	2015	Department of Anthropology & Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.; Department of Epidemiology & C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS neglected tropical diseases Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS Negl Trop.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 9-Apr Volume 9 Issue 4 Start Page e0003706 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 101291488; EIN: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May;9(5):e0003767. PMID: 25951327; OID: NLM: PMC4391876; 2015/04 [ecollection]; 2014/11/26 [received]; 2015/03/16 [accepted]; 2015/04/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1935-2735; 1935-2727 Accession Number PMID: 25856072 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003706 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25856072 Abstract BACKGROUND: The West African Ebola epidemic has demonstrated that the existing range of medical and epidemiological responses to emerging disease outbreaks is insufficient, especially in post-conflict contexts with exceedingly poor healthcare infrastructures. In this context, community-based responses have proven vital for containing Ebola virus disease (EVD) and shifting the epidemic curve. Despite a surge in interest in local innovations that effectively contained the epidemic, the mechanisms for community-based response remain unclear. This study provides baseline information on community-based epidemic control priorities and identifies innovative local strategies for containing EVD in Liberia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study was conducted in September 2014 in 15 communities in Monrovia and Montserrado County, Liberia--one of the epicenters of the Ebola outbreak. Findings from 15 focus group discussions with 386 community leaders identified strategies being undertaken and recommendations for what a community-based response to Ebola should look like under then-existing conditions. Data were collected on the following topics: prevention, surveillance, care-giving, community-based treatment and support, networks and hotlines, response teams, Ebola treatment units (ETUs) and hospitals, the management of corpses, quarantine and isolation, orphans, memorialization, and the need for community-based training and education. Findings have been presented as community-based strategies and recommendations for (1) prevention, (2) treatment and response, and (3) community sequelae and recovery. Several models for community-based management of the current Ebola outbreak were proposed. Additional findings indicate positive attitudes towards early Ebola survivors, and the need for community-based psychosocial support. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Local communities' strategies and recommendations give insight into how urban Liberian communities contained the EVD outbreak while navigating the systemic failures of the initial state and international response. Communities in urban Liberia adapted to the epidemic using multiple coping strategies. In the absence of health, infrastructural and material supports, local people engaged in self-reliance in order to contain the epidemic at the micro-social level. These innovations were regarded as necessary, but as less desirable than a well-supported health-systems based response; and were seen as involving considerable individual, social, and public health costs, including heightened vulnerability to infection. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abramowitz,S.A., McLean,K.E., McKune,S.L., Bardosh,K.L., Fallah,M., Monger,J., Tehoungue,K., Omidian,P.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150409 PMCID PMC4391876 Editors

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